International Marketing and Culture On this report I chose to concentrate on international marketing and culture and effects to around

the globe because its one biggest principle which hinders the growth of international marketing and the way it operates, Ive also opt to touch on global economic crisis which has hit international marketing widely and also effect of US debt ceiling which are current issues up to date Culture is the way that we do things around here. Culture could relate to a country (national culture), a distinct section of the community (sub-culture), or an organization (corporate culture). It is widely accepted that you are not born with a culture, and that it is learned. So, culture includes all that we have learned in relation to values and norms, customs and traditions, beliefs and religions, rituals and artifacts Cultural framework Language Religion education Law and politics Aesthetics Technology and material culture Value and attitudes Social organization

Religion In China in 2007 (which was the year of the pig) all advertising which included pictures of pigs was banned. This was to maintain harmony with the country's Muslim population of around 2%. The ban included pictures of sausages that contained pork, and even advertising that included an animated (cartoon) pig. In 2005 France's Catholic Church won a court injunction to ban a clothing advertisement (by clothing designers Marithe and Francois Girbaud) based upon Leonardo da Vinci's Christ's Last Supper. Values and Attitudes In the People's Republic of China a nationwide system of public education is in place, which includes primary schools, middle schools (lower and upper), and universities. Nine years of education is compulsory for all Chinese students.

In Finland school attendance is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 16, the first nine years of education (primary and secondary school) are compulsory, and the pupils go to their local school. The education after primary school is divided to the vocational and academic systems, according to the old German model. In Uganda schooling includes 7 years of primary education, 6 years of secondary education (divided into 4 years of lower secondary and 2 years of upper secondary school), and 3 to 5 years of post-secondary education Technology and Material Culture Trevor Baylis launched the clockwork radio upon the African market. Since batteries were expensive in Africa and power supplies in rural areas are non-existent. The clockwork radio innovation was a huge success. China's car market grew 25% in 2006 and it has overtaken Japan to be the second-largest car market in the world with sales of 8 million vehicles. With just six car owners per 100 people (6%), compared with 90% car ownership in the US and 80% in the UK, the potential for growth in the Chinese market is immense. Law and Politics United Kingdom has a largely market-driven, democratic society with laws based upon precedent and legislation, whilst Iran has a political and legal system based upon the teachings and principles Islam and a Sharia tradition. Culture & Negotiation style Italy Most Italians do not speak English so you will need a translator, Italians prefer to do business with only the most important people in any organization. people are expected to behave with a sense of decorum and formality Bella figura. The initial meeting will be conducted in the office where you will be assessed be warm and friendly

South Africa Any hint of ignorance about the domestic or regional political scene will disqualify you from doing business here, Most South African's are bilingual Although Apartheid is gone the society is still composed of various social groups that remain separate Always wait to be asked to sit down

United Kingdom Older senior managers conduct business meetings. Brits are undemonstrative and British business people approach their work in a detached way, objective facts are important. Meetings may appear as if there is no structure this is in keeping with the Brits proud tradition of democracy. But UK culture is hierarchical

Global economic turmoil and USA debt ceiling Regarding the us debt ceiling and global economic crisis, Bangladeshs exporters remained skeptic about any positive outcome from debt deal as they feel a hike in lending rate in the USA and demand contraction, as a result of declining purchasing capacity of US consumers, will hurt exports. The orders from the US have decreasing already. There have been no intimation or confirmation on orders according to abdus Salam murshedy, president of Exporters Association of Bangladesh, The US market is the largest importer from Bangladesh; if purchasing power of the US consumers goes down, the exports will take a hit. On tax and tariffs Bangladesh has been hit high on imports from usa

A growing number of politicians and economists are calling for an increase in trade tariffs, to reign in the unfair monetary policies and currency manipulations of other nations namely China. According to an article by the name of rise in global economy, it says the reduction in tariffs over the last 60 years has drastically decreased the prices of goods all over the world and therefore has been the primary source of global economic growth for the last century, if further suggests although there is a lot of evidence that points to the reduction of tariffs as a major contributor to the global economy crisis Trade agreements have brought financial benefits to many nations. But most of the money gained has been spent primarily by expanding government entitlement programs and consumer spending. The reduction in tariffs was exchanged for tightly coupling the economies of sovereign nations with debt and credit. So each trade deal like NAFTA are allowing poorer nations to import their products into

richer nations in exchange for them to borrow more money at lower interest rates

Personal evaluation Culture Culture and a solid understanding of culture is essential in international marketing. Cultural references impact significantly on consumers cognitive, affective and connotative behavior, I can further summarize that cultural differences should be addressed with an open mind and thats the only way any organization may achieve success Negotiations on the other hand is all having an open mind and is rather best to study before carrying out any practices Global Recession and Tariffs If the global economy is facing an economic downturn (e.g. like 2011) then all countries are seeking to increase domestic demand and boost economic growth. Therefore, if the US raised tariffs, it is likely to lead quick retaliation. China and Japan would not be happy to see a decline in exports to US because they need to increase their own demand.

It is important to understand that tariffs dont create any additional demand, they merely shift demand from one part of the world to another. US import tariffs may increase US demand at the expense of demand and growth in Asia. If the world economy was growing very strongly and a small country raised tariffs, it is possible that other countries wouldnt bother to retaliate. In this case, the import tariffs may play a role in boost domestic demand. .