Unit 1 Test: Chapters 1-8 1.

Which of the following best describes the impact European colonization had on the Western Hemispheres native population? a. The native population was highly respected in terms of territorial possessions and religious beliefs b. The Europeans for the most part did not interact with the native population c. Spain was the only European country to successfully create an alliance with the native population d. Spain worked in conjunction with the Aztecs and Incas to harvest South Americas resources e. Native populations were often killed off or driven away by the Europeans 2. Which of the following imperial powers originally settled the Hudson River Valley? a. Holland b. England c. France d. Sweden e. Portugal 3. The colony of Georgia was a. Comparatively the most democratic English colony b. Established by Spain in order to protect its colony of Florida c. Established by England as a penal colony d. Organized by English Catholics who had been persecuted by the Anglican church e. Eventually decided to Spain in return for Florida 4. Which English colony was established by proprietors that also had investments in the slave trade and therefore introduced slavery to their colony? a. New York b. Pennsylvania c. Virginia d. The Carolinas e. Maryland 5. The Duke of Baltimore established the colony of Maryland a. As an opportunity to invest in that colonys maritime industry b. In order to prevent France from seizing that territory c. As a haven for persecuted English Catholics d. For Quakers who had been evicted from Pennsylvania e. After failing to colonize the Carolinas

6. French immigrants to the New World tended to inhabit a. Canada b. Florida c. Territory east of the Appalachian Mts. d. Southern colonies e. The Middle Atlantic colonies 7. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams a. Established religious freedom for Jews and Catholics b. Supported freedom of religion for Huguenots c. Established complete religious freedom for all of the colonys settlers d. Established mandatory church attendance e. Abolished religious practices throughout the colony 8. Which of the following sought to exploit the lucrative fur trade in North America? a. The French b. The British c. The French and Dutch d. The Portuguese e. The Spanish 9. John Winthrop is associated with which colony? a. New Amsterdam b. Massachusetts Bay Colony c. Jamestown d. Quebec e. Pennsylvania 10. A major goal of the French in wanting to maintain control over the Ohio Valley was to a. Prevent attacks by Native Americans on their forts and outposts b. Eventually expand into Canada c. Merge its landholdings from Canada to the Mississippi Valley d. Exploit the lumber trade e. Prevent Spain from taking control of the Mississippi River 11. The most immediate objective of the Albany Congress was to a. Bring to an end the French and Indian War b. Unite French and American settlers in order to defeat hostile Native American tribes c. Convince American colonists to boycott British-made goods d. End hostilities between Native Americans and the French settlers in the Ohio Valley e. Improve relations with Iroquois tribes

12. As a result of the British victory in the French and Indian War a. Relations between French and Americans colonists improved dramatically b. France was able to hold on to Canada but lost the rest of its North American empire c. The Americans and British developed a mutual respect for each others military abilities d. Britain returned the lower Mississippi Valley to Spain e. None of the above 13. Under Britains mercantilist policy a. Britain and the other imperialist powers worked out a trade agreement that would prevent conflict b. The colonies were expected to export more finished goods than they imported c. Trade restrictions on the colonies were forbidden d. The colonies were expected to supply Great Britain with raw materials e. The colonies enjoyed considerable political and economic growth 14. Prior to the 1760s, Britains Navigation Acts a. Were effective in raising enormous revenue for the Crown b. Prevented the American colonies from shipping raw materials to Great Britain c. Were only loosely enforced in the American colonies d. None of the above 15. The Declaration of Rights (adapted from the Suffolk Resolves by the delegates to the First Continental Congress) declared the ____________ null and void. a. Tea Tax b. Declaratory Acts c. Intolerable Acts d. Quartering Act e. Navigation Laws 16. All of the following are correct regarding the Quebec Act EXCEPT a. It was warmly accepted by American colonists as a way of building a closer relationship with French colonists b. Catholicism was accepted as the official religion of French Quebec c. Americans were suspicious that the non- representative assembly established in Quebec would set a precedent for British rule in the American Colonies d. Americans were angry that Quebecs territory was extended to the Ohio River e. It was an attempt to incorporate the French Canadians into the British North American Empire

17. Which one of the following was NOT an advantage the British had in their war effort to suppress the American rebellion? a. A larger military b. Shorter supply lines c. Any colonists, either supporting the British or indifferent d. A larger and stronger navy e. Greater financial resources 18. The Declaration of Rights a. Was issued by Parliament to grant greater autonomy for colonial governments b. Was a formal declaration of war issued by the First Continental Congress c. Was written by George Washington d. Was viewed by King George III a positive effort by the First Continental Congress to prevent an outbreak of hostilities e. Was rejected by the British Parliament 19. The opening shots of the American Revolution occurred at a. The Battles of Lexington and Concord b. The Battle of Bunker Hill c. The Boston Massacre d. The Battle of Saratoga e. Valley Forge 20. The Olive Branch Petition a. Was an attempt by the British to reach a political settlement after their defeat at the Battle of Saratoga b. Was offered by radicals in the First Continental Congress to more moderate delegates in an attempt to unify colonial opposition to British policies c. Was issued by France in an attempt to bring hostilities between the British and Americans to an end d. Was offered to Native American tribes by the First Continental Congress to gain their support in the war against the British e. Was an attempt by the First Continental Congress to prevent further hostilities after the Battler of Bunker Hill 21. Thomas Paine a. Was Britains prime minster during the early stage of the American Revolution b. Was president of the First Continental Congress c. Wrote Common Sense, an appeal to the colonists to resist the British and establish a republican form of government d. Was the leader of the radicals in the Second Continental Congress e. Was the British general who surrendered his army at Yorktown

22. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the American Revolution because a. The French entered the war on the American side b. The last major British army in North America surrendered to Washingtons army here c. Most Americans who had been Tories decided to switch sides and fight for independence d. The British issued the Olive Branch Petition, in which they agreed to open peace negotiations with the Americans e. American public opinion began to turn against the war 23. The argument that abuses and usurpations by King George and his government violated the social contest that had existed between Britain and its American colonies was articulated in a. The Declaratory Act b. The Treaty of Paris c. The Declaration of Rights d. The Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms e. The Declaration of Independence 24. The Regulator Movement, Bacons Rebellion, and the Paxton Boys a. Were the names of Tory militia units who fought against the American revolutionaries in the war b. Indicate to some historians the undemocratic nature of pre-Revolutionary American society c. Were Massachusetts radicals who participated in the Boston Tea Party d. Were Black American military units who fought for American independence e. Organized committees of correspondence to unite American colonial opposition to the tea tax 25. The Treaty of Paris (1783) included the following terms EXCEPT a. Britain formally recognized American independence b. Britain was allowed to maintain several forts in the area west of the Appalachian Mountains in order to protect its trading posts c. American fishing ships were given permission to fish off the coast of Newfoundland d. The Americans promised to compensate loyalists whose property had been confiscated during the war e. The American government promised not to legally interfere with British creditors who were seeking payment on debts owed to them by Americans

26. The colonists who ultimately embraced the vision of America as an independent nation had in common all of the following characteristics EXCEPT a. The desire to create an agricultural society b. Learning to live lives unfettered by the tyrannies of royal authority c. Learning to live lives unfettered the tyrannies of official religion d. An unwillingness to subjugate others e. Learning to live lives unfettered by the tyrannies of social hierarchies 27. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most important for the future of the United States was a. Santa Fe b. Quebec c. Jamestown d. Massachusetts Bay e. Saint Augustine 28. The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to a. Achieve colonial unity and common defense against French threat b. Propose independence of the colonies from Britain c. Declare war on the Iroquois tribe d. Prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies e. Gain peace with France 29. The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following? a. Introduced a tax on tea b. Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market c. Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle d. Forbade all trade with the French West Indies e. Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council 30. The Navigations Acts were part of the British policy known as a. Isolationism b. Capitalism c. Mercantilism d. Monopolism e. Imperialism

31. Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution? a. French military and financial assistance b. The failure of the loyalists to participate in military action c. Support from the French Canadians d. The British failure to capture Philadelphia 32. The 1649 Maryland Toleration Act did which of the following? a. Removed all restrictions on the practice of religion b. Provided for the separation of church and state c. Granted religious freedom to all Christians who accepted the Trinity d. Led immediately to the persecution of Protestant colonists e. Led immediately to the persecution of Catholic colonists 33. Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening? a. It primarily affected church organizations in towns and cities b. Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers c. It was primarily a southern phenomenon d. It resulted in divisions within both the Congregationalist and Presbyterian Churches e. It was denounced by Jonathon Edwards 34. The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? a. It enabled England to deport most criminals b. It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America c. It delayed the establishment of slavery on the south until about 1750 d. It instituted social equality e. It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the south 35. The Dutch settled New Netherlands primarily to a. Secure a refuge for the persecuted b. Check the growth of English colonies c. Expand their commercial and mercantile network d. Gain colonies to produce agricultural surpluses e. Secure naval supplies 36. France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following a. The defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga b. American Naval victories on the Great Lakes c. The dispatch of an American peace mission to Britain d. An ultimatum by American diplomats e. A personal plea by George Washington

37. Which of the following colonies required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing? a. PA b. Mass c. VA d. MD e. RI 38. The Great Awakening refers to a. A growth of European awareness of the New World in the 1500s b. The impact of the Enlightenment on colonial thought in the early 1700s c. A wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740s d. The beginning of the colonial movement toward independence from Great Britain e. Growth of technology that contributed to increase industrialization in the early 1800s 39. The first Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT a. Separatism and secession from established churches b. The renewed persecution of witches c. The growth of institutions of higher learning d. A flourishing of the missionary spirit e. A greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith 40. In which of the following North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700s a. The southern colonies only b. The middle and southern colonies only c. The tobacco and rice growing colonies only d. All the colonies except PA and the New England colonies e. All the colonies 41. All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT: a. Most soldiers were draftees b. The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home c. The army had inadequate arms and ammunition d. The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money e. The army was inadequately fed and clothed

42. Which of the following was true of most Puritans who emigrated to seventeenth century New England a. They had renounced the Church of England b. They rejected the authority of the English king c. They considered themselves non-separatists d. The approved of the crowns religious policy e. They intended to return eventually to England 43. The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to a. Encourage western migration b. Avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians c. Gain much-needed revenue d. Drive out French colonists e. Provide a haven for Catholics 44. By the 1750s the British Colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a. Disdain for British constitutional monarchy b. Many religious denominations c. A society without hereditary aristocracy d. A growing number of non-British settlers e. Acceptance of slavery as a labor system 45. In the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of slavery in British North America a. It was prohibited only in Massachusetts and Connecticut b. It was opposed by the Anglican Church c. Slaves officially accounted for more than 30% of the colonial population d. The number of slaves increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century e. Most slaves lived on plantations with 50 or more slaves 46. By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in Republican government, sovereignty was located in a. The people b. Parliament c. State government d. Factions e. A centralized government

47. Which of the following was true of the northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began to colonization? a. Their economies depended entirely on hunting and gathering b. Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans c. Their populations were immune to European diseases d. Their warriors rarely engaged in intertribal warfare e. The cultures made no distinction between mens work and womens work 48. The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a. The colonists demonstrated their willingness to use violence rather than legal means to frustrate the British b. The crisis coincided with a British decision to garrison regular troops in American cities c. American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable d. The British maintained that the colonies had no right to independence from parliamentary authority e. Patriot leaders claimed that the act denied them their British birthrights 49. The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following a. The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans b. The granting of suffrage to non-church members c. The expansion of womens power within the Congregational church d. The granting of full membership in the Congregational church e. The posting of banns by engaged couples 50. The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to a. Raise revenue to support British troops stationed in America b. Reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods c. Fund the colonial postal system d. Impose a mercantilist system on the colonies e. Reduce the authority of the colonial legislature 51. The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT a. Appeal to the philosophy of natural rights b. Call for the abolition of the slave trade c. Appeal to the sympathies of the English people d. Criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 e. Accuse George III of tyranny