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1. a) State the meaning of

CHEMISTRY MODULE 7A ACIDS AND BASES

i)

acid : An acids is a chemical substance which ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ion / H+. monoprotic acid : an acid which one molecule // one mole of the acid ionizes in water and produce one hydrogen ion // one mole hydrogen ion.

ii)

iii) diprotic acid : an acid which one molecule // one mole of the acid ionizes in water and produce two hydrogen ions // two mole hydrogen ion. b) Classify the following acids into monoprotic and diprotic acid. Hydrochloric acid, HCl Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 Monoprotic acid Hydrochloric acid, HCl Nitric acid, HNO3 Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH c) Complete the dissociation equations when the acids dissolve in water : i) ii) iii) iv) HCl H+ + ClNitric acid, HNO3 Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH Diprotic acid Sulphuric acid, H2SO4

H2SO4 2 H+ + SO42HNO3 H2CO3 H+ + NO3 2H+ + CO32

d) State two uses of acid Used in industry to produce detergents, fertilizers// To remove rust// In preserving food// To make fibres and dyes (any suitable answer )

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 7A ACIDS AND BASES

2. Chemical properties of acid Three chemical properties of acid: 1.1 Acids react with bases to form salt and water Eg: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O 1.2 Acids react with reactive metals to produce Salt + Hydrogen gas Eg: 2 HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2

1.3 Acids react with carbonates to produce salt and carbon dioxide and water Eg: HCl + CuCO3 CuCl2. + CO2 + H2O 3. Chemical properties of alkalis 1. Three chemical properties of alkalis: 1.1 Alkali react with acids to form salt and water Eg: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

1.2 Mixture of alkali and an ammonium salt heated will produce salt, water and ammonia gas. Eg: NaOH + NH4Cl NaCl + H2O + NH3. 1.3 Alkali react with metal ion will produce insoluble metal hydroxide. Eg: OH- + Cu2+ Cu(OH)2 4 Table 1 shows the pH value of four solutions. The solutions are of the same concentration. Solution P Q R S Table 1 (a) (i) Name one example for solution S. Hydrochloric acid pH 1 5 7 14

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(ii)

CHEMISTRY MODULE 7A ACIDS AND BASES

Write a chemical equation for the reaction of S in (a)(i) with sulphuric acid. S + H2SO4 SSO4 + H2O

(iii)

State one uses of S in the industry. To make soaps/detergents/fertilizers// any suitable answer

(b) (c)

Which solution possibly can be sodium sulphate? (i) (ii) R Which solution can change a blue litmus paper to red? P/Q State one test to prove the chemical property of (c)(i) without using an indicator. Add some zinc powder into a test tube containing P / Q,, colourless gas bubbles released which gives a pop sound when tested with a burning wooden splinter .

5 a) Table 3 shows the pH values of two alkali solution. Alkali Ammonia solution Sodium hydroxide solution Concentration/mol dm-3 0.1 0.1 pH Value 11 13

Table 3 Explain why these two solutions have different pH values. Ammonia is a weak alkali and dissociates partially in water to produce little hydroxide ions Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali which fully dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions. The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the higher the pH value. b) Table below shows two types of acids with the same concentration but different pH value. Type of acid Ethanoic acid Hydrochloric acid Concentration 0.1 mol dm-3 0.1 mol dm-3 pH value 3.0 1.0

Explain why the pH values of these two acids are different. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid which dissociates partially in water to produce little

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 7A ACIDS AND BASES

c)

hydrogen ions while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower is the pH value. Two solutions are tested with a dry red litmus paper and the results are shown below: Solution Ammonia in chloroform Ammonia in water Observation No change in colour Red litmus paper turns blue

Explain why only the ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. The presence of water allows the ammonia molecules to dissociate and form hydroxide ions , thus changing the red litmus blue. The ammonia molecules in chloroform do not dissociate to form hydroxide ions , so it does not change the red litmus blue.

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 7A ACIDS AND BASES