karl gustav iungi

1875 - 1961

Sveicarieli karl gustav iungi daibada Raribi

mRvdlis ojaxSi, magram naTesavebis daxmarebiT man SeZlo
eswavla bazelis saukeTeso gimnaziaSi. bavSvobidanve
gul­CaTxrobil iungs arasodes hyolia megobrebi, gare
samyaros Znelad egueboda da sakuTari azrebis samyaroSi
cxovrobda. igi Tavad iyo klasikuri magaliTi im tipisa,
rasac mogvianebiT `introverti~ uwoda.
1890 wels, ciurixis klinikaSi muSaobisas, iungi froidis ideebis mimdevari avtoris Sesaxeb

da misi Teoriis propagandisti gaxda. ver vityviT, rom iungisa da froidis

urTierToba yovelTvis megobruli iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi aRiarebda
froidis avtoritets da Tavis maswavlebladac Tvlida, mainc bevr sakiTxSi
ar eTanxnmeboda da 1913 wels maTi urTierToba sabolood dasrulda.
Tavad iungi froids aRiqvamda, rogorc tragikulsa da amave dros di­ad
pirovnebas. iungi ganxeTqilebis mizezad miiCnevda Tavis namuSevars `libidos
saxecvlilebebi da simboloebi~. iq, sadac froidi xedavda mxolod seqsualur
motivebsa da Zaladobisadmi ltolvas, iungi aRmoaCenda qaluri da mamakacuri
sawyisis Serwymas, agreTve individualuri da koleqtiuri faqtorebis ga­
dajaWvas. am cnebaTa sistemad gaerTianebis saqmeSi iungs daexmara saku­Ta­ri
kvlevebi kulturisa da religiis istoriaSi, aseve misi umdidresi fsi­qo­
Terapiuli praqtika.
iungis mixedviT arsebobs azrovnebis ori tipi _ logikuri da intuiciu­
ri. logikuri azrovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mimarTeba gare samyarosTan.
igi gansjiTa da gaazrebiT mimdinareobs, rac did Zalisxmevasa da nebisyofas
saWiroebs. pirvel rigSi masTan dakavSirebulia mecniereba, teqnika, in­
dus­­t­­­­ria, rac realobis kontrolis iaraRia. mxatvruli SemoqmedebisTvis,
mi­Tologiisa da religiisTvis ki aucilebelia adamianisTvis sruliad bu­
nebrivi warmosaxvis unari. aseTi azrovneba araxelsayrelia gare samyaros­
Tan SeguebisTvis, radgan igi scildeba realobas da gadadis fantaziisa da
ocnebis samyaroSi.
adamianis fsiqika aracnobieri da cnobieri procesebis erTobliobaa,
romlis elementebs Soris mudmivad xdeba energiis gacvla. Zvelad adamianebi
sizmars, halucinacias RvTis madlad miiCnevdnen, radgan am dros pirdapir
kontaqtSi SevdivarT koleqtiur aracnobierTan.

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iungi Tvlida, rom adamianis mier gancdili fsiqikuri gamocdileba uk­

valod ki ar qreba, aramed rCeba da vlindeba arqetipis saxiT, romliTac
motivirebulia adamianis qceva. arqetipebi erTgvari miTiuri saxeebia, rom­
lebic saerToa mTeli kacobriobisTvis. es arc Cveni mogonili saxelebia
da arc filosofiuri cnebebi. es sicocxlis nawilebia, xatebi, romlebic ga­
dajaWvulia emociebTan da cocxal adamianebTan.
iungma iseTi terminebi SemoiRo, rogoricaa `introverti” da `eqst­
raverti~. eqstravertebs axasiaTebs gaxsniloba gare samyarosTan, xolo
int­rovertebs piriqiT _ koncentrireba sakuTar Tavze es ukanasknelni ar
arian damokidebulni obieqtze. eqstravertebi da introvertebi _ mxolod
adamianTa ori tipia. isini xSirad gvxvdebian. maTi aRmoCena sakmaod iolia. Tum­
ca iungis mier SemoRebuli terminebi fsiqologiuri tipebis aRwerisaTvis ar
aris dogmaturi. magaliTad, mahaTma gandi iyo asketi (introverti), amave dros
politikosic (eqstraverti).
sicocxlis bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi iungis gankargulebaSi
iyo unikaluri darbazi Ria cis qveS lago maJoris maxloblad, sadac yo­
vel­w­liu­rad Tavs iyridnen mecnierebi mTeli msofliodan mravalferovani
moxsenebebiTa da diskusiebis gasamarTavad, romlebic exmianeboda iungis
mosazrebebs. sicocxlis bolo wlebTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelovane­si
Sro­mebi pirvelad swored am Sekrebebze warmoadgina samecniero sazogadoe­
bis winaSe.
iungi gardaicvala 1961 wlis 6 ivniss xanmokle avadmyofobis Semdeg.

avtoris Sesaxeb

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fsiqikuri Sinaarsis proeqcia

alqimiuri opus-i ara marto qimiur eqsperimentebs gani­xi­lavs, aramed fsevdo­qi­

miuri eniT im movlenebsac aRwers, romle­bic fsiqikur procesebs gvaxsenebs1. Zveli
alqimikosebi ase Tu ise erkveodnen qimiur procesebSi, amitom, albaT, isic unda scod­
nodaT, rom maTi saqmianoba, Cveulebriv, qimiasTan ar iyo dakav­Sirebuli. am gan­sx­
vavebis Sesaxeb codna kargad Cans pirveli saukuniT daTari­Rebuli fsevdodemokrites
traqtatis saTaurSi: „τα φυσικα και ταμυστικά“ (`fizikuri da „filosofiuri“). bolos da
bolos uamravi mtkicebuleba dagrovda imis Sesaxeb, rom alqi­miaSi arsebobs, Cveni
mosazrebiT, ori heterogenuli mimdina­reoba, romlebic erTmane­Tis paralelurad
viTardeboda. alqi­miu­ri „tam ethice quam physice“ (`rogorc „moraluri“, anu fsiqo­
lo­giuri, aseve fizikuri~) Cveni lo­gikiT Zneli asaxsnelia. Tu al­qi­mi­kosi qimiur
process simbolu­rad iyenebs, maSin risTvis sWir­deba retortebi da tigelebi? da
Tu is gvarwmunebs, rom qimiur procesebs aRwers, ratomRa amaxinjebs mas alqimiuri
simboloe­biT?
es winaaRmdegobani did Tavsatexs uCenda mraval ke­Til­sin­disier mowafes. er­­Ti
mxriv, alqimikosi acxadebs, rom sibrZnes gamiznulad malavs, raTa suleli da boroti
ar daeuflos oqros da ube­dureba ar daatexos Tavs kacTa modgmas; Tumca igive av­
tori, meore mxriv, iqve imaSic gvarwmunebs, rom sasurveli oqro Cveule­brivi oqro
(aurum vulgi) ki ar aris, rogorc es briyvebs hgoniaT, ara­med filosofiuri anda sulac
saswaulmoqmedi qva – „lapis invisibilitatis“ (uxilavi2), an „lapis aethereus“ (eTerulis msgavsi3),
an Znelad warmosa­d­geni, hermafrodituli Rebis (nax. 125). isini acxadeben, rom yvela
recepti siZulvils imsaxurebda.4 fsiqologiuri poziciidan nak­leb savaraudoa,
rom maT kacobriobaze zrunvis gamo miemarTaT mis­ti­fikaciisa da gasaidumloebis
meTodisTvis. sinamdvileSi, ro­gorc ki realurad raimes aRmoaCendnen, mTeli qveynis
gasagebad gahyvirodnen xolme. erTi ram faqtia: alqimikosebs qimiur meTo­debze cota
ram Tu SeeZloT gaendoT CvenTvis, miT ufro oqros damzadebis Sesaxeb.
mistifikacia wminda wylis blefia da aSkarad gulubryvi­loTa eqspluatacias
isaxavs miznad. is, rom saboloo jamSi alqimia SesaZ­loa mxolod am poziciidan
aixsnas, Cemi azriT, im faqts ewinaa­Rmde­geba, romlis Tanaxmadac mravali anonimuri

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avtoris mier sa­gul­­dagu­lod da detalurad damuSavebul traqtatebs sargebloba

ara­visTvis moutania. amgvari traqtatebis garda arsebobs aseve uam­ra­vi – TaRliTTa
da SarlatanTa avtorobiT gamocemuli – Txzu­lebac.

nax. 124. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi.

Mutus liber (1702)

mistifikacias SesaZloa sxva mizezebic gaaCndes. namdvil sai­dumlos gasaidu­

m­­­­­­lo­eba ar sWirdeba. is saidumlo enas iyenebs da mravalnairi suraT-xatebiT mis
ars­ze mianiSnebs. Cemi naTqvami vinmes pirad saidumlos ki ar gulisxmobs, roca
misi Sinaarsi mxo­lod saidumlos mflobelisTvis aris cnobili, aramed imgvar mis­
tifikacias, romlis sagani Tu sakiTxi „saidumloa“, mxolod qa­ra­g­muli naTqvamebiT
xdeba cnobi­li, sinamdvileSi ki absolu­turad ucnobia. masalis namdvili buneba
alqimikose­bis­Tvi­sac ucno­bi iyo da mis Sesaxeb mxolod orazrovani warmodgenebi
hqon­daT. sakvle­­vi masalis bundovan aspeqtSi, misi gaSuqebis mizniT, igi sakuTari
aracnobieris proeci­re­bas axdenda; ase rom, masalis sai­dum­los gamosaaSkaraveblad
meore saidumlos, anu uc­no­bi fsi­qikuri fonis, proecireba xdeboda: „obscurum per
obscurius, ignotum per ignotius“!* cxadia, es gamiznuli meTodi ki ar iyo, aramed sruliad
uneblie qmedeba.
proeqcia ar keTdeba, is TavisTavad xdeba. gare movlenebis bundovan aspeqtSi
adamiani sakuTar sulier an fsiqikur nawils aRmoaCens ise, rom TviTonac ver
acnobierebs. ase rom, Cemi azriT, mcdari iqneboda gamonaTqvamis „tam ethice quam physice“
Sesabamisobis TeoriiT axsna; me vityodi, es Teoria ufro proeqciis gancdis ra­ci­o­
nalizacias warmoadgens. sakuTar saqmianobas alqimikosi imi­tom ki ar asrulebda,
rom Sesabamisobis Teoriis swamda, is ubra­lod darwmunebuli iyo, rom idea fizikur
materiaSi arsebobda. Cemi azriT, alqimiis WeSmariti fesvebi ufro calkeul mkvle­va­
r­Ta personalur proeqciaSia saZebneli da ara filosofiur doqtri­nebSi. amiT imis

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Tqma mindoda, rom laborants qimiuri eqsperimentis Catarebisas raRac fsiqikuri

gancda eufleboda, rac mas qimiuri procesis gansakuTrebul „qcevad“ miaCnda. es
gancda rom TavisTa­vad masalasTan, rogorc aseTTan, ar iyo dakavSirebuli, cxadia,
amas is ver acnobierebda swored im mizezis gamo, rom es mxolod mis proeqcias
warmoadgenda. sakuTar proeqcias is masalis Tvise­bad miiCnevda; sinamdvileSi ki
alqimikosi sakuTar aracnobiers ikvlevda da am gziT bunebis Semecnebis isto­rias
imeorebda. cnobi­lia, rom mecniereba varskvlavebze dakvirvebiT daiwyo. adamianma
swored varskvlavebSi aRmoaCina sakuTari aracnobieris dominanti, e. w. „RmerTebi“
da zodiaqos ucnauri fsiqologiuri Tvisebani – proecirebuli Teoria xasiaTis
Sesaxeb. alqimiis msgavsad, astro­logiac proeqciis uZvelesi gamocdi­le­baa. msgav­
si proeqciebi yo­vel­Tvis meordeba iq, sadac adamiani ca­riel wyvdiads ikvlevs da
uneblieT sicarielis cocxali forme­biT Sevsebas cdilobs.

nax. 125. (mrgval) qaosze mdgomi merkuri – rogorc

hermafroditi mze da mTvare (Rebis).
Mylius, Philosophia reformata (1622)

davinteresdi, Tavad alqimikosebi rogor aRweren muSaobis procesSi gancdils.

mdidari masalis moZiebis imedi rom ar unda mqonoda, kargad vicodi: saqme xom
„aracnobier“gancdasTan mqon­da, ris gamoc misi zusti aRnusxva SeuZlebelia. Tumca
litera­turaSi mainc arsebobs TiTo-orola araorazrovani teqsti. sagu­lisxmoa, rom
gviandeli xanis teqstebi adrindelTan SedarebiT ufro detaluri da konkretulia.

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yve­laze ufro gviandeli germanuli traqtati „Abtala Jurain“5 1732 wliTaa da­Ta­ri­
Rebuli, sadac vkiTxulobT:

nax. 126. samyaros Seqmnis eqvsi dRe,romelic meSvide dRiT gvirgvindeba..

Hildegard von Bingen, Scivias (me-12 s.)

„aiRe didi raodenobiT Cveulebrivi wvimis wyali, ara umci­res aTi

kvartisa* da kargad Seinaxe Tavdaxurul minis WurWelSi ara um­ci­­res
aTi dRisa. wyali daileqeba. wminda wyali gadaasxi burTiviT mrgval xis
WurWelSi. burTi gadaWeri; aavse WurWlis mesamedi imave wyliT, Semdeg
gadgi SuadRis mzeze saidumlo an ganmartoebul adgi­las.
amis Semdeg aiRe erTi wveTi nakurTxi wiTeli Rvino da Caasxi wyalSi.
dainaxav, rom wylis zedapirze xSiri nisli gaCndeba, rogorc samyaros
Seqmnis pirvel dRes. Semdeg ori wveTi daamate da Sen ixi­lav sinaTles
wyvdiadidan. Semdeg da Semdeg, yo­vel TxuTmet wuTSi Caasxi 3, 4, 5 da bolos
6 wveTi da geyofa! sakuTari TvaliT dainaxav wylis zedapirze erTmane­
Tis miyolebiT sxvadasxva figu­rebs, ise rogorc samyaros Seqmnisas (nax.
126), da rogorc ki es yove­live mox­deba, Sen eziarebi saidumlos, eniT
gamouTqmels! am opera­ciis Sesru­lebamde muxli moidrike. dae, Senma
Tvalebma ixi­lon samya­ros Seqmna. Semdeg daacade naxevari saaTi da yve­
laferi gaqreba.

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nax. 127. merkuris gardasaxva cecxlSi.

Barchusen, Elementa chemicae (1718)

Sen Seicnob uflis saidumlos, damaluls Sengan, viTarca ba­v­Svis­gan,

gaigeb, ras werda mose samyaros Seqmnaze, ixilav adams da evas cdunebamde
da cdunebis Semdeg, gvels, xes, saidanac igemes maT nayofi misi, Seityob, sad
aris da ra aris samoTxe, romel sxeul­Si aRdge­bian mkvdre­TiT wmindanni, ara
iseTSi, adamisgan rom gver­go, ara­med im sxe­uliT, suliwmidiT rom mogveca
uflisagan Cvenisa zeciT boZebuli“.
„aiReT metalis Svidi naWeri. TiToeuli maTgani im planetis Sesabamisi
unda iyos, romlis saxelsac is atarebs. maTze gamosaxeT planetaTa sim­bo­
loebi. metalis naWrebs rosnobelis6 sisqe da sidide unda hqondes. mer­kuri
ki oTxi uncia* unda iyos da Tanac simbolos ga­reSe. Semdeg moaTavseT isini
sadnob tigelSi im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc caSi arian ganlagebul­ni. Cara­
zeT yvela fanjara, raTa sibne­lem daisadguros. Sua oTaxSi gaadneT isini da
daamateT kurTxeuli qvis Svidi wveTi. sadnobi tigelidan maSinve cecxlis
ali amovardeba (nax. 127) da mTel oTaxs moedeba (safrTxe nu Se­gaSinebs).
oTaxi ganaT­de­ba da misi naTeba mzisas da mTvarisas gadaaWarbebs. Tqvens
Tavze ga­­da­­­iWimeba cis TaRi, varskvla­vebiT moWedili cis msgavsad. plane­te­
bi or­bitis garSemo daiwyeben brunvas. Semdeg yvelaferi TavisTavad Sewy­de­
ba da TxuTmeti wuTis Semdeg TiToeuli Tavis adgils daubrun­deba“.

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Semdegi nawyveti mogvyavs Teobald de hogelandes (me-16 s.) traqtatidan:

„amboben, qvas sxvadasxva saxeli figuraTa im uCveulo mra­valferovne­

bis gamo daerqva, romelic muSaobis ganmavlobaSi Cndeba. xSirad maTTan
erTad ferebic gamoanaTebs, TiTqos RrublebSi an cecxlSi cxovelTa, rep­
tiliebisa Tu xeebis ucnaur figurebs vxedav­deT. msgavsi ram im wignSic
Semxvedria, moses rom miaweren. iq vkiTxu­lobT: „roca sxeuli iSleba, xan
ori toti Cndeba, xan – sami anda – metic, xan ki – reptiliebis figurebi. isec
momxdara, TiTqos es figu­ra adamiani yofiliyos, kaTedraze mjdomi.7“

nax. 128. hermes trismegistosi.

Senior, De chemia (1566)

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zemoT citirebuli teqstebi mowmobs, rom muSaobis process halucinaciebi da

xilvebi axlda, rac sxva araferia, Tu ara aracno­bieri Sinaarsis proeqcia. ho­gelandes
mohyavs aseve senioris cita­ta, sadac vkiTxulobT, nawerze ufro metad mniSv­nelovani
hermetu­li WurWlis xilvaao8 (gaugebaria, ras gulisxmobs igi „scriptura“-Si, – iqneb
magistrTa traqtatebSi WurWlis tradiciul aRwerilo­bas?). avtorebi sulier
Wvretasac axseneben, Tumca bundovania, ras gulisxmoben, – xilvas, am sityvis pir­
dapiri Tu metaforuli mni­Svne­lobiT? ai, ras vkiTxulobT „Novum lumen“-Si:9

„gaxadon xiluli CrdilSi mimaluli sagnebi da moacilon maT Crdili,

bunebis ZaliT (per naturam) brZen filosofosT Tu ZaluZT. yvela es sagani
warmoiqmneba, Tumca Cveulebrivi adamianis Tvali maT ver xedavs. gonebis
Tvali (intellectus) da warmosaxvis Zala ki maT WeSmariti rwmeniT ganWvrets
(visu)“.

raimund luliusi wers:

„Cemo sayvarelo Svilo! unda icode, rom buneba cvalebadia. ase rom,
uzenaes ZalTa gamoxmobisa (mag. familiaris-is) da sulieri eg­zal­taciis gareSe
SeZleb haerSi dainaxo urCxulebis, cxovele­bisa da adamianTa aTasgvari
formebi, RrubelTa msgavsad xan saiT da xan saiT rom miizlaznebian“10
(nax. 129).

dornTanac imaves vkiTxulobT:11

„Sinagani mzeriT (oculis mentalibus) igi SeZlebs ixilos uTvalavi naperwkali,

dRiTidRe ufro da ufro moelvare, kaSkaSa Suqad rom gardaiqmneba“.

fsiqologs ar eucxoeba, rom zogjer metafora haluci­na­ciad gadaiqceva. ho­

gelande (1594) Tavis biografiul CanawerebSi aRwers, rogor daifara „decoctio“-s
(duRilis) mesame dRes substan­ciis zedapiri ferebiT: „mwvaniT, wiTliT, nacrisfriT
da cisa­rtye­las molivlive ferebiT“. im dRis gaxsenebisas mudam vergi­liusidan
mohyavda xolme citata: „Ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error“ (`rogorc ki davinaxe,
daviRupe, myis borotma Secodebam Semipyro~). misi TqmiT, es cdomileba Tu optikuri
iluzia misi Sem­dgo­mi tanjva­­-wva­lebis mizezad iqca, radgan egona, rom cotac da
nigredo-s Secnobas SeZ­lebda. ramdenime dReSi ki RamiT cecxli Caqra da msgav­si fe­no­
meni aRaras­dros ganmeorebula.12 gamdnari metalis ze­da­pirze cisa­r­­tyelas moliv­
live ferebs halucinaciad ver mi­vi­CnevT, Tumca ki teqstSi aSkaraa avtoris gan­wyo­
ba, msgavsi ram gva­fi­qrebinos.

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nax.129. gavarvarebuli „prima materia“-dan personificirebuli „spiritus“-i aqroldeba.

Tractatus qui dicitur Thomae Aquinatis de alchimia (1520)

„Tractatus Aristotelis“-Si13 alqimiis fsiqologiis ukeT gasagebad Zalze sayuradRebo

adgili gvxvdeba:
„gveli yvela cxovelze cbieria; misi tyavis mSvenie­re­bis qveS gvelis
uwyinari saxe imaleba da iluziis Sedegad, roca is wyalSi iZi­reba, TandaTan
„materia hypostatica“-d gar­daqmnis Tavs. igi iq miwis Zalebs ikrebs da es misi
sxeulia. is uzomod svams, radgan mwyurva­lia, da simTvrale ekideba. is
bunebiT iJRinTeba da uerTdeba mas, raTa gaqres (decipere)“14.

gveli merkuria da, rogorc ZiriTadi substancia (hypostatica), „wyalSi“ warmoiqm­

nis Tavs, STanTqavs bunebas, uerTdeba ra mas (nax. 130); (mze, romelic merkuris
SadrevanSi Caesveneba; lomi, romelic mzes ylapavs (nax. 169); beia, romelic Tavis
sxeulSi gabrikuss gana­za­vebs). materias iluzia warmoqmnis, radgan alqimikosis
aracno­biers ase sWirdeba. es iluzia SesaZloa „vera imaginatio“ (`WeSmaritebis mauwye­be­
li gamosaxuleba~) yofiliyo, romelic „maformirebel“ Zalebs flobda.
xilvebi alqimiur saqmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli da al­baT am faqtiT unda
aixsnas is, rom sizmrebi da sizmriseuli xilvebi xSirad mniSvnelovan intermecod
da gamocxadebis wyarod saxelde­ba. ase magaliTad, nazari transmutaciis Sesaxeb
moZRv­rebas sami si­­zm­­ris formiT mosavs _ „Poliphile“-s15 aSkara analogiiT. klasikur
„Visio Arislei“16-sac msgavsi sizmris forma aqvs. ostanesic sizmarSi gamocxa­­debis for­
miT gvacnobs Ta­vis moZRvrebas.17 Tu am teqstebSi (rogorc se­niorTan da kratesTan)
sizmars da xilvas ZiriTadad li­te­­raturu­li forma aqvs, zosimesTan sizmriseuli
xilva ufro avTen­­tikuri xasia­Tisaa18. literaturaSi xazi esmeboda im faqts, rom
sanukvari „aqua permanens“-is Secnoba sizmarSi gamocxadebiT miiR­­weva.19 „prima materia“-c
da Tavad qvac, aseve misi damzadebis sa­idum­loc la­borants RmerTis mier gamo­cxa­de­

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bis meoxebiT eZle­o da. ai, ras ambobs lorenco ventu­ra 20: „cod­na am meTodis Sesaxeb
RvTiT boZe­b uli saCu­q ari an gamocdi­li ostatis miTiTebebia, yove­live es ki uf­l is
nebaa“. kunratis21 mosa­z re­b is Tanaxmad, „Chaos Na­turae“-is (=„prima materia“-s) damzadeba
sul ubralod da srul­y ofi­l ad SeuZlia TiTo­eul Cven­gans „RvTaebrivi xilvisa
da gamocxadebis ZaliT, misi mize­ze­bis kvlevisa da gansjis ga­re­Se“22. RvTaebrivi
gabrwyi­nebis auci­l eb­l obas hogelande imiT asabu­Tebs, rom qvis damzadeba ada­
mianuri gonebis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba23 da mxo­lod zebune­briv RvTaeb­r iv
cod­nas ZaluZs gansazRvros qvis war­moSobis dro24, radgan „ prima materia“-s mxolod
ufali flobs25. para­c elsusis Sem­dgomi epoqa ga­sxi­vosnebis wyarod „lumen naturae“-s
(bunebriv sinaT­l es) miiCnevs:

„Suqi ese aris bunebis WeSmariti Suqi, romelic na­Tels hfens RvTismoSiS
filosofosT, movlenilT ama so­f­lad. qve­yana ese ars mSvenieri da uflis
mosvlamde _ im bolo did dRem­de _ unda gavufrTxildeT. yovelives aRe­
mateba filo­sofosTa qva, magram sofelman ara uwyis ra mis Sesaxeb“26.

nax.130. merkuris gveli wyalSi, Sesabamisad, cecxlSi

sakuTar Tavs STanTqavs.
Barchusen, Elementa chemicae (1718)

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karl gustav iungi

mentaluri damokidebuleba OPUS-Tan

fsiqes alqimiur saqmianobasTan damokidebulebis ramde­nadme gansxvavebul

aspeqts warmoaCens Semdegi citata anonimuri avto­ris teqstidan27: „Cemi Txovnaa,
sulierebis TvaliT yura­dRebiT Se­xe­­do xorblis TavTavs, raTa Tavad SeZlo fi­
losofosTa xis darg­va“ da a. S.28 (nax. 131; aseve 135, 188, 189, 221 da sxv.). rogorc Cans,
es aris aqtiuri imaginaciis arsi, rasac sakuTriv procesi mo­h­yavs moqmedebaSi.

nax.131. merkuris isriT gangmiruli adami _ „prima materia“,

saidanac „arbor philosophica“ amoizrdeba.
Miscellanea d’alchimia (me-15 s.)

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

ai, ras wers dorneusi Tavis „Philosophia meditativa“-Si29: „meorisgan erTs verasdros
Seqmni, Tu Tavad Sengan ar Seqmeni erTi“. rasac alqimikosi „erTSi“ gulisxmobs30,
es yovelTvis „ostatia“, romlis erTobac opus-is dasrulebis aucilebel pirobad
aris miCneuli da, udavod, mis fsiqologiur pirobas gu­lisxmobs, rasac gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
„Rosarium philllosophorum“-Si31 vkiTxulobT:

„vinc marils da mis gamxsnels icnobs, is Zvel brZenTa sa­idumlo­sac

flobs. mimarTe gonebis Tvali marilisken, radgan mecni­ereba mxolod
masSia da Zvel filosofosTa keTilSobili saidum­lo codnac masSia dama­
r­xuli“.32

vinmes aq SesaZloa ormagi beWdviTi Secdoma evarauda, radgan saidumlo da ma­­ri­

li gverdigverd aris moxseniebuli. sxvaTa So­ris, „goneba“ da „marili“ monaTesave
cnebebia (cum grano salis)33. ase magaliTad, kunratTan marili ara mxolod dedamiwis
fizikuri centria, aramed „sal sapientiae“-c34 (sibrZnis marili). amis Sesaxeb is wers kidec:
„suli, grZnoba, goneba da azri mxolod marilisken mi­marTe35“. „Rosarium“-is anonimuri
avtori meore adgilas wers, rom opus-i unda Sesruldes „WeSmariti warmosaxviT da
ara fantastikuri warmodgenebiT“36 da iqve imasac dasZens: „roca maZiebels Zieba
tvir­­Tad daawveba, qvasac maSin ipovis“.37 albaT, es remarka imas unda niS­navdes, rom
fsiqologiuri piroba saswaulebrivi qvis aRmoCe­nis­Tvis gardauvalia.
orive miTiTeba gvavaraudebinebs, rom, avtoris Tvalsazri­siT, saidumlo adamianis
gonebaSia, anu Tu Tanamedrove eniT aRvwerT – aracnobierSi (nax. 132).
alqimkosebi namdvilad xvdebodnen, rom maTi saqme raRac saxiT adamianis fsi­
qesTan da mis funqciebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. ami­tom saTuod aRarc is meCvene­ba,
rom zemoT citirebuli nawyve­ti „Rosarium“-idan beWdviTi Secdoma ar aris, Tanac is
sxva avtorTa mosazrebebsac emTxveva. isini daJinebiT moiTxoven wignebis sa­gul­­
dagulo Seswavlasa da meditacias. movusminoT, ras wers rikardus ingliseli38 Tavis
„Correctorium fatuorum“-Si:
„visac am xelovnebis madlTan ziareba ganuzraxavs, bejiTad unda
ga­­niswavlos da Seisrutos WeSmariteba wignebidan da ara gamogonili
igavebidan an fuW saqmeTagan, radgan ar arsebobs sxva ram gza xelovnebis
dauflebisa (Tumca mravalia iluzia), Tu ara swavlis dasruleba da fi­
losofosTa sityvis Semecneba“ da a. S.39

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karl gustav iungi

nax.132. alqimiuri saqmis „saidumlo“ (anu aracnobieri) Sinaarsis

gamosaxuleba. centrSi qalis da zRvis mbrZaneblis (neptunis) kavSiri.
qvemoT marcxniv meTevze qalis figura moCans, marjvniv _ meTevzis saxiT
gamosaxuli ostati, romelic meluzinas iWers.
Multis liber (1702)

bernadus trevisanusi mogviTxrobs, Tu ra amaod iRvwoda wlebis manZilze manam,

sanam parmenides „sermo“-m „Turba“-Si swor gzaze ar daayena.40

hogelande41 wers:

„man unda Seagrovos sxvadasxva avtorTa wignebi, radgan maTi sxvagvarad

gageba SeuZlebelia; erTxel, orjer an samjer wakiTxuli wignebi ki ar

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

unda gadayaros, romc ver gaigos, aramed aTjer, oc­jer, ormocdaaTjer

da metjerac waikiTxos. bolos igi dainaxavs, umTavresad ra sakiTxSi
eTanxmebian avtorebi erTmaneTs da dafa­ruli WeSmaritebac es aris“ da a. S.

igive avtori imowmebs luliuss da gveubneba, rom umecrebis gamo adamiani ver
ganaxorcielebs saqmes, Tu ar Seiswavla uni­ver­saluri filosofia, rac mas sxvaTagan
dafarul codnas gau­mxels– „radgan Cveni qva Cveulebrivi ram ar aris, is Cveni, filo­so­
fosTa, gulisgulia“42. dionisius zaqariusi mogviTxrobs, rogor urCia vinme „religiosus
Doctor excellentissimus“-ma (RvTismosavma doqtorma), Tavi Seekavebina „sophisticationibus
diabolicis“-Si (satanur sofistikaSi) usargeblo varjiSebisgan da „vera materia“-s
gasacnobad Tavi mTlia­nad Zvel filosofosTa wignebis SeswavlisTvis mieZRvna. mZime
sa­so­warkveTilebis Semdeg igi Turme suliwmidis wyalobiT welSi gaimarTa, seriozuli
literaturis Seswavlas Seudga da fulis gamolevamde meditaciaSi aTen-aRamebda.
amis Semdeg labora­t o­r iaSi muSaobisas sami feri ixila, erTi wlis Semdeg ki
aRd­go­­ma dRes saswaulic moxda – „vidi perfectionem“* – kerZod: vercxlis wya­li mis
Tvalwin sufTa oqrod iqca: – „conversum in purum aurum prae meis oculis“ (rogorc amboben,
es ambavi 1550 wels moxda43).
es sruliad araorazrovnad miuTiTebs, rom alqimiuri saqme da misi mizani al­
qimikosis mentalur mdgomareobazea damokidebu­li. rikardus ingliseli uaryofs
yvela im sibinZures, riTac alqimikoss uxdeba samuSaos Sesruleba: kvercxis naWuWebs,
Tmebs, JRalTmiani kacis sisxls, basiliskos, matlebs, balaxeulobas da adamianis
gana­vals. „rasac dasTes, imas moimki. dasTes sibinZures, moimki sibinZu­res“.44
„Zmebo, nu SeaqcevT zurgs WeSmaritebas, rom­lis Sesaxebac ara­feri uwyiT; Tqvenive
sakeTildReod girCevT, SeiswavleT da iRva­­weT filosofosTa sityvebisaTvis da mas
WeS­ma­ri­tebas das­tyuebT“.45
gansjisa da gonierebis mniSvnelovnebasa da mis gardauval aucileblobas
ase daJinebiT ara marto im mizeziT esmeba xazi, rom aseTi rTuli samuSaos Ses­ru­
leba Cveulebrivze met gonierebas moiTxovs, aramed imitomac, rom adamianis go­
ne­bisTvis – rogorc maSin miaCndaT – niSandoblivia iseTi magiuri Zala, rasac ma­
teriis gardaqmnac ki ZaluZs. dorni, romelmac am problemas, anu adamiansa da
al­qimiur saqmes Soris damokidebulebas (nax. 133), araerTi saintereso traqtati46
miuZRvna, wers: „forma, radac adamia­nis goneba gvevlineba, aris dasabami, Suaguli
da dasasruli proce­sisa. es forma yviTeli feriT ganimarteba da mianiSnebs, rom
ada­miani spagiruli* opus-is uZiriTadesi da yvelaze didi formaa“47. dorni pirdapir
paralels avlebs alqimiur saqmesa da adamianis moralur-inteleqtualur gar­
daqmnas Soris.

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 „platonuri tetralogiis traqtatSi“, romlis laTinuri saxelwodeba ase JRers:
„Liber Platonis quartorum“48, winaswar aris gan­Wvre­tili es azri. avtori aq „mkvlevaris da­
saxmareblad“ oTxi „wignis“ Sesabamis oTx mwkrivs adgens:49

nax. 133. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi. procesis sxvadasxva safexuri.

qvemoT _ mze, romelic oqros yvavils badebs.
Mutus liber (1702)

322
 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

I. II.53 III. IV.

1. De opere naturalium 1. Elementum aquae 1. Naturaecompo­sitae 1. Sensus

(bunebriv sa­­­­­gan­Ta
Seqmnis Sesaxeb).
2. Exaltatio divisionis na-
turae
(bunebis na­wi­lTa
sidi­ade).50
3. Exaltatio animae
(sam­Svinvelis
si­di­­ade).51
4. Exaltatio intellectus
(gonebis sidi­ade).52
(wylis stiqia). (Sedgenili bu­ne­ba).
2. Elementum terrae 2. Naturae discre­tae
(miwis stiqia). (sxva­da­sxva­­gva­­­ri
buneba).
3. Elementum aëris
(haeris stiqia). 3. Simplicia
(mar­tivi sag­nebi).
4. Elementum ignis
(cecxlis sti­qia). 4. Aetheris sim­pli­­cioris 4. Res quam con­clu­­dunt
(ufro mar­ti­vi sagne­-
bi).
(grZnoba).
2. Discretio intellec­tualis
(gonis­mi­­eri ga­ns­ xva-­­
veba).
3. Ratio54
(goneba).
hi effec­tus praecedentes
(saqme, rome­lic misgan
ga­­momdi­nare moqmede
bas moicavs).55

oTxi mwkrivi opus-is oTx aspeqts gamoxatavs. pirveli hori­zontaluri mwkrivi

bunebrivi nivTierebebiT iwyeba. „prima materia“ warmodgenilia wylis saxiT. es Sedgenili,
anu Sereuli nivTie­re­bebia. meoTxe vertikalur mwkrivSi mas grZnobadi aRqma Se­
esabameba.
meore horizontaluri mwkrivi procesis ufro maRal safe­xurze miuTiTebs: pir­
vel vertikalur mwkrivSi Sedgenili nivTi­erebebi sawyis elementebad iSleba. meore­Si
miwa wyals gamoeyofa. mesame mwkrivSi aRwerilia kategoriebad dayofa, meoTxeSi ki mi­
Ti­Te­bulia dayofis fsiqologiuri aqti.
mesame horizontalur mwkrivSi progresi meti sicxadiT aris aRwerili: pirvel
vertikalur mwkrivSi suli gamoeyofa sagnebs; meoreSi eTerul sivrceSi maTi
amaRlebaa aRwerili; mesameSi pro­cesi „martiv“ nivTierebebs aRwevs da isini imis
wyalobiT, rom wmin­­­da sa­xiT arian warmodgenilni, maradiul, platonur ideebs
uaxlov­debian; meoTxeSi mocemulia finaluri zeasvla „mens“-idan „ratio“-mde, „anima
rationalis“-amde, anu sulis umaRles formamde.
meoTxe horizontalur mwkrivSi naCvenebia oTxive vertika­luri mwkrivis das­
ruleba.
pirveli vertikaluri mwkrivi: Tanamedrove termino­lo­giiT es mwkrivi „fe­no­
menologiuri“ bunebisaa. bunebriv movlena­Ta jams fsiqikuri elementebi gamoeyofa
da „exaltatio intellectus“-Si umaRles ganviTarebas aRweven. „intellectus“ SeiZleba ganvixiloT,
rogorc cno­bierebis umaRlesi mdgomareoba, riTac teqsts uxeSad ar dava­rRvevT.
meore vertikaluri mwkrivi: Zveli alqimiuri mosazrebis Tana­xmad, Tavda­
pirveli wylis qaosidan _ „massa confusa“-dan deda­miwa amoizrdeba; mis Tavze haeria
_ dedamiwis ze­d apiridan zemoT amava­li mfrinavi elementi. sul maRla cecxlia56,

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karl gustav iungi

yvelaze faqizi sub­s tan­c ia, anu cecxlovani pnevma57, romelic RmerTebis sauf­
lo­mde aRwevs58 (nax. 134; aseve 166, 178 da 200).
mesame vertikaluri mwkrivi: es mwkrivi cnebiTi, ideuri bune­bisaa da amitom
inteleqtualur gansjas Seicavs. ­Sedgenili nivTi­erebebi Semadgenel komponentebad
iSleba da „martiv“ substa­nciebad gardaiqmneba, saidanac sabolood kvintesencia –
martivi, pirveladi ideebi gamomdinareobs. eTeri – kvintesenciaa.59
meoTxe vertikaluri mwkrivi: es mwkrivi calsaxad fsiqo­logiuri bunebisaa.
grZno­ba ganapirobebs aRqmas; „discretio intellectualis“ apercefcias Seesabameba. es moqmedeba
„ratio“-s, „anima rationalis“-s eqvemdebareba, rogorc umaRles, adamianisTvis RvTis mier
boZebul unars. „anima rationalis“-s mxolod „sagani“ aRemateba – yvela winare moqmedebaTa
rezultati. „Liber quartorum“-Si „sagani“ ganmartebulia, rogorc „uxilavi, uZravi
Rmer­Ti60. misma nebam Seqmna goneba da gone­bidan (is unda gavigoT, rogorc <intellectus>)
warmoiSoba martivi samSvinveli61, romlisganac Sedgenili, rTuli buneba iqmneba. es
ki miuTiTebs, rom sagani mxolod masze aRmatebuliT Seimecneba. samSvinveli bunebas
aRemateba da mas Seimecnebs. goneba samSvinvelze maRla mdgomia da misi Semecnebac
mxolod gonebas xelewifeba, TviTon goneba ki masze ufro didiT Seimecneba, imiT, rac
uSualod RmerTs uaxlovdeba, xolo misi arsigonebis ZalisTvis miuwvdo­melia“*62.
ai, ras vkiTxulobT originalSi:

„…scias quod scientia antiquorum quibus appraeparatae sunt scientiae et virtutes, est quod res
ex qua sunt res est Deus invisibilis, et immobilis, cuius voluntate intelligentia condita est, et voluntate
et intelligentia63 est anima simplex, per animam sunt naturae discretae, ex quibus generatae sunt
compositae, et indicant quod res non cognoscitur, nisi per suum superius. Anima vero est super
naturam, et per eam cognoscitur natura, sed intelligentia est superior anima et per eam cognoscitur
anima, et intelligentia(m)64 noscit, qui65 superior ea est, et circundat eam Deus unus, cuius qualitas
apprehendi non potest“.

avtori teqsts urTavs citatas, romlis warmomavlobac, cxadia, CemTvis ucnobia:

„dialogebis wignSi avtori ambobs: <moviare sami zeca _ rTul bunebaTa, gansx­
vavebul bunebaTa da sulis zeca. roca go­ne­bis zecis Semovla ganvizraxe, sulma
miTxra: <es ar aris Seni gza. Semdeg bunebam macduna da mec vcdundi>. es sityvebi filo­
sofosma warmoTqva ara imis gamo, rom mecniereba ganemarta, mas bune­bis qmni­lebaTa
ganma­Tavisuflebeli Zalis cxadad warmoCena surda da ime­dov­nebda, rom procesis
sawyis stadiaTa Semecneba umaRlesi sta­­­diiT gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli“*. originalSi
vkiTxulobT:
„Et dixit philosophus in libro Dialogorum: Circuivi tres coelos, scilicet coelum naturae
compositae, coelum naturae discretae et coelum animae. Cum autem volui circumire coelum

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

intelligentiae, dixit mihi anima, non habes illuc iter, et attraxit me natura, et attractus sum. Hoc
autem dictum principale non posuit philosophus ad significandam hanc scientiam, sed quia voluit
ut sermones sui non vacarent manifestatione virtutis liberantis creaturam, et voluit per eos in hac
specie operis, ut cognoscatur praeparatio deterior per praeperationem superiorem“.

nax. 134. saturni, anu merkuri auzSi ganibaneba manam,

sanam suli TeTr mtreds (pneuma-s) ar moavlens.
Trismosin, Splendor solis

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karl gustav iungi

am marTlacda Zvel teqstSi, romelic me-10 saukuneze adrin­deli unda iyos, Tu

misi arabuli formiT vimsjelebT, xolo cal­keuli adgilebi ufro adrindel periods
unda ganekuTvnebodes, gvxvdeba „opus alchemicum“-sa da mis paralelurad mimdinare filo­
so­fiur-fsiqologiur procesebs Soris arsebul kavSirTa siste­muri klasifikacia.
teqsti ganmartavs, Tu ra Sesabamisobaa qimiur-materialur procesebsa da misi
Semmecneblis sulier-fsiqikur faqtorebs Soris. maT Soris arsebuli kavSiri imdenad
Rrmaa, rom masalidan miRebuli produqti „cogitatio“-d, azrovnebad iwodeboda.66 es
ucnauri mosazreba, albaT, imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom Zvel filo­sofosebs bundovani,
magram mainc garkveuli warmodgena hqondaT materiaSi fsiqikuri Sinaarsis proeqciis
Sesaxeb. adamiansa da masa­lis saidumlos Soris Rrma kavSiris gamo dornic da ufro
adrinde­li periodis „Liber quartorum“-ic moiTxovdnen, operatori Sesasru­lebeli
amocanis simaRleze mdgariyo, anu sakuTar TavSi igive procesi ganexorcielebina,
rasac materiisgan moiTxovda, radgan „sagnebis srulyofa misive msgavsiT aris
SesaZlebeli“. operators Tavad unda ganexorcielebina procesi (oportet operatorem
interesse operi). „Tu mkvlevari Sesasrulebel saqmes ar hgavs, verc im simaRles miaR­wevs,
rac ukve aRgiwereT da verc miznisken mimaval gzas daadgeba“67.
proeqciis Sedegad alqimikosis fsiqe saidumlo Tu garda­saqmne­li nivTierebis,
anu materiaSi gamomwyvdeuli sulis, iden­turi xdeba. „Liber quartorum“ gvirCevs, trans­
formaciisaTvis WurWlad „occiput“ (anu adamianis Tavis qalis ukana nawili) (ix. nax. 75)
gamo­viyenoT68, radgan iq goneba da inteleqtia69 (nax. 135). tvini, rogorc „RvTaebrivi
nawilis“ (partis divinae) adgilsamyofeli, alqi­mikoss proceduris Casatareblad
sWirdeba. „droTa ganmavlo­baSi sagnebi inteleqtad gardaiqmneba, radgan maTi nawilebi
Semad­genlo­biT da formiT erTma­neTs emsgavseba. tvini anima rationalis-Tan siaxlovis
gamo Senarevs emsgav­seba, anima rationalis-i ki sufTa da Senarevebis gareSea, rogorc ukve
mo­gaxseneT“.70
azrTa amgvar msvlelobas safuZvlad analogiis mizezobrivi Sedegi udevs. sxvag­
varad rom vTqvaT, pirveladi wyali sabolood iseve badebs cecxls, anu eTerul
subs­tancias, rogorc fsiqeSi grZnobadi aRqmis simravle – ideis erTianobasa da si­
sadaves. dor­ni wers: „adamianis sxeulSi farulad arsebobs metafizikuri nivTie­
reba da bevrisTvis is ucnobia. is aranair wamals ar saWiroebs, vinai­dan Tavad uman­
ko wamalia“. es wamali „sammagi bunebisaa: metafizi­kuri, fizikuri da moraluri“
(„mo­ralurs“ Tanamedrove eniT „fsi­qo­logiurs“ vuwodebT). dorni ganagrZobs: „yu­
radRebiani mkiTxve­li daaskvnis, rom adamiani filosofiuri moqmedebiT metafizi­
kuri mdgomareobidan fizikurSi gadainacvlebs“.71 es wamali sai­dumloebiT moculi
substanciaa da sxvagan dorni mas „veritas“-sac (WeSmaritebas) uwodebs:

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

nax. 135. Tavis qala evas `mortificatio~-s simbolo, romelic `prima materia~-
s qalur aspeqts ganasaxierebs. `arbor~-i adamis falosis Sesatyvisia (ix. nax.
131), aq ki xe avas Tavidan amoizrdeba.
Miscellanea d’alchimia (me-15 s.)

„bunebis sagnebSi raRac WeSmaritebaa, fizikuri TvalisTvis uxilavi

da mxolod gonebisTvis (sola mente) aRqmadi. filosofosebma Seicnes igi da
daadgines, rom mis Zalas saocrebaTa moxdena Za­luZs“.72 „am WeSmaritebaSia
sulis borkilebisgan gaTavisuf­le­bis xelovneba, iseve, rogorc gonebisa
(mens) – sxeulisgan“73. es Zala materiaSi iseTive saswauls axdens, rogorsac
rwmena adamian­Si. WeSmariteba uzenaesi Zala da auRebeli cixesimagrea, sadac
filo­sofosTa qva inaxeba.74

filosofiis SeswavliT adamiani am qvis mopovebis ostatobas eufleba da piriqiT:

Tavad es qvaa adamiani. dorni mogviwodebs: „ga­r­­­da­iqmeni mkvdari qvidan cocxal

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filosofiur qvad“,75 riTac aSka­rad miuTiTebs adamiansa da materiaSi im raRac

arsebulis identu­robaze.

beroald vervileli Tavis „Recueil stéganographique“-Si76 wers:

„Tu vinme fisis wveTis gamowurviT cremliviT gamWvirvale wveTis

miRebas moindomebs, am saqmes didi sifrTxiliT unda moeki­dos da maleve
ixilavs, rogor gamoeyofa alqimiur masalas cecxlis zemoqmedebiT msgavsi
substancia. rogorc ki substancias iisferi siSave gamoeyofa, is yvavilad,
alad, margalitad an Zvir­fasi qvis msgavs ramed gardaisaxeba. es procesi
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam si­TeTre ar warmoiqmneba, siTeTre, romelic
umSvenieres lalTa, anu maradiul qvaTa, keTilSobilebiT daifareba. sulis
WeSmariti cecx­li da filosofosTa sinaTlec swored es gaxlavT“.

zemoT citirebuli teqstidan sakmarisi sicxadiT Cans, rom alqimia uZvelesi

droidan orsaxovania: erTi mxriv, labo­ra­toriaSi Casatarebeli praqtikuli qimiuri
samuSao, meore mxriv ki fsiqo­logiuri procesi _ nawilobriv fsiqikuri, nawilob­
riv ki aracno­bieri, proecirebuli masalis transfor­maciul pro­cesebSi.
samuSaos dawyeba did Zalisxmevas ar saWiroebda. teqstSi vkiTxu­lobT: „samuSaos
Tavisufali, sufTa gonebiT unda Sevud­geT“.77 aucilebelia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
wesis dacva: „gonebasa (mens) da Sesasrulebel saqmes Soris sruli harmoniuli
Tanxvedra“.78 sxva teqstSi vkiTxulobT: „oqros gasagebad“ (aurea apprehensio) sulisa da
gonebis Tvali farTod unda gavaxiloT da im Sinagani SuqiT da­vakvirdeT da Sevimec­
noT, RmerTma imTaviTve Cvens gulebsa da bunebaSi rom aanTo.79
radgan mkvlevaris fsiqe saqmesTan ase Rrmad iyo dakavSi­rebuli _ ara rogorc
saSualeba, aramed rogorc misi warmomSobi mizezi da aTvlis wertili, _ ioli gasage­­
bi xdeba, ratom eqceoda esoden didi mniSvneloba laborantis fsiqikur mdgomareo­
ba­sa da mis mentalur pozicias. alfidiusi wers:80 „icode, mecnierebas ver daeuflebi,
Tu ar ganiwmindebi da RvTis winaSe marTali ar ward­gebi, gulidan ki ukeTurebas ar
aRmoifxvri“. hermetuli sibrZnis saganZuri, „Aurora consurgens“-is Tanaxmad, ToTxmeti
Zi­riTadi saTnoebis safuZvelze dgas, esenia: janmrTeloba, Tviniereba, siw­min­de,
umanko­eba, Zala81, gamarjveba, rwmena, imedi, siyvaruli (caritas), siqvele (benignitas), moT­
mineba, zomiereba, sulieri disciplina 82 da morCileba.
fsevdoTomas dasaxelebul traqtatSi mohyavs citata, sadac vkiT­xulobT: „gan­
devne wyvdiadi gonebidan“83 da iqve Zveli alqi­mi­­kosis senioris im frazas ixsenebs,
sadac is „nigredo“-sa da „dealbatio“-ze saubrobs.84 aq „Cveni gonebis sibnele“ „nigredo“-s, „Sa­

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vis“ identu­ria (nax. 34, 48, 115 da 137), anu alqimiuri procesis sawyis stadias avtori
sakuTar fsiqologiur mdgomareobad aRiqvams.
„Rosarium“-i gvamcnobs, rom wina epoqis didi avtoriteti geberi Tavis „Liber perfecti
magisterii“85-Si ostatisgan Semdeg fsiqologiur da zneobriv Tvisebebs moiTxovs: is unda
iyos sazriani da metalebisa Tu mineralebis Sesabamis codnas flobdes, moqnili da ara
tlanqi, arc Zunwi unda iyos, an xarbi da gaubedavi, meryevi xasiaTis, arc sulswrafi
da arc avyia. is unda iyos mtkice, Seupovari, WirTamTmeni, rbili da keTilgonieri.
„Rosarium“-is avtori gvaZlevs im TvisebaTa CamonaTvals, ro­melic mas am mec­nie­
rebebisa da xelovnebis dauflebis gzaze garda­uval pirobad miaCnia. ostati unda
iyos: Tavmdabali, RvTismosavi, gulmarTali, ganswavluli, kacTmoyvare, mxiaruli
znisa da sasi­amovno gamometyvelebiT. Semdeg avtori wers: „sayvarelo Svilo, iyavi
RvTismoSiSi da Sen miiReb misgan wyalobas“86.
gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia morienusis „xelovnebis Sesa­va­li“, sadac igi kalids 87
ganumartavs:

„rasac Sen eZeb, arc ZaliT moipoveba, arc vnebiTa da JiniT, aramed
moT­minebiT, rudunebiT, wrfeli da namdvili siyvaruliT. morwmuneT da
RvTismsaxurT ufali aziarebs RvTaebriv da wminda mecnierebas88“ (Semdegi
nawili am codnis mowafeTaTvis gadacemis meTodebs exeba). „uflis rCeulni
eZieben mecnierebas, kacTaTvis dafaruls. es mecniereba ganaridebs ostats
ama qveynis tanjvi­sagan da momavali bednierebisken waruZRveba89~ (nax. 136).
„roca mefem morienuss hkiTxa, ratom cxovrobda mTebsa da udab­noSi da
ara monasterSi, man miugo: darwmunebuli var, rom monastrebSi da berebTan
simSvides vpoveb, mTebsa da udabnoSi – damqancvel samuSaos, magram Tu ar
dasTes, verc moimki. viwroa myudroebisken mimavali gza, es gza ki sulieri
tanjviT moipoveba“.90

ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom morienusi RvTaebriv xelovnebasa da Tavis saqmes

gulisxmobs. imaves gulisxmobs miqael maieri: „qimi­aSi arsebobs raRac keTilSobi­lu­
ri sxeuli, romelic dasawyisSi ZmarTan gansacdelSi vardeba, bolos ki sixaruli da
mxiaruleba mo­icavs. vfiqrob, mec ase melis: jer siZnele, dardi da daRliloba, Semdeg
ki sixaruli da simsubuqe“.91
igive avtori irwmuneba, rom „qimia ostatSi zeciuri madlis Sesaxeb fiqrs aRZ­
ravs“92 da uflis mier misteriebSi xeldasxmulT „fuWi sadardeblisgan – saWmelze,
tansacmelze zrunvisgan _ aTa­­vi­suflebs. isinic, TiTqos meored daibadneno, ise
grZnoben Tavs“.93

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karl gustav iungi

siZnele, dardi da varami, romelsac ostati dasawyisSi awyde­ba, „nigredo“-s

– „Cveni gonebis SemaZrwunebeli wyvdiadis“ – iden­turia, romlis Sesaxebac „Aurora
consurgens“-i gvamcnobs; es ki igivea, rac morienusis sulieri tanjva – „afflictio
animae“. termini, riTac is adeptTa pozicias axasiaTebs – amor perfectissimus (srul­
yofili siyvaruli), muSaobisas arnaxul erTgulebas gamoxatavs. Tu „seria meditatio“
(seriozuli koncentracia) ubralo monaWori ar aris – amgvari varaudisTvis ki
araviTari safuZveli ar gagvaCnia, – maSin unda warmovidginoT adepti, romelic
uCveulo gulis­yuriTa da WeSmariti religiuri gznebiT aRasrulebs Tavis saqmes
(ix. qvemoT). saqmisadmi aseT uangaro morCilebas sakvlev obieqtSi Rirebu­le­baTa
da azrTa proecireba mohyveba da mas im formebiTa da figu­rebiT Seavsebs, romlis
saTavec umTavresad mkvlevaris aracno­bierisken ­migviTiTebs.

nax.136. RmerTi Suqs hfens ostats.

Barchusen, Elementa chemicae (1718)

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

meditacia da warmosaxva

zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazreba alqimiur terminTa _ „medi­datio“-sa da „imaginatio“-

s _ TaviseburebiT mtkicdeba. 1612 wliT daTa­ri­Rebuli rulandis „Lexicon Alchemiae“
Semdegnairad gan­sazRvravs „meditatio“-s:94 sityva „meditatio“ maSin gamoiyeneba, roca ada­
miani Sinagan dialogs marTavs vinmesTan, vinc uxilavia: RmerT­Tan, sakuTar TavTan an
mfarvel angelozTan“ (nax. 137). „Sinagani dialogi“ fsiqolo­gisTvis kargad nacnobi
Temaa.95 rulandiseuli ganmarteba Semdeg­na­irad unda gavigoT: roca alqimikosi
„meditari“-ze saubrobs, is sakuTar TavSi mopasuxe „viRac sxvis“ xmasTan, anu aracnobier­
Tan cocxal damoki­debu­lebas gulisxmobs da ara ubralod gansjas. termini medita­
cia hermetul dictum-Si: „yovelive warmodgeba erTisgan, erTis meditaciiT“, alqimiur
enaze im Sinagan dialogs gulisxmobs, romlis meoxebiTac xdeba saganTa manifes­

nax.137. alqimikosi meditaciis, anu „nigredo“-s mdgomareobaSi.

Jamsthaler, Viatorium spagyricum (1625)

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karl gustav iungi

tacia, anu maTi aracnobieri mdgo­ma­re­obidan aqtiur mdgomare­obaSi gadasvla. ai, ras
vkiTxulobT fi­laletes traqtatSi:96 „Cveni qva – ukve srulqmnili, ukve mza srul­
qmnili tinqturis dasamzadeblad, sakuTar Tavs nebiT daimdablebs da manipulacia­
Ta miuxedavad, axali aqroladobisTvis meditacias mimarTavs. es saocreba ki
yovelives aRemateba“.97 traqtatis Semdegi nawilidan vigebT, rac „aqrola­do­
bisTvismeditaciaSi“ igulisxmeba: „igi nebayofilobiT gadneba… uf­lis nebiT ki suliT
aRivseba, ze­afrin­­­deba da qvasac Tan waiyo­liebs“.98 „meditacia“ aqac RmerTTan Sina­
gan dialogs gulisxmobs, romlis SemweobiTac qva suliT ganimsWva­­­leba, anu metad
gasuli­erdeba, aqroldeba an sublimirdeba (nax. 178). imaves wers kunratic:

`Seiswavle, mimarTe meditacias, iRvawe, imuSave, moxarSe… sam­yaros Zis

gulidan gadmomdinare ganmkurnebeli nakadiT ganiba­nebi. wyali, diadi
samyaros Zis sxeulidan da gulidan gadmomdinare, aris WeSmariteba da Aqua
Vitae…99“

aseve, zemoT naxsenebi „meditatio caelestium bonorum“-ic („meditacia zeciuri wyalobis

Sesaxeb“) unda gavigoT, rogorc aracnobieris dominantTan cocxali, dialeqtikuri
kavSiri. XVII-XVIII saukuneebis frangi alqimikosis traqtatSi gvxvdeba mtkicebuleba
imisa, rac ukve mogaxseneT.100 avtori wers:

„ra xSirad mixilavs isini (sacerdotes Aegyptiorum)*, Cemi gonebis sixarulis

momgvrelni. rarig alersiani amboriT masaCuqrebdnen, raTa Semecno
WeSmariteba orazrovani da absurduli moZRvrebisa. xSirad matkbobdnen
gardasul droTa sibrZniT, mSvenieri aRmoCenebiT, Cemi TvalebisTvis da
xelebisTvis ki hermetuli WurWeli – salamandra – ugrZnobinebiaT (nax. 138;
aseve 129, 130), savse mTvare da amomavali mze unaxvebiaT“.

miuxedavad imisa, rom es traqtati alqimiis renesansul epoqas aRwers da ara

pirad gamocdilebas, mainc saucxood gviCvenebs im damo­kidebulebas, rac alqimi­­koss
sakuTari opus-is fsiqologiur struqturasTan gaaCnda. Magisterium-is namdvil saidum­
los fsiqes uxi­lav ZalebTan kavSiri warmoadgenda. am saidumlos gamosaxatavad
ki Zveli ostatebi alegoriul enas mimarTavdnen. am tipis uZvelesi teqstia „Visio
Arislei“101, romelmac Semdgomi xanis literaturazec udi­de­si gavlena iqonia. Tavisi
xasiaTiT traqtati did msgavsebas avlens aracnobieris CvenTvis kargad nacnob sizm­
rebis seriasTan (ix. qvemoT).

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

nax.138. merkuris suli, rogorc „prima materia“, cecxlSi moTamaSe salamandras saxiT.
Maier, Scrutinium chymicum (1687)

ukve mogaxseneT alqimiur „opus“-Si „meditatio“-sa da „imagination“-s gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. „Rosarium“-is im yuradsaReb adgilebsac gavecaniT, saidanac
SevityveT, rom alqimiuri saqme WeS­mariti „imaginatio“-Ti unda Sesruldes; isic Se­
vityveT, rogor SeiZ­leba gaizardos filosofiuri xe WvretiTa da azris ZaliT (nax.
131, 135). modiT, rCevisTvis kvlav rulandis leqsikons mivmarToT da vnaxoT, rogor
warmoedginaT alqimikosebs „imaginatio“.
rulandi wers: „warmosaxva aris Tanavarskvlavedi adamianSi102, zeciuri an ze­
zeciuri sxeuli mis wiaRSi“. es ucnauri ganmarteba Tavisebur Suqs hfens „opus“-Tan
dakavSirebul fantastikur pro­cesebs. es procesebi unda ganvixiloT ara rogorc
mkvdari, arama­terialuri sqema, rogoradac fantaziis suraT-xatebi warmogvid­
genia, aramed rogorc sanaxevrod sulieri, sxeulebriv-materi­aluri, faqizi
„corpus“-i (nax. 139). im epoqaSi, roca empiriuli fsi­qo­lo­gia jer kidev ar arsebobda,
amgvari konkretika ar unda gva­kvir­vebdes. materiaSi proecirdeba gaaqtiurebuli
aracno­bieri, anu is adamians garedan uaxlovdeba. es aris orbunebovani, nawi­lobriv
sulieri, nawilobriv ki fizikuri fenomeni, erTgvari kon­­kre­tizacia, iseTi, ro­go­

333
karl gustav iungi

nax.139. hermesi gamoixmobs frTosan suls.

saflavSi aRmoCenili zeTis Sesanaxi antikuri WurWeli (lekiTosi)

ric primitivebis fsiqologias axasi­aTebs. maSasadame, „imaginatio“, anu warmosaxva aris

fizikuri aqtivoba, romelic iwvevs materialur cvlilebas, zemoqmedebs masze an
ga­nic­­dis mis zemoqmedebas. amgvarad, alqimikoss ara marto sakuTar aracnobierTan
hqonda kavSiri, aramed uSualod materiasTan, rom­lis gardaqmnasac igi warmosaxvis
ZaliT eswrafvoda. ucnauri ga­moTqma „astrum“ (Tanavarskvlavedi) paracelsusis
ter­minia da am konteqstSi raRac „kvintesenciis“ msgavss unda niSnavdes103. ase rom:
„imaginatio“ warmoadgens sasicocxlo fizikur da sulier ZalTa koncentracias. aqedan
gamomdinare, absoluturad gasagebi xdeba moTxovna alqimikosis janmrTeli fizi­
kuri konstituciis Sesaxeb: is xom sakuTar kvintesenciasTan erTad da misi meoxe­biT
muSaobda da Tavisive eqsperimentis gardauval pirobas warmoadgenda. fizi­kur da
fsiqikur fenomenTa Serevis gamo mudam bundovani rCe­boda, ra ufro did gavlenas
axdenda alqimiuri procesis saboloo transformaciaze: materialuri Tu suli­eri.
ise ki, sakiTxis amgva­ri dasma TavisTavad arasworia, radgan im epoqaSi „an-an“ ar ar­

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

se­bobda. arsebobda mxolod Sualeduri sivrce masalasa da gonebas Soris, kerZod:

faqiz sxeulTa fsiqikuri sivrce104, romlis Tvi­sebebic SesaZloa mentaluradac
gamovleniliyo da materialu­radac. es aris erTaderTi, rac alqimiur absurds azrs
sZens. cxadia, Sualeduri sivrce maSinve qreba, rogorc ki yovelgvari proeqciis
gareSe sakuTriv masalis kvlevas viwyebT, faqiz sxeulTa Suale­duri sivrce ki ma­nam
ar arsebobs, sanam gvjera, TiTqos mate­riisa da fsiqes Sesaxeb raime gagvegeba. ro­gorc
ki fizika „xelux­lebel, miukarebel“ sferos Seexeba, fsiqologia ki iZulebulia,

nax.140. ostati „soror mystica“-sTan erTad, romelsac xelSi alqimiuri

saqmis gasaRebi uWiravs. igi ganasaxierebs mzes da mTvares.
Tractatus qui dicitur Thomae Aquinatis de alchimia (1520)

335
karl gustav iungi

pirov­nuli aracnobieris sxva fizikuri formebic aRiaros, anu gauval wyvdiads

awydeba, Sualeduri sivrce Tavidan cocxldeba da fizi­kuri da fsiqikuri ganuyofel
erTianobad mTliandeba. dRes swored am gadamwyvet moments mivuaxlovdiT. am da
msgavs mosaz­rebebs ver gaveqceviT, Tu metad Tavisebur alqimiur termi­no­logiaSi
garkveva gangvizraxavs. warsulSi alqimiis „cdomi­le­baze“ saubari dRes ukve
moZvelebuli formaa, radgan misi fsiqo­logiuri aspeqti mecnierebas axal amoca­nebs
usaxavs. alqimiaSi metad Tanamedrove problemebi ar­se­bobs, gadaWris gzebi ki sul
sxva sfero­Sia saZiebeli da ara qimiaSi.
„imaginatio“-s cneba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia „opus“-is arsis wvdo­misTvis. traq­
tat „De sulphure“-s105 anonimuri avtori mogviT­xrobs sulis warmosaxviTi unaris Sesaxeb
da cdilobs, gangvi­mar­tos xe­lov­­nebis saidumlo, anu is, rac alqimikosebma ver SeZles.
igi wers, rom suli RmerTis adgilas imyofeba (sui locum tenens seu vice Rex est) da wminda
sisxlSi, sasicocxlo sulSi binadrobs. igi warmar­Tavs go­ne­bas106, es ukanaskneli ki _
sxeuls. suli sxeulSi moqmedebs (operatur); magram misi funqciis (operatio) didi nawili ara
sxeulSia, aramed mis gareT (me ki davumatebdi – proeqciaSi). es Tviseba RvTa­ebrivia,
rad­gan RvTaebrivi sibrZne samyaros sxeulSi mxolod na­wilobriv imyo­feba, udidesi
nawili ki mis gareT Zevs. warmoidgine ufro maRa­li ierarqiis sagnebi, vid­re maT
Semecnebas (concipere) samyaros sxeuli SeZlebda. yovelive es bunebis miRmaa – RvTis
saidumloa. sulic amis magaliTia. sxeulis gareT mas uRrmes saganTa (profundissima)
warmo­saxvis unari Seswevs. cxadia, mxolod gonebaSi107 xdeba is, risi warmo­saxvac suls
ZaluZs, uflis mier warmosaxuli ki realobaSi gansxeul­deba. „suli absolutur da
damoukidebel Za­las flobs (absolutam et sepa­ra­tam potestatem) saimisod, rom sxvagvarad
moiqces (alia facere), vidre es sxeuls SeuZlia aRiqvas. Tu sulma ineba, sxeulze did
Zalas iqoni­ebs (potestatem in corpus). sxvagvarad Cveni filosofosebis Zalisxmeva amao
iqnebo­da. Sen SeZleb didebul sagan­Ta SegrZnebas, radgan Cven karibWe gagiReT“.

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 analizuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi

meore leqcia

Zvirfaso qalbatonebo da batonebo, guSin Cveni cnobierebis furclebi mi­

movixileT. dRes minda bolomde miviyvano fsiqikis struqturis problemis gan­xil­
va. adamianis fsiqikis Sesaxeb msjeloba sruli ar iqneboda, aracnobieri procese­
bis arseboba rom mxedvelobidan gamogvrCenoda. neba miboZeT mokled SegaxsenoT,
razedac guSin saRamos vsaubrobdiT.
aracnobier procesebs uSualod ver mivudgebiT, _ maTze xeli ar migviwvdeba.
maTi uSualo aRqma SeuZlebelia, isini mxolod TavinT SedegebSi vlindebian da, am
SedegTa specifikuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, vaskvniT, rom maT miRma unda
iyos raRac, saidanac isini saTaves iReben. am bnel sferos Cven aracnobier fsiqi­kas
vuwodebT.
cnobierebis eqstofsiqikuri Sinaarsebi, pirvel rigSi, garemos zegavlene­biT,
fizikur SegrZnebiTi aRqmebis monacemebiT sazrdooben. magram arsebobs iseTi
Sinaarsebic, romlebic sxva wyaroebidan iReben dasabams, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mex­
siereba da gansjis unari. eseni endofsiqikur sferos ganekuTvnebian. cnobierebis
Sinaarsebis mesame wyaro ki fsiqikis bneli samyaroa, aracnobieri. aq Cven endofsiqikuri
funqciebis Taviseburebebs vawydebiT. isini im mediums warmoadgenen, romlis
meSveobiTac aracnobieri Sinaarsebi cnobierebis zedapirs aRweven.
ase rom, aracnobier procesebs pirdapir ver davakvirdebiT. maTi is produqtebi
ki, romelnic cnobierebis zRurbls gadalaxaven, or kategoriad SegviZlia davyoT.
pirveli kategoria im masalas moicavs, romelic Seicnoba rogorc ueWvelad pirov­
nuli warmoSobisa; es Sinaarsebia pirovnuli monapovrebi anda instiqtur movlenaTa
produqtebi, romlebic mTliani pirovnebis sakuTrebaa. Semdgom, aqve Sedis daviwyebuli
Tu gandevnili, aseve SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsebi. yovelive amaSi gansakuTrebuli
da saocari araferia. zogs SeiZleba eseni gacnobierebuli hqondes, sxvebTan ki
aracnobierSia CaZiruli. zogma iseTi ram icis, rac sxvebisTvis ucnobia. SinaarsTan
am kategorias me qvecnobier fsiqikas anu pirovnul aracnobiers vuwodeb, radganac
is, ramdenadac SegviZlia ganvsajoT, mxolod da mxolod pirovnuli elementebisgan

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karl gustav iungi

unda iyos Sedgenili, elementebisgan, romlebic mTlianobaSi adamianis pirovnebas

(Persoenlichkeit) qmnian.
Semdgom, arsebobs aSkarad gaurkveveli warmomavlobis Sinaarsebi, yovel SemTx­
vevaSi, iseTi warmoSobisa, pirovnul monapovrad rom ver CaiTvleba. am Sinaarsebs erTi
TvalSisacemiTavisebureba aqvT _ miTologiuri xasiaTisani arian. maT Semyures iseTi
StabeWdileba gvrCeba, TiTqos isini calkeuli pirovnebis ki ara, aramed ufro mTeli
kacobriobis kuTvnilebas warmoadgenen. rodesac pirvelad wavawydi amgvar Sinaarsebs,
gunebaSi vifiqre, memkvidreobiTobas xom ar efuZnebian-meTqi, da azrad momivida, rom
maTi axsna nacionaluri an rasobrivi memkvidreobiT iqneboda SesaZlebeli. am sa­kiT­
xis naTelsayofad amerikaSi gavemgzavre, wminda sisxlis zangTa sizmrebi Seviswavle
da davadgine, rom es xatebi arc e.w. sisxliT, anda rasobriv memkvidreobasTanaa rame
kavSirSi da arc calkeul adamianTa pirovnuli monapovaria. isini mTeli kacobriobis
kuTvnilebaa, da amitom koleqtiuri bunebisani arian.
am ZiriTadad koleqtiur nimuSebs me arqeTipebi vuwode, avgustineseuli ga­mo­
T­q­mis mixedviT. arqetipi warmoadgens typo-s (gamokveTils rasme), arqauli xasiaTis
mkacrad SemosazRvrul struqturas, romelic rogorc formiT, ise mniSvnelobiT
miTologiuri motivebis Semcvelia. wminda saxiT miTologiuri motivebi zRaprebSi,
miTebSi, legendebsa da folklorSi gvxvdeba. yvelaze cnobil motivTagan SegviZlia
davasaxeloT: gmiri, mxsneli, drakoni (romelic yovelTvis dakavSirebulia mis
mZle­vel gmirTan), gveleSapi anda devi, romelic gmirs nTqavs. gmirisa da drakonis
saxecvlili variantia katabazisi, jojoxeTSi Casvla, nekiia. (albaT gexsomebaT `odi­
sea~ – dan is adgili, roca odisevsi adinferos Cadis, raTa tirezia, naTel­m xil­
ve­li, gamohkiTxos). nekiias es motivi yovel nabijze gvxvdeba antikur samyaroSi
da faqtiurad mTel msoflioSi. is aracnobieri fsiqikis Rrma fenebis cnobiere­
bis introversiis fsi­q ologiur movlenas gamoxatavs. am fenebidan upirovno,
miTologiuri xasiaTis Sinaarsebi amodian, anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ar­q e­
tipebi, da amitomac vuwodeb me maT upirovno anu koleqtiur aracnobiers.
cxadia, aq koleqtiuri aracnobieris am calke problemis mxolod konturebs Tu
movxazavT, isic _ gakvriT. magram mogiyvanT magaliTs koleqtiuri aracnobieris
simbolikisa da masTan Cemi midgomis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb, raTa SeZloT misi
gansxvaveba pirovnuli aracnobierisagan. amerikaSi rom mivdiodi zangebis arac­
nobieris sarkvlevad, TavSi es kiTxva mitrialebda: ZiriTadi koleqtiuri ni­muSebi
rasobrivi memkvidreobaa Tu `warmosaxvis aprioruli kategoriebi~- meTqi, rogorc
maT orma frangma, iuberma da mosma, Cemi gamokvlevebisagan damoukideblad uwoda.
da ai, iq erTi zangi miyveba sizmars, romelSic borbalze gakruli kaci fi­gurirebs.
mTel sizmars ar mogiyvebiT _ araa amJamad amis aucilebloba. mas, raRa Tqma unda,

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pirovnuli mniSvnelobac hqonda da upirovno warmodgenebis daRic aCnda, magram

amjerad mxolod am ukanasknel motivs gamovyof. Zalze umecari samxreTeli zangi
gaxldaT; arc inteleqtiT gamoirCeoda da arc araferi. zangTa ganTqmul religi­
ur xasiaTs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, jvarze gakruli kaci rom dasizmreboda, _ kidev
ho, moulodneli ar iqneboda, jvars pirovnuli gamocdilebis monapovrad CavTv­li­
diT, borbalze gakruls Tu ixilavda, vin ifiqrebda! es Zalze uCveulo xatebaa. ra
Tqma unda, ver dagimtkicebT, rom am zangs SemTxveviT aseTi suraTi ar enaxa an rom
Tavis dReSi msgavsi araferi smenoda, da rom es ar Cahyva ZilSi. magram Tuki mas am
warmodgenis nimuSi ar gaaCnda, maSin saqme arqetipul xatebasTan gvqonia, _ borbalze
gakvra xom miTologiuri motivia. es swored is, ZvelTaZveli mzis borbalia, da
jvarcma mzis RmerTis gulis mosalbobad Sewiruli msxverpli gaxldaT, iseve ro­
gorc adre miwis nayofierebis gasazrdelad adamianebsa da cxovelebs swiravd­­nen
xolme. mzis borbali gansakuTrebiT arqauli da, iqneb, saerTod uZvelesi religiuri
warmodgenac kia. rodeziuli qandakebebis Seswavlisas misma kvalma mezoliTur da
paleoliTur xanamdec ki SeiZleba migviyvanos. magram namdvili borblebi mxolod
brin­jaos xana­Si arsebobda; paleoliTSi borbali jer kidev ar iyo gamogonili. Cans,
rodeziuli mzis borbali imave epoqidanaa warmomdgari, romelsac cxovelTa zogi
Zalze natiralisturi gamosaxuleba ganekuTvneba, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ganTqmuli
tkipebiani martorqa, dakvirvebulobis Sedevri. ase rom rodeziuli mzis borbali
pirvandel xilvas warmoadgens; albaT, is mzis arqetopuli xatebaa. magram is ar aris
naturalisturi xasiaTisa, radganac oTx an rva segmentadaa xolme dayofili (sur. 3).
danawqevrebuli wris xateba simboloa, romelsac kacobriobis mTel istoriaSi, aseve

sur. 3. mzis borbali

rogorc Tanamedrove adamianTa sizmrebSi, vawydebiT. sruliad SesaZlebelia, namdvi­

li borblis gamogoneba am xilvas emyarebodes. mravali Cveni aRmoCena miTologiur
anticipaciebsa da uZveles warmodgenebs efuZneba. ase, magaliTad, alqimiis xelovneba
Tanamedrove qimiis dedaa. Cveni cnobieri, mecnieruli suli aracnobierSi yalibdeba.

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im zangis sizmarSi borbalze gakruli kaci gameorebaa berZnuli miTologiuri

motivisa iqsionis Sesaxeb, romelic RmerTTa da kacTa SeurawyofisaTvis zevsis
mier marad mbrunav borbalze iqna gakruli. miTologiuri motivis es magaliTi, ub­
ralod, imisTvis mogiyvaneT, rom koleqtiuri aracnibieris idea gadmomeca. erTi
calke aRebuli magaliTi, cxadia bevrs arafers niSnavs. magram isic xom SeuZlebelia
davuSvaT, rom im zangs berZnuli miTologia hqonda Seswavlili, da Zalian saeWvoa,
rom mas odesme berZnuli miTologiuri figurebis gamosaxuleba enaxa. Tanac, sxva­
TaSoris, iqsionis gamosaxulebebi sakmaod iSviaTia.
SemeZlo axla saocari erTmniSvnelovani sabuTebi momeyvana aracnobierSi aseTi
Zi­riTadi miTologiuri nimuSebis arsebobis Taobaze. magram amisTvis sul cota ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi mainc momiwevda leqciebis kiTxva. jer sizmrebis da sizmarTa
seriebis azri unda gadmomeca da mere mimeTiTebina yvela istoriul paralelsa
da maT mniSvmnelobaze. am xatebaTa da warmodgenaTa simbolikas xom skolebsa da
universtetebSi ar aswavlian, da specialistebsac ki iSviaTad Tu gaegebaT rame amis
Sesaxeb. me iZulebuli viyavi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mekvlia es xatebebi da Tavad meZebna
masala, ase rom rac unda ganaTlebuli unda iyos Cemi publika, mainc ar moveli,
amgvari CaxlarTuli ambebi au courant rom icodes. sizmris analizis teqnikis jeri rom
mova, mainc momixdeba amgvar miTologiur masalaze SeCereba, da maSin warmodgena
SegeqmnebaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor tardeba praqtikulad es muSaoba _ aracnobieris
produqtebisaTvis paralelTa monaxva; jerjerobiT ki iZulebuli var imis aRniSvniT
davkmayofilde, rom aracnobieris es fena ZiriTadad miTologiur nimuSebs Seicavs da
iseT Sinaarsebs warmoSobs, romelTac individuums ver mivawerT; ase gasinjeT, isini
SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes kidec sizmris mnaxvelis pirovnul fsiqologias. ase,
magaliTad, Cvenda gansacvifreblad, sruliad gaunaTlebel pirovnebasTan SeiZleba
iseT sizmars gadaveyaroT, romelic mas marTlac ar vunda dasizmreboda, radgan
yovlad sakvirvel rameebs Seicavs. bavSvebis sizmrebma ki zogjer SeiZleba iseTi
Tavsatexi gagviCinos, rom mere gonze mosasvlelad Svebulebis aReba dagvCirdes, _
maTi simboloebi imdenad Rrmaazrovania, rom saSvels ar gvaZlevs kiTxva: ki magram,
rogor SeiZleba bavSvs aseTi ram dasizmreboda?
sinamdvileSi ki es sul advili asaxsnelia. Cvens suls, iseve rogorc sxeuls, Tavisi
istoria aqvs. amaze gakvirveba igivea, rom, davuSvaT, imas gaveocebineT, adamians
rom brmanawlavi aqvs. gana man icis, rom aseTi ram unda gaaCndes? ara, ubralod, Tan
dahyva. milionobiT adamianma ar icis, rom Timusis jirkvali aqvs, magram amiT araferi
icvleba, _ mainc xom aqvT. maT ar ician, rom TavianTi anatomiis garkveuli nawilebis
mixedviT isini TevzTa saxeobas ganekuTvnebian, magram ician Tu ara _ es mainc asea.
Cveni aracnobieri, aseve rogorc Cveni sxeuli, warsulis danaSTTa da mogonebaTa

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samyofelia. aracnobieri koleqtiuri fsiqikis struqturis Seswavla, albaT, iseTive

aRmoCenebs moitanda, rogorsac SedarebiTi anatomia. mistikuri aq araferia, magram
rakiRa koleqtiur arcnobiers vaxseneb, mecnierebisa da progresis mtrad var ga­
mocxadebuli. koleqtiur aracnobiers mistikasTan ra kavSiri aqvs! es, ubralod,
mecnierebis axali ganStoebaa. aracnobieri koleqtiuri procesebis arsebobis aRia­
reba namdvilad marTebs saR gansjas, _ marTalia, bavSvs cnobiereba dabadebidanve
Tan ar dahyveba, magram misi Sinagani samyaro mainc araa tabuli rasa. bavSvi savsebiT
gansazRvruli tviniT ibadeba, da ingliseli bavSvis tvini ise ki ar imuSavebs, rogorc
avstralieli aborigenisa, aramed ise, rogorc Tanamedrove ingliselisa. tvini mza
struqturiTve Cndeba, Tanamedrove yaidaze muSaobs, magram Tavisi istoria gaaCnia.
is milionobiT wlis ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda, im istorias asaxavs, romlis nayofic
TviTonaa, da imaze bunebrivi raa, rom is iseve rogorc sxeuli, Tavis TavSi atarebdes
am ganviTarebis nakvalevs. ase rom, rodesac admianis Sinagani struqturis wiaRSi
viWrebiT, ra gasaocaria is, rom arqauli sulis naSTebs mivagnoT.
koleqtiuri aracnobieris warmodgena marTlac martivia. ase rom ar yofiliyo,
saswaulze iqneboda axla laparaki, me ki aq zRaprebs rodi vyvebi. me mxolod ga­moc­
dilebas veyrdnobi. TqvenTvis rom es gamocdileba gameziarebina, Tqvenc zustad imave
daskvnebs gamoitandiT arqauli motivebis Sesaxeb. me rogorRac SemTzveviT gamovkari
xeli miTologias da am sferoSi, SeiZleba, Tqvenze meti wigni mqondes wakiTxuli,
Torem miTologiiT yovelTvis ki ar viyavi gatacebuli. erT mSvenier dRes, roca
kidev klinikaSi vmuSaobdi, erT SizofreniiT daavadebul pacients SEvxvdi, romelsac
ucnauri xilva hqonda, da miyveboda; ginda Tu ara, Senc unda daganaxoo, _ Camacivda,
magram me verafers vxedavdi. vifiqre, es kaci giJia, me _ normaluri, da misi es
xilvaa Tu raRaca, raSi unda menaRvlebodes-meTqi. magram mainc mosveneba damekarga,
sagonebelSi Cavvardi, ras unda niSnavdes-meTqi es xilva. im daskvnis moSvelieba, es kaci
SeSlilia-meTqi, ar mawynarebda. da ai, gamoxda xani da wavawydi wigns, sadac germanel
swavlul a.diterixts raRac magiuri papirusis nawilebi hqonda gamoqveynebuli. me
didi interesiT Sevudeqi mis Seswavlas, da me-7 gverdze sityvasityviT ar aRmovaCine
Cemi pacientis xilva?! elda meca. ai, Tavsatexi: ranairad gauCnda im kacs is xilva?!
saqme erT xatebas ki ar exeboda, aramed xatebaTa mTel wyebas sityvieri damTxvevi­
TurT. aRar minda detalebs Sevyve, radgan es Zalze Sors wagviyvans. ise ki, Zalian
saintereso SemTxvevaa, _ sxvaTa Soris, gamoqveynebulic maqvs.
am saocarma paralelma metad amaforiaqa. Tqven, albaT, ar geqnebaT wakiTxuli
swavlul profesor diterixis wigni. rom wagekiTxaT da Tqveni TvaliT genaxaT aseTi
SemTxvevebi, Tqvenc mixvidodiT koleqtiuri aracnobieris warmodgenamde.

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sur. 4: sulier-mSvinvier sferos diagrama

uRrmesi fena, romelzedac aracnobieris kvlevisas xeli migviwvdeba, isaa, sadac

adamiani calkeuli, SezRuduli arseba ki aRaraa, aramed ganivrcoba da kacobriobis
arss erwymis _ cnobierebiT ki ara, aramed Tavisi aracnobieriT, e.i. imiT, rac CvenTvis
yvelasaTvis saerToa. iseve, rogorc yvelas, principSi, erTnairi sxeuli gvaqvs _
ori Tvali, ori yuri, erTi guli da a. S., mciredi individualuri gansxvavebebiT,
Si­na­ganadac swored aseTive principul igiveobas aqvs adgili. koleqtiur sfe­roSi
calkeiul, individualur arsebebs aRar warmovadgenT: yvelani erTi varT. amis ga­­ge­
ba kidev ufro ukeT SeiZleba, Tu primitivTa fsiqologias moviSveliebT. primiti­­uli
msoflmxedvelobiT umniSvnelovanesi damaxasiaTebeli niSania individ­TaSo­ri­si ga­­
nur­Cevloba, subieqtisa da obieqtis erTianiba, participation mystique, rogorc mas levi-
briuli uwodebs. primitiul msoflmxedvelobaSi aisaxeba adamianis sulis safuZv­
lad mdebare struqtura, e.i. is fsiqologiuri Sre, romelsac CvenTvis koleqtiu­ri
aracnobieri warmoadgens, _ saZirkveli, romelic yvela adamianSi erTi da igivea.
vinaidan es Zireuli struqtura yovel CvenganSi moqmedebs, amitom SeuZlebelia
am sferoSi erTmaneTisagan ganvsxvavdebodeT. vin uwyis, Sens Tavs xdeba aq rame Tu
Cems Tavs. yovelgvari cnobierebis sayrden am koleqtiur sferoSi yvela Cvenganis
cxovreba erTad iseT mTlianobas Seadgens, romlis danawevrebac SeuZlebelia. kaci
rom daufiqrdes, Tu raze metyvelebs participaciis faqti, _ rom arsebiTad Cven
yvelani yvelasTan da yvelaferTan identurni varT, _ gansacvifrebel Teoriul
daskvnamde SeiZleba mivides. magram zedmetad Sors nu SevtopavT, Torem vai Cveni

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brali! Tumca zogierTi am daskvnaTagan ufro dawvrilebiT rom gangvexila, ar

gvawyenda, _ vinZlo Suqi mohfenoda zog saocrebas, rac admianebs gadaxdebaT
xolme.
neba miboZeT Tavi movuyaro yovelives, rac iTqva. ai, diagrama maqvs wamoRebuli
(sur. 4). cota rTuli ki Cans, magram sinamdvileSi sul martivia. warmoidgineT, rom
Cveni sulier-mSvinvieri samyaro ganaTebuli birTvia. zedapiri, saidanac sinaTle
airekleba, is funqciaa, romlis meSveobiTac ZiriTadad xorcieldeba Segueba. ise­
Ti adamianis SemTxvevaSi, romelic umTavresad azrovnebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic
umTavresad azrovnebis saSualebiT axdens Seguebas, upirveles yovllisa, moazrovne
adamianis suraTi warmogvidgeba Tvalwin. is yvelafers azrovnebiT aRWurvili udgeba,
da swored azrovnebaa is, riTac mas Tavi moaqvs da risi imedic aqvs, rom sxvebis winaSe
ar Searcxvens. anlogiurad, igive SeiZleba iTqvas, roca romelime sxva funqciaa
wamyvani.
diagramaze periferiul funqciad SegrZnebaa warmodgenili. is gare samyaros
obieqtTa Sesaxeb gvawvdis informacias. meore wreSi, azrovnebaSi, iTvisebs imas,
rac mas SegrZnebebma gadasces; aq nivTebis saxeldeba da daxasiaTeba xdeba. Semdeg
grZnobis jeri modis; grZnobiT Rirebuleba Tan axlavs yovelgvar Wvretas; da bolos,
warmoiSveba xolme erTgvari codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan gaCnda raRac, saiT miemar­
Teba da ra SeuZlia moimoqmedos. es intuiciia, romlis meoxebiTac adamiani sakuTa­ri
Tvalsawieris miRma xedavs. es oTxi funqcia Seadgens eqstofsiqikur sistemas.
diagramis Semdegi nawili gamosaxavs cnobier `me”-kompleqss, romelsac es funq­
ciebi ukavSirdeba. endofsiqikur sistemaSi, pirvel rigSi, gamovyofT mexsierebas,
nebelobisadmi daqvemdebarebul funqcias. is `me”-kompleqsis zedamxedvelobis
qve­Saa. Semdeg modis funqciaTa subieqturi komponentebi. Tumca nebeloba maTTan
bevrs verafers gaxdeba, magram garkveul farglebSi mainc SeuZlia maTi CaxSoba, ga­
moTiS­va Tu gaZliereba. am komponentTa meTvalyureoba ase ioli aRaraa, rogorc
mex­sierebisa, Tumca, mogexsenebaT, arc TviT mexsierebaa mTlad `wminda wylisa”.
Semdeg afeqtebsa da SeWrebs mivadgebiT, romelTa damorCileba mxolod iZulebi­Ti
xerxebiT Tu SeiZleba. erTaderTi _ SegiZlia ar gamoamJRavno, Torem mets verafers
uzam. muStebi unda Sekra, rom ar afeTqde, radgan es Zalebi, advili SesaZlebelia,
`me~-kompleqsze ufro Zlierebi RmoCndnen.
rasakvirvelia, fsiqikuri sistema aseTi diagramis meSveobiT sruliad ar ga­mo­
isaxeba. es suraTi ufro Sefasebis skalaa, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu rogor kle­bulobs
TandaTanobiT energia anu intensivoba `me~_ kompleqsisa (romelsac nebe­lo­­ba war­
momadgenlobs), ramdenadac im bnel regions vuaxlovdebiT, mTel am struqtu­­ras
qvakuTxedad rom dasdebia _ aracnobiers. aq, pirvel rigSi, varCevT pirovnul

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aracnobiers. fsiqikis es nawili yovelive imas Seicavs, rac igive warmatebiT cno­
bieric SeiZleba yofiliyo. mogexsenebaT, aracnobiers bevr rames vuwodebT, magram
es mxolod SedarebiT. am sferoSi araferia iseTi, rac aucileblad yvelasaTvis
aracnobieri unda iyos. arsebobs xalxi, romlisTvisac TiTqmis yvelaferi cnobieria,
risi gacnobierebac ki SEesaZlebelia saerTod adamianisTvis. rasakvirvelia, Cvens
civilizaciaSi araCveulebrivad bevri ramaa aracnobieri, magram sxva xalxs Tu ew­
ve­viT, vTqvaT, indoeTs anda CineTs, daadgenT rom iqaurebisaTvis iseTi raRaceebia
cnobieri, romelTa gamosaqeqad Cveni fsiqoanalitikosebi TveobiT wvaloben xolme.
mere kidev, bunebriv pirobebSi mcxovrebma ubralo adamianebma raRac saswauliT
SEiZleba iseTi raRaceebis codna gamoamJRavnon, qalaqels rom arc daesizmreba, da
Tu daesizmra, isic _ analizis gavleniT. es jer kidev skolaSi davadgine. yrmobis
wlebi sofelSi maqvs gatarebuli, glexebsa da pirutyvTa Soris, da me auarebeli
iseTi ram vicodi, sxva biWebi azrze rom ar iyvnen da bedniereba mqonda yalbi war­
modgenebisagan Tavisufali vyofiliyavi. nevrotul Tu normalur adamianTa sizm­
rebs, simptomebisa da fantaziebis analizisas aracnobierSi viWrebiT da SesaZleb­
loba gveZleba es xelovnuri zRude gadavlaxoT. pirovnuli aracnobieri metad
fardobiTi ramaa. misma sferom SeiZleba reduqcia ganicados da bolos da bolos ise
Semcirdes, nuls miuaxlovdes. sulac araa warmoudgeneli, vinmem Tavisi cnobiereba
imdenad ganaviTaros, rom SeeZlos Tqma: Nihil humanum a me alienum puto.
da bolos, mivaRwieT ukanasknel birTvs, romelsac saerTod ver gavacnobierebT, _
arqetipTa sauflos. is, rasac, albaT, es sfero moicavs, xatebaTa (Bild) formiT iCens
Tavs, romelTa gageba mxolod maSin SgveZleba, Tuki istoriul paralelebs movuZebniT
maT. zogi am amotivtivebul masalaTagani istoriulad Tu ar vcaniT da paralelebi
Tu ar davinaxeT, am SinaarsTa cnobierebasTan SekavSireba SeuZlebeli iqneba, ise rom,
proecirebuli darCebian. koleqtiuri aracnobieris Sinaarsebi nebelobis mier ar
imarTebian da saerTodac ar eqvemdebarebian mas, da iseTi STabeWdileba gveqmneba,
TiTqos CvenTvis ucxo iyos aseTi ram, _ sxvaze vamCnevT, sakuTar Tavze _ vera.
ro­ca koleqtiuri aracnobieris Sinaarsebi aqtiurdeba, sxvebSi raRac-raRaceebs
SevniSnavT xolme; magaliTad, darwmunebulni varT, rom boroti abisinielebi Tvs
esxmian italias. magram xom gaxsovT anatol francis cnobili moTxroba: ori glexi
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi samkvdro-sasicocxlod ayo gadakidebuli. viRac dainteresda
maTi SuRlis mizeziT da erTs hkiTxa, ki magram, ratom gZuls Seni mezobeli, agre
ras erCio. man ki miugo; `Mais il est de l’autre cote de la reviere!~ swored aseve mtroben erTi
meores safrangeTi da germania. Cven, Sveicarelebs, sabednierod, msoflio omis dros
SesaZlebloba gvqonda gazeTebi gvekiTxa da am sakvirvel meqanizms davkvirvebodiT,
kacs did qvemexebad rom warmoudgeboda, romlidanac rainis erTi napiridan isrodnen,

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da meore napiridanac zustad igives imeorebdnen. amasTn, cxadze ucxadesi xdeboda,

rom es adamianebi mezoblebSi amCnevdnen yvelafer imas, rasac sakuTar magaliTze
vera da ver xedavdnen.
uzogadesad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amas koleqtiur sigiJemde mivyavarT, sulier-
mSvinvier epidemiamde, romelmac SeiZleba revolucia, omi anda raRac amdagvari
gamoiwvios, Tuki mozrdil socialur jgufebSi iCina Tavi koleqtiuri aracnobieris
viTarebam. aseTi moZraobebi wuTSi moedeba mTel qveyanas, TiTqmis moZaladoebrivad
gadamdebia isini, _ koleqtiuri aracnobieri Tu gaaqtiurda, kaci sakuTar Tavs
aRar ekuTvnis. is aramarto monawileobs am moZraobaSi, aramed Tavad aris es
moZraoba. germaniaSi rom icxovroT anda Tu ndac mcire xani dahyoT iq, rogorc wesi,
winaaRmdegobis gawevis mcdeloba fuWad CagivliT, _ Zvalsa da rbilSi gagijdebaT
iqauri ambebi. rac ar unda iyos, mainc kaci xar da, sadac ar unda cxovrobde,
TviTdamkvidrebas mxolod imiT SeiZleba miaRwio, rom cnobiereba SEzRudo da rac
SeiZleba gamocarielde, mSvinvierad gamoifito. magram am gziT samSvinvels dakargav,
_ raRa darCeba Sengan: cnobierebis patara marcvali, cxovrebis zRvaze rom tivtivebs
da masSi araviTar monawileobas ar iRebs. xolo Tu imadve ginda darCe, rac xar, maSin
koleqtiur atmosferos versad gaeqcevi. SeuZlebelia afrikaSi an romelime sxva
msgavs mxareSi icxovro da es mxare Zvalsa da rbilSi ar gagijdes. yviTel kanianebTan
Tu cxovrob, kanqveSgayviTldebi, _ es ar agcdeba, radganac sadRac Senc iseTi xar,
rogoric zangia Tu Cineli, anda vinc unda iyos, visTan erTadac cxovrob; iseTive
xar, rogorc yvela sxvaa _ adamianuri. koleqtiuri aracnobieris mixedviT sxva
rasebis warmomadgenlebisgan ar gansxvavdebi; igive arqetipebi gaqvs, rac maT, iseve
rogorc Tvalebi, guli da sxv. gaqvs igivenairi. mere da ra, rom maTi kani Savia. Tumca,
garkveuli mniSvneloba amasac aqvs _ erTi istoriuli fena maT albaT Cvenze ufro
naklebi eqnebaT. Tu erebi erTmaneTisagan sulieri SreebiT gansxvavdebian, es maTi
ganviTarebis istorias Seesatyviseba.
vinc CemsaviT Seiswavlis rasebsa da xalxebs, bevr rasme Zalze sainteresos SeiZleba
gadaawydes. magaliTad, Crdilo amerikelebs Tu SeviswavliT, SegviZlia davrwmundeT,
rom amerikeli Tavis TavSi indiels atarebs, _ is xom dapyrobil miwaze cxovrobs.
indieli (mTeli Tavisi dRe da moswreba erTi maTganisaTvisac rom ar moekras Tvali)
da zangi (miuxedavad imisa, rom mas devnian da tramvai TeTrebisTvisaa gankuTvnili)
amerikels sisxlSi da xorcSi aqvs gamjdari, da igrZnoba, rom is nawilobriv
feradkanian nacias ganekuTvneba. aseTi raRaceebi sruliad aracnobierad xdeba, da
amaze laparaki mxolod Zalze Tavisuflad moazrovne adamianebTan SeiZleba. es iseve
Znelia, rogorc is, germanels an frangs rom esaubro imaze, Tu ratom eqiSpebian ase
erTmaneTs.

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karl gustav iungi

am cota xnis win parizSi SesaniSnavi saRamo gavatare. Zalze ganaTlebul xalxTan
viyavi miwveuli; saamod vbaasobdiT. maT mkiTxes Cemi azri erovnul gansxvavebaTa
Sesaxeb. erTi ki vifiqre, gamiWirdeba amis axsna-meTqi, da ase mivuge: rac TqvenSi
didad fasobs, esaa la clarte latine, la clarte de l’esprit latin, da es imitom, romTqveni azrovneba
arasrulfasovania; laTinuri qveynis moazrovne germanelTan SedarebiT moikoWlebs-
meTqi. maT yuri cqvites, me ki ganvagrZe: `samagierod, Tqvens grZnobas badali ar
moepoveba, is absoluturad diferencirebulia~. eg rogoro, mkiTxes. me mivuge: `wadiT
romelime kafeSi an kabareSi, an sadme, sadac Sansoniebs da sketCebs dgamen, da pirdapir
saswaulis momswre gaxdebiT. jer auarebel groteskul da cinikur raRaceebs naxavT
da gaigonebT, rasac uecrad raRac sentimentaluri mohyveba, _ deda bavSvs kargavs,
siyvaruli ubedurad mTavrdeba, raRac saocrad patrioruli iCens saidanRac Tavs da...
xalxi tiris. Tqven Saqrisa da marilis Sezaveba giyvarT. germanels ki SeuZlia mTeli
saRamo marto Saqarze gaZlos. frangs Sig cotaodeni marilic unda rom erios. vinmes
rom ecnobiT, xom eubnebiT: `Enchante de faire votre connaissance~. sulac ara xarT enchante de
faire sa connaissance; gunebaSi fiqrobT: `eSmaksac wauRixar!~ magram es Seusabamoba
arc Tqven gawuxebT didad da arc imas, visac ecnobiT; magram germanels nurasodes
etyviT, Enchante de faire votre connaissance-o, Torem is marTla dagijerebT.
germaneli wyvil wvivsakravs rom mogyidiT, marto imas ki ar elis, rom fass gadauxdiT,
_ rac bunebrivi iqneboda, _ aramed moelis, rom Tqven igi amisaTvis geyvarebaT.
germanelebi imiT SeiZleba davaxasiaTod, rom maTi grZnobiTi funqcia arasrul­
fasovania, e.i. aradiferencirebulia. magram es rom germanels uTxraT, ewyineba. mec
mewyineboda. misTvis sanukvaria is, rasac TviTon saamo familiarobas eZaxis: boliT
gavsebuli oTaxi, yvelas yvela uyvars, _ am siamovnebis CaSxameba rogor iqneba! ab­
soluturi erTmniSvneloba unda iyos gamefebuli, arsebobdes erTi, miRebuli toni
da araviTari sxva. es gaxlavT la clarte germanique du sentiment, da is arasrulfasovania.
Tavis mxriv, frangi sastikad gaginawyendebaT, rame paradoqsuli rom akadroT, _
misTvis xom is gaugebari iqneba. erT inglisel filosofoss uTqvams, aRmatebuli
goni arasodes aris savsebiT dawmendilio. es marTalia, da daxvewili grZnobac, aseve,
mTlad martivi arasodesaa. grZnobas marTla mxolod maSin vatanT gemos, roca igi
cota saWoWmanocaa, xolo azri, romelic erT farul winaaRmdegobasac ar Seicavs,
damarwmunebeli ar aris.
amieridan Cveni ZiriTadi Tema Semdegi sakiTxi iqneba: rogor SegviZlia mivudgeT
adamianis bneliT mocul mxares? rogorc ukve vaxseneT adre, amisaTvis samgvari
analizuri meTodi arsebobs: asociaciis eqsperimenti, sizmris analizi da aqtiuri
warmosaxva. jer minda mcireodeni ram asociaciis eqsperimentis Sesaxeb mogiTx­roT.
mraval Tqvengans es iqneb moZveleburadac ki eCvenos, magram ramdenadac asocia­
ciis eqsperimenti jerac tardeba, valdebuli var ganvixilo. CendaTavad me mas pa­
cientebTan ar viyeneb, samagierod, kriminalur SemTxvevebSi _ ki.

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eqsperimentisaTvis saWiroa (me imas vimeoreb, rac Tqvenc mSvenivrad mogexse­ne­

baT) sia, Semdgari, davuaSvaT asi sityvisgan. cdis pirs eubnebian, rac SeiZleba swrafad
Tqvas pirvelive sityva, romelic TavSi mouva, rogorc ki sityva-gamRizianebels
gaigonebs da gaigebs. rodesac davrwmundebiT, rom cdis pirma zustad gaigo, rac
moeTxoveba, SegviZlia saqmes SevudgeT. reaqciis dro wamzomiT aRiricxeba. asi sity­
va rom CaTavdeba, Semdegi nabijis jeri dgeba: sityva-gamRizianeblebs vimeorebT da
cdis pirma Tavisi adrindeli pasuxebi unda gaimeoros. zogjer mexsiereba Rala­tobs,
da ganmeoreba mtkice ar aris anda mcdaria. aseTi Secdomebi mniSvnelovania.
es eqsperimenti Tavdapirvelad sul sxva miznebisTvis iqna danergili; misi
sa­­SualebiT ideaTa asociaciebi unda SeeswavlaT. ra Tqma unda, es wminda wylis
utopia iyo. amgvari primitiuli saSualebebi aseTi ramis sakvlevad ras gamodgeba.
samagierod, sxva ramis SeswavlaSi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT, da Tanac swored maSin,
roca eqsperimenti `gvimtyunebs~. e.i. rodesac cdis pirebi Secdomebs uSveben. ase,
magaliTad, miawvdi sul ubralo sityvas, romelzedac bavSvsac ar gauWirdeba pasuxis
gacema, maRalinteleqtualuri pirovneba ki ver pasuxobs. ratom? _ es sityva Seexo
imas, rasac me kompleqs vuwodeb, _ fsiqikuri Sinaarsebis grovas, romlebic uCveulo,
ufro, albaT, mtanjveli grZnobiTi RirebulebiTaa datvirTuli, raRac iseTiT, rac
normalur pirobebSi Tvals mofarebulia. TiTqos pirovnebis sqeli fena saar­
tile­rio yumbaram bnel Sremde Seangriao, ise moxvdeba gulze, visac, vTqvaT, fulis
kompleqsi aqvs, sityvebi: `yidva~, `gadaxda~, an `fuli~. reaqciebi aq darRveuli
iqneba.

sur. 5: asociaciis eqsperimenti

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karl gustav iungi

aseTi darRvevebis Tormeti Tu meti saxe arsebobs, da zogierT maTgans ga­

gac­nobT, raTa maTi praqtikuli mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb warmodgena SegeqmnaT. jer
erTi, reaqciis drois gazrdas aqvs udidesi praqtikuli mniSvneloba. imis da­
sadgenaT, Tu romel sityva-gamRizianeblebze iyo reqciis dro metismetad didi,
TiToeuli cdis piris reaqciis saSualo dones angariSoben. sxva damaxasiaTebeli
darRvevebia: erTze met sityviani reaqciebi (miuxedavad instruqciisa); Secdomebi
pasuxebis ganmeorebisasa; reaqciebi Secvlili saxis gamometyvelebiT, siciliT,
sxeulis moZraobiT, xel-fexis qneviT, xvelebiT, enis dabmiT da sxva amdagvariT;
aradamakmayofilebeli reqciebi, rogoricaa: `ki~ an `ara~; reaqciebi, romlebic
sityva-gamRizianeblis WeSmarit azrs gverds uvlian; erTi da imave pasuxis
ganmeorebiTi xmareba; ucxo enebis gamoyeneba, rac inglisSi, raRa Tqma unda, iseTi
araferia, magram CvenSi SeiZleba didi usiamovnebac mohyves; Secdoma gameorebisas
_ roca mexsiereba Ralatobs; araviTari reaqcia.
yvela es reaqcia unebliea. Tu vinme daTanxmda cdis piris movaleobaTa Ses­
rulebaze, mTlianad eqsperimentatoris xelSi aRmoCndeba, da Tu ar daTnxmda _ mainc
igivea, radgan cxadia, ratomaa, rom TvalSi ar mosdis es eqsperimenti. damnaSaves
SeuZlia eqsperimentis Catarebaze uari ganacxados, magram misTvisve uaresia, _
dResaviT naTeli iqneba, ratomac jiutobs; daTanxmdeba da _ TviTonve gahyofs
Tavs yulfSi. ciurixSi mZime SemTxvevebis dros sasmarTlo miwvevs xolme; ai, maSin
ki ukanaskneli xavsis rolSi gamovdivar.
asociaciis eqsperimentis Sedegebi martiv diagramaze SeiZleba warmovadgi­noT
(sur. 5.) svetebis simaRle cdis piris reaqciis efeqtur dros gamoxatavs. wyvetili
horizontali reaqciis saSualo drois maCvenebelia. gauferadebeli svetebi is
reaqciebia, romlebic darRvevis niSnebs ar amJRavneben; gamuqebuli svetebi darR­
veul reaqciebs aRniSnaven. mag., me-7, me-8, me-9 da me-10 reaqciebze darRvevaTa mTel
serias vawydebiT: me-7 sityva-gamRizianebeli kritikuli iyo, da cdis pirs arc
ki SeumCnevia, ise gadidda Semdgomi sami reaqcis dro, radganac aq adgili hqonda
sityva-gamRizianebelze mocemuli reaqciis perseveracias. cdis pirs saerTd ar
gaucnobierebia, rom aq emocia hqonda. me-13 reaqcia izolirebuli darRvevaa, me-
16 _ 20-ze ki kvlav darRvevaTa mTeli seria aRmocenda. uZlieresi darRvevebi
me-18-sa da me-19-zea. am gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs e.w. sensibilobis
(mgrZnobiarobis) gaZlierebasTan, e.i. aracnobieri emociis masensibilizebeli gav­
lenis SedegTan: Tu kritikulma sityva-gamRizianebelma perseverirebadi emociuri
reaqcia gamoiwvia da Semdegi kritikuli sityva-gamRizianebeli SemTxveviT am
perseveraciis sferoSi moxvda, savaraudoa, rom is ufro Zlierad imoqmedebs, vidre
maSin, indiferentul asociaciaTa seriaSi rom gamoreuliyo. amas perseverirebadi
emociis masensibilizebel gavlenas uwodeben.

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kriminaluri SemTxvevebis dros masensibilizebeli moqmedeba SeiZleba Segne­

bulad gamoviyenoT: kritikuli sityva-gamRizianeblebi ise unda CavurToT xolme,
rom rogorme perseveraciis savaraudo sferoSi moxvdnen, raTa kritikul sityva-
gamRizianebelTa moqmedeba gaZlierdes. sasamarTlo saqmis garCevisas iseTi kri­
tikuli sityva-gamRizianeblebi unda SevarCioT, romelic pirdapir kavSirSi iqnebian
mocemul danaSaulTan.
sur. 5-ze: cdis piri ase, 35 wlisa iqneboda, wesieri kaci, erT-erTi Cemi normaluri
cdis pirTagani. rasakvirvelia, mraval normalurze momixda eqsperimentis Catareba,
sanam paTologiuri masalidan daskvnebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba momecemoda. Tu
gsurT gaigoT, ra aCuxebda am kacs, amisaTvis saWiroa waikiTxoT, ra sityvebma ga­
moiwvies darRvevebi, daakavSiroT es sityvebi, da mTeli es historia Tqvens xelT
iqneba. axlave mogiyvebiT:
Tavdapirvelad sityva dana iyo, oTxi darRveuli reaqcia rom gamoiwvia. Semdeg
laxvarze iyo darRveva, dartymaze, wvetianze, da boTlze. yvela isini 50 sityva-
gamRizianeblisagan Semdgar mokle seriaSi gamovlinda, rac sakmarisi aRmoCnda
CemTvis, am kacisTvis maSinve meTqva, raSic iyo saqme. da ai, veubnebi: marTali giTxraT,
ar vicodi, Tu aseTi usiamovneba SegemTxvaT~. is momaCerda da momigo, ar mesmis, razea
laparakio. nasvami yofilxarT da viRacisTvis sxeulSi dana gagiyriaT-meTqi. saidan
iciTo, erTi ki mkiTxa da mere mTeli es ambavi aRiara. kargi ojaxiSvili gaxldaT,
_ misianebi ubralo, magram rigiani xalxi iyo. sazRvargareT wasula, erTxelac
damTvrala da Cxubi mosvlia, hoda Turme dana iZro da viRaca daWra, risTvisac erTi
wliT cixeSi Casves. amas sastik saidumlod inaxavda, sityvac aravisTan dascdeia, _ es
xom mis cxovrebas Crdils miayenebda. qalaqSi, axlobelTa Soris aravisTvis araferi
gaumxelia da me ki ai, ase SemTxveviT gamovCxrike es ambavi.
Cems seminarze ciurixSi asociaciis eqsperimentsac vatareb xolme. visac `aR­
sarebis Tqma~ surs, _ raRa Tqma unda, rogor davuSli, magram sul imas viTxov, iseTi
xalxi masala momitanon, romelTac Cemi studentebi icnoben, me ki _ ara, da vuCveneb,
Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeli ama Tu im piris warsulis amokiTxva. es marTlacda saintereso
samuSaoa. xandaxan iseTi rameebi irkveva, Tvalebi Sublze agivaT.
kidev ramdenime magaliTs mogiyvanT. mravali wlis winaT, rodesac jer kidev
axalgazrda eqimi viyavi, kriminologiis erTma moxucma profesorma am eqsperimentis
Sesaxeb gamomkiTxa da ganmicxada, magisi araferi mjerao. ase mivmarTe: `ara, batono
profesoro? iqneb erTxel mainc gamogecadaT?~ Sin mimipatiJa, da saqmes SevudeqiT. 10
sityvis mere daiRala da miTxra: `aba aman ra unda mogceT?! araferic ar gamodis!~ me
vuTxari, 10-12 sityvaSi ras unda elode, asi rom Sesruldeba, maSin vnaxoT-meTqi. am aTI
sityviT veras gaawyobTo? _ mkiTxa. me mivuge: `friad mcires, magram raRac-raRaceebis

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Tqmas mainc SevZleb. cota xnis winaT SeEwuxebuli yofilxarT, radgan fuli ar gyofniT.
Semdeg... Turme geSiniaT, gulis avadmyofobiT ar gardaicvaloT. Tqven, albaT, saf­
rangeTSi swavlobdiT da iq raRac sasiyvarulo ambavi gadagxdeniaT, romelic axla
isev gaxsendebaT, _ sikvdilze fiqrisas xom Zvelma, sayvarelma mo­gonebebma ician
xolme warsulis wiaRidan amotivtiveba~. saidan gaigeTo, mkiTxa. amis mixvedras ra
undoda! igi 72 wlisa gaxldaT da sityva gulze asociacia tkivili hqonda; aqedan
_ SiSi, gulis SeteviT ar momkvdariyo. sikvdilze misi asociacia gardacvaleba iyo
_ bunebrivi reaqcia, xolo fulze ki _ Zalian cota, _ Zalze uCveulo reaqcia. Sem­
deg ki saqme uCveulod warimarTa. gadaxdaze reaqciis dro didi iyo; Semdeg Tqva: La
Semeuse, TumcaRa Cven germanulad vsaubrobdiT. es frangul monetebze gamosaxuli
cnobili figuraa. yvelaferi kargi, magram am moxucs raRa maincdamainc La Semeuse
moagonda?sityva kocnaze reaqciis dro didi hqonda, Semdeg ki Tvalebi gaubrwyinda
da warmoTqva: `lamazi:~. maSin ki yvelaferi naTeli gaxda. frangulad laparaks
arasdidebiT ar daiwyebda, es ena rom misTvis raRac gansakuTrebul grZnobasTan ar
yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, magram rasTan _ es gamocanas warmoadgenda. iqneb zarali
naxa frangul frankTan dakavSirebiT? magram im dros inflaciisa da deflaciis
Sesaxeb aravin laparakobda. ase rom, es arafer SuaSi iqneboda. me vyoymanobdi, veRar
gamego, fulSi iyo saqme Tu siyvarulSi, magram kocnaze rom lamazi Tqva, mivxvdi,
rom siyvaruli iqneboda. is imis kaci ar iyo, am sibereSi rom parizs wasuliyo, magram
adre iurisprudencias Seiswavlida parizSi, mgoni, sorbonaSi. mTeli am ambis Sekav­
Si­reba araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens.
xandaxan namdvil tragediebs vawydebiT. sur. 6-ze ase, ocdaaTiode wlis qa­
lis SemTxvevaa warmodgenili. is klinikaSi imyofeboda, da diagnozad dasmuli
hqonda depresiuli Sizofrenia. prognozi, Sesabamisad, cudi iyo. avadmyofi Cems
ganyofilebaSi iwva, da iciT, saocari grZnoba gamiCnda. avismomaswavebel prognos
ase ubralod ver Sevurigdebodi, radgan ukve Tavad Sizofrenia CemTvis fardo­bi­
Ti ramaa; Cems Tavs veubnebodi, met-naklebad vin ar urevs-meTqi; magram es qali raRac
sxvanairad urevda, da amitom diagnozs wavuyrue. im droisaTvis jer kidev friad
mcire ram iyo cnobili. raRa Tqma unda, anamnezi Sevkribe, magram iseTi veraferi vnaxe,
rac mis avad gaxdomas axsnida. amitom asociaciis eqsperimenti Cavutare da ucnauri
ram gamovlinda. pirveli darRveva sityva angelozze aRmoCnda, sityvaze Tavneba
ki reaqcia saerTod ar moucia. amas mohyva darRvevebi Semdeg sityvebze: boroti,
mdidari, fuli, suleli, siyvaruli da qorwineba. es qali kargi Tanamdebobis mqone,
SeZlebuli kacis meuRle gaxldaT, aSkarad rom kmayofili iyo Tavisi cxovrebiT.
davkiTxe, magram manac, iseve rogorc colma, mxolod imis Tqma SeZlo, rom depresiam
maTi ufrosi Svilis, oTxi wlis gogonas gardacvalebidan daaxloebiT ori Tvis

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Semdeg iCina Tavi. avadmyofobis mizezis Sesaxeb sxva veraferi gairkva. asociaciis
eqsperimentma uaRresad Tavgzaambnevi seria gamoavlina reaqciebisa, romelTac
ver vakavSirebdi. aseTi viTareba xSiria, metadre, Tu jer ar xar gawafuli. aseT
SemTxvevebSi umjobesia cdis pirs jer im reaqciebis Sesaxeb SevekiTxoT, romlebic
pirdapir mTavars ar umizneben. Tavidanve uZlieres darRvevebze Tu vkiTxeT, yalb
pasuxebs miviRebT. amitom SedarebiT uwyinari sityvebiT unda daviwyoT xolme da
mSin ufro gulwrfel pasuxebs miviRebT. ase rom, SevekiTxe: `ras ityviT angelozis
Sesaxeb? TqvenTvis es sityva rames niSnavs?~ man mipasuxa: `raRa Tqma unda, _ es
Cemi Svilia, romelic davkarge~, da cremlTa niaRvari waskda. rodesac qariSxali
Cawynarda, vkiTxe: `ras niSnavs TqvenTvis Tavneba?~ man momigo, es sityva arafers
meubnebao. me Cemi ar daviSale, _ am sityvaze Zlieri darRveva aRmocenda, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom masTan raRac aris dakavSirebuli-meTqi, magram Zala aRar davatane.
Semdeg sityva borotis rigi dadga, _ aqac veraferi davacdenine. Zlieri uaryofiTi
reaqcia hqonda, rac imaze metyvelebda, rom pasuxis gacema ar surda. jeri lurjze
rom midga, ganmicxada, es Cemi gardacvlili bavSvis Tvalebiao. vkiTxe, ra STambeWda­
vi Tvalebi hqonda-meTqi? man momigo: `ra Tqma unda. es laJvardisferi Tvalebi, bavSvi
rom daibada...~ SevniSne, rom saxis gamometyveleba Seecvala da ratom aReldiT-
meTqi, vkiTxe. man momageba: `iciT, mas Cemi qmris Tvalebi ar hqonda~. bolos da bolos
gamoirkva, rom bavSvs misi adrindeli satrfos Tvalebi gamohyoloda. vkiTxe, im
kacTan dakavSirebiT ra gawuxebT-meTqi da, rogorc iqna, Cemi gavitane da es istoria
amovqaCe:
patara qalaqSi, sadac is izrdeboda, erTi mdidari axalgazrda cxovrobda Turme.
TviTon es gogona SeZlebuli, magram didad arafriT gamorCeuli ojaxidan iyo.
ymawvili kaci ki mdidar zedafenas ganekuTvneboda, patara qalaqis gmiri gaxldaT da
yvela qaliSvili masze ocnebobda. es gogona lamazi iyo da egona, raRac Sansi maqvso.
Semdeg darwmunda, rom sul tyuilad imedovnebda, da ojaxSi urCies: `ras gadayevi
magaze fiqrs?! eg mdidaria da Sen raSi enaRvlebi! ager, esa da es kaci ra simpaTiuria!
viTom ra giSlis, magas rom misTxovde?~ am kacs gahyva kidevac colad da Tavs savsebiT
bednierad grZnobda qorwinebis mexuTe wlamde, rodesac mSobliuri qalaqidan Zvelma
megobarma moinaxula. qmari oTaxidan rom gavida, stumarma uTxra, erT vinmes (igi im
`gmirs~ gulisxmobda) guli didad daumZimeo. `rao? me davumZime?~ _ Seicxada qalma.
megobarma ki ganagrZo: `gana ar icodi, rom Sen uyvardi?! kinaRam gagiJda, Sen rom
viRac sxvas gahyevi!~ axla ki ifeTqa mis gulSi gamZvinvarebulma cecxlis alma, magram
rogorRac CaaxSo. amis mere, ToTxmeti dRis Semdeg is Tavis ori wlis biWs da oTxi
wlis gogonas abanavebda. wyali qalaqSi (es ambavi SveicariaSi ar xdeboda) mTlad
sando ar iyo, saxeldobr, tifis bacilebiT iyo inficirebuli. dedam SeamCnia,

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sur. 6 asociaciis eqsperimenti

 analizuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi

rom gogona sabanao Rrubel wovda, magram ar dauSlia, da rodesac biWunamac Tqva,
wyali mindao, masac es saeWvo wyali miawoda. gogonas tifi daemarTa da daiRupa,
biWi ki gadarCa. ase rom, qalma miaRwia imas, rac surda (Tu rac masSi myof eSmaks
surda) _ qorwinebis gauqmebas, raTa sxvaze gaTxovebis ufleba hqonoda. am mizniT
man mkvleloba Caidina. TviTon arafe­ri icoda amis Sesaxeb, _ mxolod da mxolod
faqtebs miyveboda; is daskvna ar gamoutania, rom Tavad ekisreboda sakuTari bavSvis
sikvdilze pasuxismgebloba: man xom icoda, rom wyali inficirebuli iyo da sifrTxile
marTebda. Cems winaSe ase­Ti sakiTxi dadga: meTqva, rom mkvleli iyo Tu enaze kbi­
li dameWira (saqme mxolod misTvis Tqmas exeboda, es xom sasamarTlo procesi ar
yofila). bunebrivia, mosalodneli iyo, rom misi mdgomareoba Zlier gauaresdebo­
da, Tuki vetyodi. magram prognozi mainc, isedac kargs arafers uqadda, da meore
mxriv, principSi, safuZvels moklebuli ar iyo is varaudi, rom raki WeSmariti vi­
Tarebis danaxva saqmeSi gaarkvevda, SeiZleba kidec gamojanmrTelebuliyo. am­rigad,
gadavwyvite pirSi meTqva: `Tqven mokaliT Tqveni Svili~. Tavidan sastikad aRelda,
magram mere faqtebs miubrunda. sami kviris Semdeg gavwereT, da mas mere aRar dab­
ru­nebula. mis mdgomareobas kidev 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi vadevnebdi Tvalyurs, _
mdgomareoba aRar gameorebula. is depresia fsiqologiurad Seesityveboda mis
situacias: igi mkvleli iyo, da sxvagvar garemoebebSi sikvdiliT dasjas imsaxureb­da;
katorRis nacvlad ki fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mokvda. sulieri avadmyofo­bis
sasjelisagan me imiT vixseni, rom mis sindiss autaneli simZi­me avkide: rodesac Sens
codvebs sakuTar kiserze iReb, maTTan erTad cxovreba kidev asatania, _ gaiZleba,
magram Tuki maT Tvals ver usworeb, maSin garduval Sedegebs versad gaeqcevi.

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karl gustav iungi

1 evola (La Tradizione ermetica, p. 28 f.) ambobs: „wina kulturuli ciklebis adamianis sulieri wyoba
imgvari iyo, rom mis yovel fizikur aRqmas Tan fizikuri kom­po­nentic axlda, romelic mas
„asulierebda“. ubralo suraT-xats adami­ani damatebiT „mniSvnelobasa“ da gansakuTrebul,
Zlier emociur tons ani­Webda. amgvarad, antikuri epoqis fizika erTdroulad Teologiac
iyo da transcendentaluri fsiqologiac, bunebismetyveleba ki – idumalTme­tyvelebac,
ase rom, simboloTa mniSvnelobebi erTiani codnis sxvadasxva aspeqts moicavda.
2 Rosarium: Art. aurif. II, p. 231: „Et ille dicitur lapis invisibilitatis, lapis sanctus, res benedicta“ [`da igi
iwodeba uxilav qvad, wminda qvad da kurTxeul sagnad~].
3 Maier, Symbola aureae mensae, p. 386: … non parvis sumptibus illam / Invenere artem, qua non ars dignior
ulla est, / Fingendi Lapidem Aetherium [`…didi Sromis Sedegad Cawvdnen isini eTeruli qvis
Seqmnis xelovnebas, romelic xelovnebaTa Soris yvelaze Rirseulia~] (eyrdnoba marcelus
palingeniusis „poeta et sacerdos“-s).
4 „…omnes receptae spernendae sunt in arte“, rogorc Rosarium (Art. aurif. II, p. 223) ambobs.
* bnelis ufro bneliT, ucnobis ufro ucnobiT axsna (laT.).
5 Abtala Jurain Filii Jacob Juran, Hyle und Coahyl. eTiopiuridan laTinurad da laTi­nuridan
germanulad Targmna doqtorma iohan elias miulerma. – teqsti, aSkarad, ar aris Zveli.
yvela niSnis mixedviT igi me-18 saukuneSi unda Seqmniliyo. madlobas vuxdi prof.
raixStains (bazeli) am patar wig­nis mowodebisTvis. Die Schöpfung, Kp. VIII, p. 52 ff da Die
Himmel, Kp. IX, p. 54 ff.
* kvarti – [laT. quarte (pars) meoTxedi (nawili)]. fxvieri da Txevadi nivTierebis sawyao,
gansxvavebuli sididisa sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. Cveulebriv, litrze cota meti (mTargmn.).
6 rosnobli – XV-XVI saukuneebis inglisuri oqros moneta.
* uncia – wonis erTeuli Zvel romSi da Semdeg evropis sxva saxelmwi­foebSi metruli sistemis
SemoRebamde. daaxloebiT 30 gramia (mTargmn.).
7 De Alchemiae difficultabibus: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 164 ff. aseve Philalethes,Introitus apertus:
Mus. herm.), p. 687: „Terra enim germinandi avida aliquid semper fabricat, interdum aves aut bestias
reptiliaque te in vitro conspicere imaginabere…“[`miwa, ganayofierebisTvis mudam mwyurvali,
yovelTvis raimes badebs; xandaxan geCveneba, rom minis WurWelSi frinvelebs, cxovelebs
da reptiliebs xedav…~]. kaTedrasTan mdgomi kaci, udavod, herme­sis xilvaa, rogorc amas
senioris traqtatidan vigebT. seniori me-10 saukunis arabi avtoria. brZenis aq aRwerili
figura, romelsac muxlebze saidumloe­baTa gadaSlili wigni udevs, „po­lifiles“
Tavfurclidan aris nasesxebi (nax. 4). am tipis uZvelesi xilva, savaraudod, kratesis
wignidan unda iyos. Cvenamde kratesis wignis arabulma Targmanma moaRwia, romelic me-9
saukunes unda ekuTvnodes. wignis umetesi nawili berZnuli warmoSobisaa da, amdenad, ufro
Zvelia. berTelos TargmanSi vkiTxulobT: `Semdeg vixile moxuci brZeni, adamianTa Soris
umSvenieresi pirisaxiT, TeTr samosSi gamowyobili, wigniT xelSi da kaTedraze mjdomi.
roca vikiTxe, vin iyo es brZeni, mipasuxes: „es aris hermes trismegistosi. wignSi, romelic
xelSi uWiravs, im saidumlo­ebaTa ganmartebebia, romelTac igi adamianebs umalavs“ (Chimie
au moyen âge III, p. 46 ff.).
8 De alch. diff., l. c., p. 199.

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

9 Mus. herm., p. 574 [Sendivogius].

10 Compendium: Bibl. chem. I, p. 875.
11 Speculativa philosophia: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 275.
12 Hoghelande, De alch. diff.: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 150.
13 Theatr. chem. (1622) V, p. 884.
14 Sesabamisi nawyvetis teqsti: „…quasi Materia Hypostatica fingit se in aquam demersum per
illusionem…“ iluzias SeiZleba„demergere“-sTan an „fingere“-sTan hqondes kavSiri. radgan
pirvelidan azri ar gamomdinareobs, amitom meores virCev.
15 Della Tramutazione metallica sogni tre. „Somnia credentur vix; non tamen omnia falsa, Quae tali fuerint
praemeditata viro“ [`Znelia endo sizmrebs, Tumca yvela sizmari rodi tyuis, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, roca aseT adamians esizmreba~].
16 Art. aurif. I, p. 146 ff.
17 Berthelot, Chimie au moyen âge III, p. 319 f.
18 ix. Cemi Die Visionen des Zosimos.
19 Sendivogius, Parabola: Bibl. chem. II, p. 474 f. – kunrati (Hyleal. Chaos, p. 42) wers: „kabalisturi
habitaculum Materiae Lapidis Sesaxeb pirvelad RvTaebrivi gamo­cxadebiT SevityveT (igi
erTdroulad Seqmnilicaa da xelTuqmnelic) ZilSic, RviZilSic da fantaziaSic“.
20 De ratione conficiendi lapidis: Theatr. chem. (1602) II, p. 256.
21 l. c., p. 184 f.
22 aseTive mosazrebas vxvdebiT hogelandesTan: De alch. diff.: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 154; asevea
ruskas mier gamocemul Turba-Sic, p. 155, 8; Mus. herm., pp. 8, 55, 75 da 212; dorni, Physica
Trismegisti: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 413.
23 hogelande eyrdnoba Turba-s, XXXIX (gamomc. ruska), gv. 147, 2: „maius est, quam quod ratione
percipiatur <nisi> divina inspiratione“ [`metismetad didia imisTvis, rom gonebiT wvdoma SevZloT,
Tu ara RvTaebrivi STagonebiT~].
24 l. c., p. 205.
25 Sendivogius, Novum lumen: Mus herm., p. 577: „…materia prima, quam solus Deus scit“.
26 khunrath, l. c., p. 71 f.– yuradReba miaqcieT logosze nagulisxmev miTiTebas (ioane, 1, 9-11).
27 Instructio de arbore: Theatr. chem. VI, p. 168.
28 „Quaeso, oculis mentis hanc grani triticei arbusculam secundum omnes suas circumstantias aspice, ut arborem
Philosophorum, eodem modo plantare… queas“.
29 Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 472: „Ex alijs nunquam unum facies quod quaeris, nisi prius ex teipso fiat unum“.
30 eyrdnoba, albaT, Tabula Smargdina-s (gamomc. ruska, p. 2): „Et sicut omnes res fuerunt ab uno, meditatione
unius: sic omnes res natae“ [`yvelaferi Cndeba ise, rogorc yovelive warmodgeba erTidan,
erTze meditaciiT~]. amasve ukavSirdeba moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadac alqimikoss raime
seriozuli fizikuri nakli an xinji ar unda hqonoda. ix. gebersis Summa perfectionis, lib. I, p.
24: „Si vero fuerit artificis corpus debile et aegrotum, sicut febrientium, vel leprosorum corpora, quibus membra
cadunt, et in extremis vitae laborantium, et iam aetatis decrepitae senum, ad artis complementum non perveniet.
His igitur naturalibus corporis impotentijs impeditur artifex in intentione sua“ [`Tu ostati kidu­rebmompali
keTrovaniviT sneulia an susti janmrTeloba aqvs, an da­uZlu­rebuli moxuciviT itanjeba,

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karl gustav iungi

an im adamianiviT, visac sikvdili moax­lo­ebia, saqmes ver daasrulebs. sxeulis bunebrivi

uuna­robis gamo igi SezRu­dulia Tavis qmedebebSi~]. meore Zveli teqsti Septem tractatus seu
capitula Hermetis Trismegisti, aurei, Ars chem.-Si, Kp. I, p. 11 imave rCevas gvaZlevs: „Ecce vobis exposui,
quod celatum fuerat, quoniam opus vobiscum, et apud vos est, quod intus arripiens et permanens in terra vel
in mari habere potes“ [`me gangimarteT is, rac dafarulia; da Tu mas daeuflebiT, SegiZliaT
zRvazec da xmeleT­zec Tan iqonioT~].
31 Art. Aurif. II, p. 244 f. ruska (Turba, p. 342) Rosarium-s me-15 saukunis Sua periods miakuTvnebs.
32 „Pone ergo mentem tuam super salem, nec cogites de alijs. Nam in ipsa sola occultatur scientia et arcanum
praecipuum et secretissimum omnium antiquorum Philosophorum“. mangetusis (Bibl. chem. II, p. 95)
versia Seicavs „ipsa sola“-s; aseve Rosarium-is pirveli da 1593 wlis gamocemebic. samwuxarod,
xelnaweri ver movipove.
33 ix. „sal sapientiae“, romelsac naTlobis Zveli ritualis mixedviT naTluls aZleven.
34 l. c., pp. 257, 260 da 262.
35 l. c., p. 258.
36 Art. Aurif. II, p. 214 f.: „et vide secundum naturam, de qua regenerantur corpora in visceribus terrae. Et hoc
imaginare per veram imaginationem et non phantasticam“.
37 l. c., p. 243: „Et invenitur in omni loco, et in quolibet tempore, et apud omnem rem, cum inquisitio aggravat
inquirentem“.
38 sasuliero piri londonis wminda pavles taZarSi, pap gregorIX-is piradi eqimi (1252)
(Ferguson, Bibliotheca chemica II, p. 270 f.).
39 Theatr. chem. (1602), II, p. 444.
40 `Parmenides...qui me primum retraxit ab erroribus, et in rectam viam direxit~, Liber de alchemiae: theatr. chem
(1602), I, p. 795.
41 Dealch. diff.: Theatr. chem., 1 c., p. 213 f.
42 1 c., p., 206.
* `me vixile srulyofileba~ (laT).
43 Opusculum philosophiae naturalis: Theatr: chem. (1602) I, pp. 813 da 815 f. [`me vixile dasasruli _ GEm
Tvalwin baJaRlo oqrod qceuli~]
44 Correctorium alchymiae: Theatr. chem. (1602), II, p. 451.
45 l. c., p. 459.
46 Theatr. chem. (1602), I.
* spagiriki – wamlis damzadebis alqimiuri meTodi (laT. spagiricus – „alqi­mikosi“; fr.
spagirie – „qimia“) (mTargmn.).
47 Philosophia chemica: Theatr. chem. (1602), I, p. 485: „Verum forma quae hominis est intellectus, initium est, medium
et finis in praeparationibus: et ista denotatur a croceo colore, quo quidem indicatur hominem esse maiorem formam
et principalem in orepe spagirico“. „Forma“ moqmedebs „informatio“-s meSveobiT, romelsac „fermentatio“-
sac uwodeben. „Forma“ ideis identuria. oqro, vercxli da a. S. materiis formebia, amitom is,
vinc gamoWedavs oqros formas
„informis massa“-dan an qaosidan, oqros damzadebasac SeZlebs.
48 Theatr. chem. V, p. 114 ff.

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 alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

49 l. c., p. 137.
50 es wigni ganmartavs „quid separetur et praeparetur“-s.„separatio“, anu „solutio“, niSnavs pirveladi
materiis elementebad daSlas.
51 teqstSi vkiTxulobT: „… liber in exaltatione animae, cum sit separatio naturae, et ingenium in conversione
sua a materia sua“. „Anima“ Tavis sxeuls scildeba (separatio). is, rogorc „ingenium“-i, sxeulis
da „sulis“ damaxasiaTebeli Tvi­sebaa, romlis ma­terialuri bunebac unda gardaiqmnas.
52 „Est sicut praeparatio totius, et conversio naturae ad simplex… et necesse est in eo elevari ab animalitate, plus
quam natura, ut assimuletur praeparation(e) ipsis intelligentiis, altissimis veris“. mTavari saqme inteleqtis
xvedria; es aris sublimacia umaRles safexuramde, sadac bu­­neba martiv elementebad
gar­daiqmneba da Tavisi bunebiT sulebs, ange­lo­zebsa da maradiul ideebs enaTesaveba. am
safexurs meore mwkrivis cecx­­li Seesabameba, „qui est super omnia elementa, et agit in eis“ [`romelic
aRemateba yvela elements da maTSi moqmedebs~], mesame mwkrivSi mas gardaqmnili bu­nebis
eTeruli (umaRlesi) forma Seesabameba, meoTxeSi ki – mTeli proce­duris mizani.
53 am mwkrivs win darTuli aqvs Semdegi SeniSvna: „Vel si vis potes illas <scl. exaltationes> comparare
elementis“ [`Tu ginda, es amaRleba elementebs Seudare~].
54 „Rationi vere dirigenti ad veritatem“ [`goneba, romelic marTlac WeSma­ri­tebisken migviZRvis~].
55 „effectus“ gardaqmnis procesis wina safexurze miuTiTebs.
56 ’Ανωτάτω μεν ουν ειναι τò πυρ. (Diogenes Laertius, Das Leben grosser Philosophen, VII, 1: Zeno-s Sesaxeb,
137).
57 stoikuri moZRvreba.
58 laktanciusTanac (Institutiones, VII, 12) samSvinvels manaTobeli, cecxlo­vani buneba aqvs.
59 Aristoteles, De coelo, I, 3 da Meteorologica, I, 3.
60 aristotelesTan (Meteor., XII, 7) RmerTi aris ουσία τις αίδιος και ακίνητος [`maradiuli da
ucvleli~].
61 aseTive mosazreba gvxvdeba fexnerTanac (Elemente der Psychophysik II, p. 526): „is, rac
fsiqologiurad martivi da erTgvarovania, fizikurad mraval­fe­rovans uerTdeba,
fizikurad mravalferovani ki fsiqikur simartivemde, erTgvarovnebamde ikumSeba“.
62 Liber quartorum: Theatr. chem. V, pp. 145 da 144.
* laTinuridan Targmna lali koWlamazaSvilma.
63 nacvlad „intelligentiae“-si.
64 nacvlad „intelligentia“-si.
65 nacvlad „et quid“-isa.
* laTinuridan Targmna lali koWlamazaSvilma.
66 l. c., p. 144: „Sedentes super flumina Eufrates, sunt Caldaei… priores, qui adinvenerumt exstrahere cogitationem“
[`mdinare evfratis sanapiroebze mcxovrebi qal­develebi iyvnen pirvelebi, vinc
„azrovnebis“ arsi Seicno~].
67 l. c., p. 137.
68 „Si utaris opere exteriori, non utaris nisi occipitio capitis, et invenies“ [`Tu Sen operaciis fizikur mxares
iyeneb, maSin „Occiput“-i unda ixmaro da mizansac maSin miaRwev~] (l. c., p. 124).
69 „Os capitis est mundum et est… minus os, quod sit in (h)omine <Text: nomine>, et vas mansionis cogitationis et
intellectus…“ [`Tavis qala wmindaa da Tanac adamianis SedarebiT patara Zvalia. is gonebisa da

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karl gustav iungi

azrovnebis WurWelia~] (l. c., p. 124).

70 „Res convertuntur per tempus ad intellectum per certitudinem, quantum partes assimulantur in compositione et in
forma. Cerebrum vero propter vicinitatem, cum anima rationali“ [`kavSiri „et“ aq SeiZleba gamovtovoT~]
permixtioni oportuit assimulari, et anima rationalis est simplext sicut diximus“.
71 Speculativa philosophia: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 265.
72 l. c., p. 298.
73 l. c., p. 264.
74 l. c., p. 266.
75 l. c., p. 267: „Transmutemini de lapidibus mortuis in vivos lapides philosophicos“.
76 Le Tableau des riches inventions.
77 Ioannes a Mehung (Jean De Menuh, daibada 1250-1280 wlebSi), Demonstatio naturae: Mus. herm. „…liberi
vacuique animi“ (p. 157).
78 Thoma Nortonus Anglus, Tractatus chymicus, Kp. VI: Mus. herm. „Nam mens ejus cum opere consentiat…“ (p.
519).
79 Aquarium sapientum: Mus. herm., p. 107.
80 Aurora I, Kp. X, mexuTe igavi, pp. 90 da 92: De domo thesauraria: „Et Alphidius: Scito, quod hanc scientiam habere
non poteris, nisi mentem tuam Deo purifices, hoc est in corde omnem corruptionem deleas“.
81 teqstSi: „…virtus, de qua dicitur, virtus ornat animam, et Hermes, et recipit virtutem superiorum et inferiorum
Planetarum, et sua virtute penetrat omnem rem solidam…“ [`Zala, romlis Sesaxebac amboben, rom
samSvinvels da hermess amkobs: samSvinveli zeda da qveda planetebis Zalebs ikrebs da
yvela myar sxeuls ganmsWvalavs~] (l. c., p. 190); Sdr. ruska, Tabula smaragdina (p. 2): „…et recipit
vim superiorum et inferiorum“.
82 teqstSi citirebulia efes. 4, 23 f.: „…renovamini [autem] spiritu mentis vestrae, et induite novum
hominem…“[`da ganaxldebodeT Tquen suliTa miT gonebisa Tquenisa¡Ta da SeimoseT axali
igi kaci~]; iqve damatebulia: „hoc est inte­llec­tum subtilem“.
83 1. c., I, Kp. IX, meoTxe igavi (p. 76): „…de corpore, de quo canitur: Horridas nostrae mentis purge tenebras.“
84 l. c.: „Senior: et facit omne nigrum album…“
85 -is mixedviT: Art. aurif II. p. 228. teqsti Summa perfectionis ufro detaluria. V Tavi mTlianad mas
eTmoba. am Tavis saTauria „De impedimentis ex parte animae arificis“. ix. Darmstaedter, Die Alchemie des
Geber, p. 20 ff.
86 Rosarium: Art. aurif. II, p. 227: „Deum timere, in quo dispositionis tuae visus est, et adiuvatio cuiuslibet sequestrati“.
citata amoRebulia Tractatus aureus-is savaraudod pirveli gamoce­midan da Semdeg grZeldeba
II Tavidan, sadac me-14 gverdze vkiTxu­lobT: „Fili mi, ante omnia moneo te Deum timere, in quo est
nisus tuae dispositionis et adunatio cuiuslibet sequestrati“ [`Svilo Cemo, pativi miage ufalsa Sensa da
gulisyuri misken miapyar, rad­gan igia saukeTeso Tanamgzavri mar­tosulTa gzaze~].
87 Morieni Romani quondam eremitae Hierosolymitani, De re metallica da a. S., ix. Reitzenstein, Alchemistische
Lehrschriften und Märchen bei der Arabern. morienusi (morienesi an marianusi) gadmocemis Tanaxmad
princ kalid ibn iazid ibn muavias (635-704) maswavlebeli unda yofiliyo. ix. Lippmann,
Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, p. 357. igive nawyveti gvxvdeba Morieni Romani eremitae
Hierosolymitani sermo-Si: Art. aurif. II, p. 22 f.
88 „Quibus eam a primaeva rerum natura conferre disposuit“ (p. 22).

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89 „…animos suos etiam ipsi regere non possunt diutius nisi usque ad terminum“da a. S. (p. 23).
90 l. c., p. 18: „…nisi per animae afflictionem“.
91 Symbola, p. 568.
92 l. c., p. 144.
93 l. c., p. 143.
94 „Meditatio dicitur, quoties cum aliquo alio colloquium habetur internum, qui tamen non videtur. Ut cum Deo ipsum
invocando, vel cum seipso, vel proprio angelo bono.“ es mosazreba ignatius fon loiolas „colloquium“-
s Seesabameba. avtorebi xazs usvamen meditaciis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas. magaliTebis
moyvana zedmetad mimaCnia.
95 ix. Cemi naSromi Die Beziehungen [par. 341 ff.].
96 Intriotus apertusMus. herm-Si.
97 „…novamque volatilitatem citra ullam manuum impositionem meditabitur“.
98 amasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT mahmadianuri legenda omaris meCeTSi (ieru­salimSi) qvis
Sesaxeb, romelic muhameds cad amaRlebisas Tan unda gahyoloda.
99 Hyleal. Chaos, p. 274.
100 teqsti citirebulia xelnaweridan Figurarum aegyptiorum secretarum: „Ab omni aevo aegyptiorum
sacerdotes“ [p. 1]. Colophon: „laus jesu in saecula“. am xelnaweris suraTebi me-18 saukunis #973
xelnaweris identuria. orive xelnaweri amoRebulia nikolas flamelis Pratique-dan. Cems
xelT arsebuli xelnaweris laTinuri teqstis warmomavloba jerjerobiT cnobili ar aris
(ix. sur. 23, 148, 157 da 164).
* egvipteli qurumebi.
101 Art. aurif. I, p. 146 ff. ix. ruskas Targmani Historische Studien und Skizzen zur Natur- und Heilwissenschaft,
p. 22 ff. xilvebis ufro Zveli seriebi aRwera zosimem περί αρετης-Si da kratesma (Berthelot, Chemie
au moyen âge III, p. 44 ff.)
102 „…astrum in homine, coeleste sive supracoeleste corpus.“ radgan rulandis teqsti paracelsusis
teqsts Seesabameba, mkiTxvels Cems naSroms Paracelsus als geistige Erscheinung-s davusaxelebdi.

103 [`sagnebze Zalauflebis mosapoveblad saWiroa momzadeba~]; amiT aixsne­ba „extractum“-i, anu
„quinta essentia“.
104 figulusi wers (Rosarium novum, gv. 109): „Anima faqizi uxilavi kvamliviTaa“.
105 Mus. herm.,p. 601 ff.
106 „Illa gubernat mentem “ (1. c., p. 617)
107 „… exequitur nisi in mente“ (1. c., p. 617)
108 AVALON, The serpent Power.

359