DS 102: Perspectives in Development II

Politics and Development

Development Studies Program School of Social Sciences Ateneo de Manila University 1st Semester, SY 2011-12 Dr. Benjamin T. Tolosa, Jr. benjtolosa@gmail.com

Course Description and Objectives By introducing students to various perspectives in the study of politics and development, the course seeks to underline the crucial importance of the political in the development process. Particular attention shall be devoted to two theoretical and empirical issues which are at the center of contemporary debates in the field: the significance, nature and role of the state, and the challenges and dilemmas of democratization. The aim is not to privilege certain norms and forms of political development as the goal or ideal, but instead to problematize these conceptions and institutions themselves, and how they have emerged historically and with what implications. Part of the task is to analyze political change as it relates with global processes of capitalist development and how political development shapes and is shaped by social relations and hierarchies at various levels. We shall draw on the theoretical and empirical material examined in the readings and discussions to think critically about politics and development in the Philippines from a comparative perspective. Course Requirements and Grading System Class Participation and Reports Quizzes Group Research and Presentation Mid-term Exam Final Exam 10% 10% 20% 30% 30% 100%

Consultation Hours: 9:30-11:00 am ThF or by appointment

Basic References Tornquist, O. (1999) Politics and Development. Sage Publications. Randall, V. and R. Theobald (1998) Political Change and Underdevelopment. Duke University Press.

Outline and Reading List A. Introduction: Politics and the Study of Development

Tornquist, Chs. 1-3 Randall and Theobald, Introduction. Brett, E.A. (2009) Reconstructing Development Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Introduction and Chs. 1-3. Schuurman, F. (2009) Critical Development Theory: Moving Out of the Twilight Zone Third World Quarterly 30(5): 831-848. Leftwich, A. (2006) Politics in Command: Development Studies and the Rediscovery of Social Science in A. Payne (ed.) Key Debates in Political Economy. London: Routledge. Toye, J. (1993) Dilemmas of Development. Blackwell Publishers, Ch. 1. Clapham, C. (1988) Third World Politics. Routledge., Chs. 1-3 Sivanandan, T. (2004) Anticolonialism, national liberation, and postcolonial nation formation in N. Lazarus (ed.) Cambridge Companion to Postcolonial Literary Studies. Cambridge University Press. B. Does Socioeconomic Modernization lead to Political Development? Arguments and Counter-arguments 1. Modernization and Political Development Theory

Tornquist, Chs. 5-6 Randall and Theobald, Chs. 1-3 Huntington, S. (1965). Political Development and Political Decay World Politics 17(3): 386-430.

Leys, C. (1996) Samuel Huntington and the End of Classical Modernization Theory in The Rise and Fall of Development Theory. Indiana University Press. Hagopian, P. (2000). Political Development, Revisited Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7): 880-911. Cammack, P. (1997) Capitalism and Democracy in the Third World, Chs. 2-5, 7. 2. Dependency and the Politics of Underdevelopment Tornquist, Ch. 7 Randall and Theobald, Ch. 4 Munck, R. (1999) Dependency and Imperialism in the New Times: A Latin American Perspective, European Journal of Development Research. 11(1): 56-74. ________. (2009) Democracy and Development in a Globalized World: Thinking About Latin America from Within Studies in Comparative International Development 44: 337-358. Cardoso, F. H. (2009) New Paths: Globalization in Historical Perspective Studies in Comparative International Development 44: 296317. Heller, P., D. Rueschemeyer and R. Snyder (2009) Dependency and Development in a Globalized World: Looking Back and Forward Studies in Comparative International Development 44: 287-295. Evans, P. (2009) From Situations of Dependency to Globalized Social Democracy Studies in Comparative International Development 44: 31836. Harriss, J. (2009) How Much Space is there for Political Agency in Dependent Economies? Reflections on Papers on Contemporary Development Inspired by Cardoso and Falettos Dependencia y Desarrollo en America Latina Studies in Comparative International Development 44: 435-440. C. What is the Role of States in Socioeconomic Transformation? 1. An Overview of Perspectives on the State: History and Theory Tornquist, Ch. 8 Randall and Theobald, Ch. 5

King, R. and G. Kendall (2004) The State, Democracy and Globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chs. 1-3. Hay, C. and M. Lister (2006) Introduction: Theories of the State in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hay, C. (2006) (Whats Marxist about) Marxist State Theory? in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. Held, D. (1984) Central Perspectives on the Modern State in McLennan et. al. (eds.) The Idea of the Modern State. Open University Press. ________. (1992/2003). The Development of the Modern State in S. Hall and B. Gieben (eds.) Formations of Modernity. Polity Press and Open University. Anderson, B. (2003) Imagined Communities. Anvil, Chs. 1, 3, 10. Scott, J. (1998) Cities, People, and Language in Seeing Like A State. Yale University Press, Ch. 2. 2. The Neoliberal Counterrevolution and its Aftermath Tornquist, Ch. 9 Hindmoor, A. (2006) Public Choice in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. Smith, M. (2006) Pluralism in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. King, R. and G. Kendall (2004) The State, Democracy and Globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chs. 8. Brett, E.A. (2009) Reconstructing Development Theory. Part II. Przeworski, A. (1992) The Neoliberal Fallacy Journal of Democracy 3(3): 4559. Minogue, M. (2002) Power to the People? Good Governance and the Reshaping of the State in Kothari and Minogue (eds.) Williams, D. (1996) Governance and the Discipline of Development, European Journal of Development Research. 8(2): 157-177.

Goldsmith, A. (2011) No Country Left Behind?: Performance Standards and Accountability in US Foreign Assistance Development Policy Review 29(S1): 157-176. Grindle, M. (2011) Good Enough Governance Revisited Development Policy Review 29(S1):199-176. Robison, R., G. Rodan, and K. Hewison. (2005) Transplanting the neoliberal state in Southeast Asia in R. Boyd and T. Ngo (eds.) Asian States: Beyond the Developmental Perspective. Routledge. Cammack, P. (2002) Neoliberalism, the World Bank and the New Politics of Development in U. Kothari and M. Minogue (eds.) Development Theory and Practice. Palgrave. Jayasuriya, K. and K. Hewison (2006) The Antipolitics of Good Governance in G. Rodan and K. Hewison (eds.) Neoliberalism and Conflict in Asia after 9/11. Routledge. Fine, B. (2005) Beyond the developmental state: Towards a political economy of development in Lapavitsas and Noguchi (eds.). Beyond Market-Driven Development. Routledge. Jomo, K.S. (2005) What remains of the East Asia model? in C. Lapavitsas and M. Noguchi (eds.). Borras, S. (2007) 'Free market', export-led development strategy and its impact on rural livelihoods, poverty and inequality: The Philippine experience seen from a Southeast Asian perspective Review of International Political Economy 14(1): 143-175. Wade, R. (2008) The First-World Debt Crisis of 20072010 in Global Perspective Challenge. 51(4) (July/August 2008): 2354. Obama, B. (2009) Remarks on the Economy (14 April) http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-Presidenton-the-Economy-at-Georgetown-University/ Brassett, J., L. Rethel and M. Watson (2010) The Political Economy of the Subprime Crisis: The Economics, Politics and Ethics of Response New Political Economy 15(1): 1-7. Thompson, G. (2010) Financial Globalisation' and the 'Crisis': A Critical Assessment and 'What is to be Done'? New Political Economy 15(1): 127-145.

3. Neo-Weberian Approaches and their Implications Skocpol, T. (1985) Bringing the State Back in: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research in P., Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds.) Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge University Press. Evans, M (2006) Elitism in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. Amsden, A. (1985) The State and Taiwans Economic Development in Evans, Rueschemeyr and Skocpol. Wade, R. (1992) East Asias Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, Shaky Evidence World Politics 44(2): 270-320. Hutchcroft, P. (1991) Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State: The Politics of Patrimonial Plunder World Politics 43(3): 414-450. ________. (1997) The Politics of Privilege: Assessing the Impact of Rents, Corruption and Clientelism on Third World Development Political Studies 45: 639-658. ________. (1998) Booty Capitalism: The Politics of Banking in the Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press., Chs. 1-3; 10. Schneider, B. and S. Maxfield (1997) Business, the State and Economic Performance in Developing Countries in Maxfield, S. and B. Schneider (eds.) (1997) Business and the State in Developing Countries. Cornell University Press. Evans, P. (1997) State Structures, Government-Business Relations and Economic Transformation in Maxfield and Schneider (eds.). _________. (1996) Government Action, Social Capital and Development: Reviewing the Evidence on Synergy, World Development. 24(6): 11191132. 4. The State, Globalization and Governance Randall and Theobald (1998), Ch. 6 King, R. and G. Kendall (2004) The State, Democracy and Globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chs. 6-7.

Scholte, J. (1996) Beyond the Buzzword: Towards a Critical Theory of Globalization in E. Kofman and G. Youngs (eds.) Globalization: Theory and Practice. London: Pinter. Cerny, P. (2000) Restructuring the Political Arena: Globalization and the Paradoxes of the Competition State in R. Germain (ed.) Globalization and its Critics: Perspectives from Political Economy. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press. Rosenau, J. (2002) Governance in a New Global Order in D. Held.and A. McGrew (eds.) Governing Globalization. Cambridge: Polity Press. Evans, P. (1997) The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization World Politics 50(1): 62-87. Held, D. (2010) Global Challenges: Accountability and Effectiveness in C. Hay New Directions in Political Science. Basinstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Rochlin, J. (2007) Latin Americas Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: the case of Bolivia Third World Quarterly 28(7): 1327-1342. D. What Kinds of Institutions Promote Development?

Tornquist, Chs. 10-11 Hall, P. and R. Taylor (1996) Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms Political Studies. 44(5): 936-957. Schmidt, V. (2006) Institutionalism in Hay, Lister and Marsh (eds.) The State: Theories and Issues. Brett, E.A. (2009) Reconstructing Development Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chs. 9-12, 14 and Conclusion Leftwich, A. and K. Sen (2011) Dont Mourn: Organize: Institutions and Organizations in the Politics and Economics of Growth and Poverty-Reduction Journal of International Development 23: 319-337. Booth, D. (2011) Aid, Institutions and Governance: What Have we Learned? Development Policy Review 29(S1): 5-26. Williams, G., A. Duncan, P. Landell-Mills and S. Unsworth (2011) Politics and Growth Development Policy Review 29(S1): 29-55. Scharpf, F. (2000) Institutions in Comparative Policy Research Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7).

De Dios, E. and H. Esfahani (2001) Centralization, Political Turnover and Investment in the Philippines in J.E. Campos (ed.) Corruption: The Boom and Bust of East Asia. Ateneo de Manila University Press. Hutchcroft, P. (2001) Centralization and Decentralization in Administration and Politics: Assessing Territorial Dimensions of Authority and Power Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration 14(1): 2353. Li, S. and J. Wu (2010) Why Some Countries Thrive Despite Corruption: The Role of Trust in the Corruption-Efficiency Relationship Review of International Political Economy 17(1): 129-154. Fabella, R. (2006) What Happens Institutions Do Not Work: Jueteng, Crises of Presidential Legitimacy, and Electoral Failures in the Philippines Asian Economic Papers 5(3). Theobald, R, P. Hutchroft et. al (2002) Debate: Containing Corruption New Political Economy 7(3). Chang, H.. (2007). Institutional Change and Economic Development: An Introduction and Understanding the Relationship Between Institutions and Economic Development Some Key Theoretical Issues. in H. Chang (ed.) Institutional Change and Economic Development. UNU Press and Anthem. Evans, P. (2007) Extending the Institutional Turn: Property, Politics, and Development Trajectories in Chang (ed.). Toye, J. (2007) Modern Bureaucracy in Chang (ed.). Epstein, G. (2007) Central Banks as Agents of Economic Development in Chang (ed). Di John, J. (2007) The Political Economy of Taxation and Tax Reform in Developing Countries in Chang (ed.). Sinclair, T. (1999) Deficit Discourse: The Social Construction of Financial Rectitude, in R. Germain (ed.). Porter, T. (1999) The Late-Modern Knowledge Structure and World Politics, in M. Hewson and T. Sinclair (eds.). Approaches to Global Governance Theory. SUNY Press. Tolosa, B. (2004) Representations of the Philippine Stock Market and Securities Research, and Global Financial Regularization Philippine Studies 52(1): 3-42.

E.

What are the Dilemmas of Democratization in the South? Is Democracy Compatible with Development? What Kinds of Institutions and Political Actors Facilitate Democratization?

Tornquist, Chs. 12-13. Randall and Theobald, Ch. 5 (pp.216-221) King, R. and G. Kendall (2004) The State, Democracy and Globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Ch. 4. Brett, E.A. (2009) Reconstructing Development Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chs. 5, 13. Schmitter, P. and T.L. Karl (1991) What Democracy Is And Is Not Journal of Democracy 2(3). Schmitter, P. (2004) The Ambiguous Virtues of Accountability Journal of Democracy 15(4). Shin, D.C. (1994) On the Third Wave of Democratization: A Synthesis and Evaluation of Recent Theory and Research World Politics. 47(1): 135-170. Diamond, L. (2008) The Democratic Rollback: The Resurgence of the Predatory State Foreign Affairs (March-April). ________. (2004) The Quality of Democracy: An Overview Journal of Democracy 15(4). Leftwich, A., E. Huber, M.H. Khan, J. Grugel, and B. Hettne (2002) Debate: Democracy and Development New Political Economy 7(2): 269-281. Leftwich, A. (2005) Democracy and development: incompatibility? Democratization. 12(5): 686703. Is there institutional

Power, T. and M. Gasiorowski (1997) Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World Comparative Political Studies 30(2):123-155. Valenzuela, A. (2004) Latin American Presidencies Interrupted Journal of Democracy 15(4). Croissant, A. (2003) Legislative Powers, Veto Players and the Emergence of Delegative Democracy: A Comparison of Presidentialism in the Philippines and South Korea Democratization 10(3): 68-98.

Haggard, S. and R. Kaufman (1995) The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton University Press (see Introduction and Part III). Rueschemeyer, D., E. Stephens and J. Stephens (1992) Capitalist Development and Democracy. University of Chicago Press., Ch. 4 Rueschemeyer, D. (2004) Addressing Inequality Journal of Democracy 15(4). Huber, E., D. Rueschemeyer and J. Stephens (1997) The Paradoxes of Contemporary Democracy: Formal, Participatory and Social Dimensions Comparative Politics 29(3): 323-342. Moore, M. (1996) Is Democracy Rooted in Material Prosperity? in Luckham and White (eds). Democratization in the South. Manchester. Przeworski, A., M. Alvarez, J. Cheibub and F. Limongi (1996) What Makes Democracies Endure? Journal of Democracy 7(1):39-55. White, G. (1996) Civil Society, Democratization and Development in Luckham and White (eds.) Democratization in the South. Manchester. ________. (1995) Towards a Democratic Developmental State IDS Bulletin 26(2) 1995: 27-36. Loh, F. (2008) Procedural democracy, participatory democracy and regional networking: the multi-terrain struggle for democracy in Southeast Asia InterAsia Cultural Studies 9(1). Ufen, A. (2008) Political party and party system institutionalization in Southeast Asia: lessons for democratic consolidation in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand Pacific Review 21(3): 327-350. Case, W. (2007) Democracys Quality and Breakdown: New Lessons from Thailand Democratization 14(4): 622642. Thitinan Pongsudhirak (2008) Thailand Since the Coup Journal of Democracy 19(4): 140-153. Sandbrook, R., M. Edelman, P. Heller and J. Teichman (2007) Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges and Prospects. Cambridge, Parts I and III. Castaneda, J. (2006) Latin Americas Left Turn Foreign Affairs 85(3): 28-43. Leiras, M. (2007) Latin Americas Electoral Turn: Left, Right and Wrong Constellations
14(3).

Lynch, N. (2007) What Left Means in Latin America Now Constellations 14(3). 10

Arditi, B. (2008) Arguments about the Left Turns in Latin America: A Post-Liberal Politics? Latin American Research Review 43(3). Murray, J., M. Cameron and E. Hershberg (2009) Latin Americas Left Turns: An Introduction Third World Quarterly 30(2): 319330. Cameron, M. (2009) Latin Americas Left Turns: Beyond Good and Bad Third World Quarterly 30(2): 331348. French, J. (2009) Understanding the Politics of Latin Americas Plural Lefts (Chavez/Lula) Third World Quarterly 30(2): 349-370. Luna, J. and F. Filgueira (2009) The Left Turns as Multiple Paradigmatic Crises Third World Quarterly 30(2): 371395. Elshtain, J. B. (2009) Religion and Democracy Journal of Democracy 20(2): 5-17. Brown, D. and T. Cheng (2005/06) Religious Organizations and Democratic Consolidation International Journal of the Humanities 3(11). Carothers, T. (2009) Democracy Assistance: Political vs. Developmental? Journal of Democracy, 20(1): 5-19. Blair, H. (2004) Assessing Civil Society Impact for Democracy Programmes Democratization 11(1): 77-103. Kapstein, E. and N. Converse (2008) Why Democracies Fail Journal of Democracy 19(4): 57-68.

F.

The Philippines: Politics, Development and Democracy

Hutchcroft, P. (1999) After the Fall: Prospects for Political and Institutional Reform in Post-Crisis Thailand and the Philippines Government and Opposition ________. (2008) The Arroyo Imbroglio in the Philippines Journal of Democracy 19(1). ________. and J. Rocamora (2003) Strong Demands and Weak Institutions: The Origins and Evolution of the Democratic Deficit in the Philippines Journal of East Asian Studies. 3: 259292. Dimond, P. (2006) The Philippines: Fragile Democracy or Strong Republic? Asian Affairs 37(2): 210-219. Reid, B. (2006) Historical Blocs and Democratic Impasse in the Philippines: 20 years 11

after people power Third World Quarterly 27(6): 1003-1020. Rogers, S. (2004) Philippine Politics and the Rule of Law Journal of Democracy 15(4). Montinola, G. (1999) Parties and Accountability in the Philippines Journal of Democracy 10(1): 126-140. Magadia, J. (2003) State-Society Dynamics: Policy Making in a Restored Democracy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Eaton, K. (2003) Restoration or Transformation? Trapos versus NGOs in the Democratization of the Philippines The Journal of Asian Studies, 62(2): 469496. Rland, J. (2003) Constitutional Debates in the Philippines: From Presidentialism to Parliamentarianism? Asian Survey 43(3): 461-484. Quimpo, N. (2005) The Left, Elections, and the Political Party System in the Philippines Critical Asian Studies 37(1): 3-28. Rivera, T. (2002) Transition Pathways and Democratic Consolidation in Post-Marcos Philippines Contemporary Southeast Asia 24(3): 466-483. Zialcita, F. (1997) Barriers and Bridges to a Democratic Culture in M. S. Diokno (ed.) Democracy and Citizenship in Filipino Culture. Third World Studies Center. Karaos, A. (1997) Perceptions and Practices of Democracy and Citizenship Among Urban Middle Class Families in Diokno (ed.). Bautista, C. (2001) People Power 2: The Revenge of the Elite on the Masses? in A. Doronila (ed.) Between Fires. Inquirer Books. Hernandez, C. (2001) Reflections on the Role of the Military in People Power 2 in A. Doronila (ed.). Coronel, S., Y. Chua, L. Rimban and B. Cruz (2004) The Rulemakers: How the Wealthy and Well-Born Dominate Congress. Quezon City: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.

12