YTSS 4E CHEMISTRY PRELIM 2 2010 ANSWERS PAPER 1 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. B 18.

A 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. C

PAPER 2 SECTION A A1(a) (b) (c) (d) A2(a) (b) ANSWER Zinc oxide Lead (II) iodide Sulfur dioxide Magnesium carbonate X, W, Y, Z Elements Y and Z. They have low melting and boiling points hence must have simple molecular structures hence must be non metals WCl2 and XCl will be able to conduct electricity in aqueous state as the electrostatic forces are broken in aqueous state and the ions are free to move Physical: Metal chlorides have high melting points and boiling points while non metal chlorides have low melting and boiling points Chemical: Metal chlorides don not form acidic solutions when dissolved in water but non-metal chlorides form acidic chlorides when dissolved in water Element X It is a Group I metal and Group I metals form soluble basic oxides Magnesium chloride MARK 1 each

(c)

1 1 1 (answer must use data to deduce structure and not vice versa) 1 1 1 (Answer must give a comparison)

(d)

1 1 1 1 1 for correct structure 1 for correct symbol (no marks if signs are wrong)

(e) (f)

A3(a) A: H2 B: N2 C: NH4Cl D: Al E: H2SO4 F: Fe(OH)2 (b) Fe2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2(s) (c) (di) Temperature of 450oC and pressure of 200atm and iron catalyst

1 each

1 eqn 1 ss , 1 1 1

As pressure increases, the percentage of ammonia present at equilibrium increases (dii) As the temperature increases, the percentage of ammonia at equilibrium decreases A4(a) H H H O | | | || HCCC-CH | | | H H H (b) (c) Butanal CnH2n+1COH H H H | | | HCCCH | | | H OH H (d)

1 1 1

Glucose in the presence of yeast which contain 1 enzymes is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide at optimal temperature of 37oC C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 1 Ethyl ethanoate H O H H | || | | HCCOCCH | | | H H H 1 1 1

(ei) (eii)

A5(a) The oxidation state of Cu has decreased from +2 in CuO to 0 in Cu (bi) No of moles of N2 = 0.15 3 = 0.05 mol 2

1 1

(bii) (c) (d)

Volume of N2 = 0.05 24 = 1.2 dm3 No of mole of Cu = 0.15 mol Mass of Cu = 0.15 64 = 9.6g Yes. Hydrogen is more reactive than copper.

1 1 1 (explanation must be correct) 1 1 1 1

When alloyed, the foreign atoms distort the orderly layers of copper atoms preventing the layers from sliding easily when a force is applied therefore making the alloy stronger A6(a) Mg is more reactive than boron (b) Powdered Mg increases the total surface area. The larger surface area increases the frequency of collisions leading to more effective collisions per unit time hence leading to a faster rate of reaction (c) Step 1: Acid reacts with the magnesium and magnesium oxide to remove them Step 2: Alkali reacts with the acidic boron oxide to remove it

1 Step 3: Distilled water is to wash of any remaining residue of acid or alkali 1 (d) 11 + 19n = 68 19n = 57 n=3 Formula is BF3

SECTION B ANSWER B7(ai) Less coal is used now as compared to 15 years ago More natural gas is used as compared to 15 years ago MARKS 1 1 MARKERS REPORT Answers which merely quoted percentages from the figure without mentioning whether there was an increase or decrease were not credited.

(aii)

Coal contains sulfur impurities which when burnt produce SO2. Less coal used means that less SO2 is released into the atmosphere reducing the amount of acid rain Burning of natural gas produces CO2. More natural gas is burnt so the amount of carbon dioxide released remains the same thus leading to global warming Burning of hydrogen produces only water which is a non pollutant It produces less energy per mole when burnt compared to carbon and methane It is highly flammable Ethanol comes from the fermentation of sugar from plants. Plants take in carbon dioxide to form sugar during photosynthesis and when the ethanol is burnt, it produces carbon dioxide. Thus there is no net gain or loss of carbon from the cycle. Ethanol derived from crude oil when burnt produces carbon dioxide and this adds to the carbon content in the carbon cycle Cathode: Ag+ (aq) + e Ag (s) Anode: Ag (s) Ag+ (aq) + e Ag+ (aq) + e Ag (s) No of moles of Ag = 0.54 108 = 0.005 mol No of moles of electron = 0.005mol Cu2+ + 2e Cu 1

Most answers gave vague descriptions of impact on environment. Answers did not show the chemistry behind the pollutants derived from the different types of fuels used

(bi)

(bii)

1 1

(biii)

Most answers did not name the product formed but merely stated that the product was harmless. Answers which mentioned difficulty in transporting because hydrogen is a gas were not credited as some fossil fuels such as methane are also gases Many did not understand the term carbon neutral. Some mistook the meaning as being pH neutral.

B8(a) (b)

, ,

Common mistakes: Reversal of the half equation for cathode. Common mistake was to multiply the number of moles of electrons by 2 rather than dividing the no of moles by 2.

No of moles of Cu = 0.005 2 = 0.0025 mol Mass of Cu = 0.0025 64 = 0.16g (c) Cathode: 2H+ (aq) +2e H2 (g) Anode: 2Cl- (aq) Cl2 (g) + 2e Hydrogen ions are discharged at the cathode to form hydrogen gas while chloride ions are discharged at the anode to form chlorine gas. There are now more OH- ions than H+ ions hence the solution becomes more alkaline and the pH increases No. Lead (II) sulfate is insoluble so it cannot be used as an electrolyte as no electricity will pass through.

1 1 Many answers did not compare the amount of H+ ion and OH- which are the key determinants of pH but instead talked about the concentration of ClIt cannot be assumed that when an equation is given, it forms part of the explanation. Students should still mention the products in their explanation.

(d)

B9 (a)

Lead is more reactive than hydrogen so H+ ions will still be discharge in preference to Pb2+ ions. Lead will not be formed at the cathode EITHER
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 MgCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O + CO2 MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2O + CO2

This answer poorly phrased.

1 1 1

The equation for the reaction between HCl and ethanoic acid was not well done.

(b)

The volume of carbon dioxide 1 produced in expt 3 is more than in expt 1 because the HCl is a monobasic acid while H2SO4 is a 1 dibasic acid hence the number of moles of CO2 is more for H2SO4 1

The question says account which means students must first state the result before explaining. However, many did not explicitly state the result in their answers. Also the key words monobasic and dibasic were not mentioned in answer. Students who merely used no of moles to explain did not

(c)

(d)

B9 (ai)

The rate of reaction for expt 1 is faster than for expt 2 because HCl is a strong acid while ethanoic acid is a weak acid. The concentration of H+ ions in HCl is more than in ethanoic acid hence the rate is faster. It will fail for Expt 3 because calcium carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate which is insoluble and forms a layer around the carbonate preventing further reaction OR

1 1 1

get full credit. Most students gave the definition of strong and weak acids which was irrelevant in this answer. Sometimes the definition itself was poorly phrased. Most answers merely stated that an insoluble salt was formed without explaining why it affects the expt.

1(1 repeating unit) 2 (2 repeating units)

Answers which did not give 2 repeating units were partially credited

(aii)

(aiii) (bi)

Ethanol has only one hydroxyl group hence it is unable to continue polymerisation once that hydroxyl group has reacted. C8H18 4C2H4 + H2 Energy taken in to break 4 N-H bonds = 4 391 = 1564 kJ Energy taken in to break 1N-N bond = 1 163 = 163 kJ Total energy taken in to break bonds = 1564 + 163 = 1727 kJ Energy given out to form2 H-H bonds = 2 436 = 872 kJ Energy given out to form 1 NN bond = 1 941 = 941 kJ Total energy given out to form bonds = 872 + 941 = 1813 kJ

Answers did not use key words such as hydroxyl group and polymerisation 1 eqn, 1 balanced Students who did not score for this question often did not write proper statements.

Enthalpy change = 1727 1813 = - 86 kJ (bii) The energy taken to break the bonds in N2H4 is less than the energy given out to form the bonds in H2 and N2

1 1(general) 1(mention reactant and products) Answers which did not mention the reactants and products were not credited with full. Often, students do not note the mark allocation to help them determine how detailed the answer should be