Histology of Epith - Med - June 28 2011

1
HISTOLOGY OF
EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
Rowena F. Genuino, MD
Department of Anatomy
Not to be copied without permission
EPITHELIUM
Sheet of closely
adherent cells
covering a
naturally occurring
surface
CT
2 Not to be copied without permission
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FUNCTIONS OF
EPITHELIUM
SELECTIVE BARRIER
ABSORPTION
SECRETION
PROTECTION
OTHERS - Sensation, Contractility,
Transport
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EPITHELIUM
EXTERNAL COVERING
Skin
INTERNAL LINING
CLOSED CAVITIES
Peritoneal, Pleural, Pericardial
cavities
Blood vessels
OPEN-ENDED TUBES
Dig, GU, Resp
SECRETORY UNITS
Glands
'epithelioid
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF EPITHELIUM
HIGHLY CELLULAR
(scanty ECM)
+ IC JUNCTIONS
POLAR
Apical (e.g. microvilli)
Lateral (IC jxns)
Basal (BM)
SELF-RENEWING
Stem cells
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EPITHELIUM (Light
microscope)
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CLASSIFICATION
OF EPITHELIUM
Based on No. of layers
SIMPLE vs STRATIFIED
Absorption Protection
Exchange Barrier
Secretion
8
Based on cell shape
SQUAMOUS CUBOIDAL
COLUMNAR
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SIMPLE EPITHELIA
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Endothelium
SURFACE VIEW, SEM SIDE VIEW
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MESOTHELIUM
SURFACE VIEW
SIDE VIEW
MESOTHELIUM + some CT =
SEROSA
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SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
Kidney tubule
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR
Lining of galbladder
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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
EPITHELIUM
Single layer but
"appears stratified due
to different levels of
nuclei
Some cells do not reach
the apical surface
(=basal cells), their
nuclei are in lower layers
Limited distribution: resp
& male reproductive tract
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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
BRONCHUS
TRACHEA
Others:
Vas deferens
Epididymis
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STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
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STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON-KERATINIZING
Uterine cervix
Skin
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
KERATINIZING
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STR. SQ. NON-KER EPITH (Vagina)
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STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL
Larger excretory duct of salivary gland
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TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
Barrier
Distensible due to
ability to change
number of layers
Urinary tract
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TRANSITIONAL
Urinary bladder (contracted)
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TRANSITIONAL EPITH
(Urinary bladder)
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SURFACE
MODIFICATIONS
APICAL
LATERAL
BASAL
APICAL MODIFICATIONS
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CILIA
MICRO
VILLI
STEREO
CILIA
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MICROVILLI
Closely packed --
increases absorptive
surface (small
intestine, kidney)
Finger-like
evaginations of PM ---
Upright parallel array
due to core of actin
filaments
Anchored to terminal
web for rigidity
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MICROVILLI (=Brush/Striated
border under LM)
'FUZZY BORDER Not to be copied without permission
31
MICROVILLI
KIDNEY TUBULE
SMALL INTESTINE
32
STEREOCILIA
Non-motile
=Elongated microvilli
Absorptive (seminal
fluid in male
reproductive tract);
Sensory (ear)
Long, thin, clumped
at ends
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STEREOCILIA
'PAINTBRUSH APPEARANCE
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CILIA
Motile
Move mucus/ovum
across surface (resp
tract/oviduct)
Core of
microtubules
(=axoneme)
Attached to basal
body
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CILIA
Axoneme = 9 + 2
pattern
9 peripheral doublets
2 central singlets
Basal body = 9 + 0
pattern
9 peripheral triplets
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CILIA
DYNEIN ARMS
CILIA
37
'Crewcut hair
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CILIA
OVIDUCT
TRACHEA
JUNCTIONAL
COMPLEX
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Occluding jxn
Tight jxn
Anchoring jxns
Intermediate jxn
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Communicating
Gap jxn
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ZONULA
OCCLUDENS
Unique to epith
Narrow gap where PM
of adj cells come in
contact in many fusion
sites
Occludins (transmemb
proteins)
Seals the IC space/
Maintains polarity
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ZONULA OCCLUDENS
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ZONULA
OCCLUDENS
Anastomosing network of
ridges+grooves= fusion
sites
Urinary bladder ("tight)
vs. kidney ("leaky)
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ZONULA
ADHERENS
Wider IC space
(+) IC filaments
cytoplasmic dense
plaques to which actin
filaments are anchored
Actin filaments attached
to terminal web
44
ZONULA ADHERENS
45
MACULA ADHERENS
(DESMOSOMES)
Discontinuous spot
welds/buttons
Wider IC space than ZA
w/ intercellular linked
filaments
Cytoplasmic attachment
plaque
Attached to Interm.
Filaments
anchor/loop back to
dissipate physical forces
MACULA ADHERENS
Only jxn present in
stratified squamous
epith
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HEMIDESMOSOME
Between basal epith.
cells and underlying
BM
where (+) abrasion &
shearing forces
Cornea, skin, mucosa
of oral cavity,
esophagus, vagina
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TERMINAL BAR
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NEXUS (=GAP JUNCTION)
Closely apposed PM
but no fusions
Connexons
IC communication
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BASAL SURFACE
MODIFICATIONS
BASAL LAMINA
50-100 nm thick
EM: 2 layers (l. lucida + l. densa)
=EXTERNAL LAMINA (when it surrounds nerve-
supporting cells & muscle cells)
=BASEMENT MEMBRANE (when very thick, seen
under LM, BL +underlying CT fibers)
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FUNCTIONS OF BASAL
LAMINA
Attachment
Selective barrier
Polarity
Tissue scaffolding - wound healing,
repair
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BASEMENT
MEMBRANE
BASAL LAMINA
LAMINA LUCIDA
laminin
LAMINA DENSA
Type IV collagen
Proteoglycans
Fibronectin
SUB-LAMINA
DENSA
Anchoring fibrils
(Type VII coll)
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BASEMENT MEMBRANE
GLOMERULUS
TRACHEA
GLANDS
Groups of epithelial
cells specialized for
secretion
Varied
GLANDULAR
EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
56
+/- DUCTS
57
EXOCRINE
GLANDS
UNICELLULAR
GOBLET CELL
(resp/int)
MULTICELLULAR
SECRETORY
EPITHELIAL SHEET
(gastric)
TRUE
INVAGINATION
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CLASSIFICATION OF
EXOCRINE GLANDS
BASED ON
BRANCHING
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
BASED ON SHAPE
OF SECRETORY
PORTION
TUBULAR
ACINAR
TUBULO-ACINAR
SACCULAR
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SIMPLE
TUBULAR
GLAND
Colon
60
SIMPLE TUBULAR GLAND
(Colon)
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SIMPLE
COILED
TUBULAR
Sweat gland
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SIMPLE
BRANCHED
ACINAR
Sebaceous gland
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COMPOUND
BRANCHED
TUBULAR
Duodenal glands
64
COMPOUND
TUBULO-
ACINAR
Pancreas
65
Pancreas
66
COMPOUND TUBULO-ACINAR
GLAND
Submandibular gland
67
COMPOUND SACCULAR
MAMMARY GLAND PROSTATE GLAND
68
TYPE OF
SECRETION
MUCOUS
mucin - viscous fluid
rich in mucopolys
protective or lubricating
function
pale cytoplasm (mucin-
filled)
flattened nucleus
SEROUS
watery secretion
Enzyme-rich
spherical nuclei
dark staining cytoplasm
(secretory granules)
Esophageal
Mucous gland
Pancreas
69
SEROUS-SECRETING CELL
(PANCREATIC ACINAR CELL)
70
MIXED SEROMUCOUS
ACINI (Submandibular gland)
SEROUS DEMILUNE
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MODE OF
SECRETION
MEROCRINE
Pancreas, etc
APOCRINE
Mammary gld
HOLOCRINE
Sebaceous gland
APOCRINE
HOLOCRINE
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ORGANIZATION OF LARGE
EXOCRINE GLANDS
Example: pancreas
Capsule - condensation of
CT
Septa - extend inward from
capsule to divide gland into
lobes
Thinner septa - further
divide into lobules
Reticular fibers - delicate
network which surrounds
acini
73
EXOCRINE GLANDS
CT component --
STROMA
Epithelial
component --
PARENCHYMA
74
DUCTAL SYSTEM OF
EXOCRINE GLANDS
Intercalated duct
Striated duct
Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct
Lobar duct
Main duct
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ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Ductless, less
organized, cells
arranged in cords &
columns
except for thyroid
gland (rounded units
enclosing stored
hormone precursors)
Highly vascular
Hormones - distant
target organs
PITUITARY GLAND
THYROID GLAND
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ORGANIZATION OF
ENDOCRINE
GLANDS
DISCRETE ORGANS
Cords
Adrenal, Hypophysis
Follicles
Thyroid
SMALL ISLANDS within
an Exocrine gland
Leydig cells in testis
Islets of Langerhans in
pancreas
THE END

Histology of Epith - Med - June 28 2011

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