Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Kabataan, Bantayan
at Protektahan!
1
SITUATION ANALYSIS
CHILD LABOR
2
focus on their studies. Because of child labor, children suffer from
malnutrition, hampered growth, and improper biological development.
CHILD
CHILD WORK
CHILD LABOR
3
BONDED LABOR
4
However, there are problems with the obvious solution of abolishing
child labor. First, there is no international agreement defining child
labor. Countries not only have different minimum age work
restrictions, but also have varying regulations based on the type of
labor. This makes the limits of child labor very ambiguous. Most would
agree that a six year old is too young to work, but whether the same
can be said about a twelve year old is debatable.
5
According to the National Statistics Office survey, there are
about 4 million working children in the country today.
6
-- (CWC)
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Child Trafficking
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There still remains a lack of national baseline information on the
trafficking of Filipino children. Several factors that contribute to the
dearth of data on the issue are: the underground nature of trafficking;
the stigma placed on victims of sexual exploitation; the absence of a
law on trafficking that defines the acts; the lack of a name for the
problem in the community level and awareness of acts of trafficking as
violations of human rights, thus the low rate of reporting; and the
same lack of awareness among many government agencies and NGOs,
thus the few interventions and documentations of cases.
While the victim is the one often seen in trafficking, there are
several actors, who exploit that have to be named – recruiter, pimp,
conniving airport officials, immigration officials, establishment owner in
destination areas, buyers, governments that consider overseas
migration as primary employment strategy, and governments that earn
from this industry.
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Child Domestic Labor
For one, they can hardly find the time, energy and money to
realize this ambition. Odds are definitely stacked up against the DCLs.
10
The following are the DCL indicators:
His/Her leisure hours are limited and is under strict control from
an adult member in the family;
-- (LPI)
-- (book III title III chapter III article 141 Labor Code of the Philip-
pines)
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Street Child Labor
The following are the prominent figures that appeared from a study
conducted in Cubao, Quezon City:
• Almost all are living with their families, either on the streets
(street families) or in a rented room in one of the marginalized
areas within Cubao such as Escopa 3 and 4, 138 and 139 Ermin
Garcia, 116 New York, Arayat, Harvard, along EDSA- Kamias and
others.
• Average years of staying in the street are 4-6 years, for 7-12
hours everyday.
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Priority Issues, Needs and Concerns…
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FACTORS CAUSING THE PROBLEM OF CHILD LABOR
Family structure
If one of the child’s parents were already deceased and they are
having financial problems or if they were separated and the child
doesn’t receive any money, the tendency for that child is to find a way
to earn additional income for them to survive and also this is a way for
him/her to continue studying.
14
If the parents were both deceased, the child would end up with his/her
relatives and could lead to child domestic labor. He would be
vulnerable to abuse because he lacks protection from his parents.
15
Traditional factors are also important. The established female
role in certain cultures dictates that women will not fit into traditional
roles if they become educated. Such cultural practices restrict the
education of females and promote child employment. The acceptance
of social class participation perpetuates child labor as well.
Parents often assign different roles into their children. This has
been called child specialization, and may increase the number of
working children. This phenomenon involves certain siblings going to
school while the others work.
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Hazards to Health
Poor nutrition
Death
This is the worst thing that may happen to a child laborer. An ex-
ample of a dangerous job for a child to work for is a pyrotechnic fact-
ory. And one of the reasons that might cause death to the child is the
explosion of the factory that he works for.
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Physical Health Hazards
Since child laborers work without proper work attire, the children
has high-risk of having wounds, bruises and cuts.
Having an idea that child laborers work for someone makes them
feel ashamed. That’s why they are uncomfortable and intimidated to
people who surrounds them for they think that they might get discrim-
inated.
-- (Handling Worst Forms of Child Labor, The SBM Approach)
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It means governments agree to protect children from
discrimination, sexual and commercial exploitation and violence, and
to take particular care of orphans and young refugees.
19
UN-CRC Art.35 No one is allowed to kidnap or sell children.
UN-CRC Art.36 Children have the right to protection from any other
kind of exploitation.
UN-CRC Art.41 Children have the right to any rights in laws in your
country or internationally that give you better rights
than these.
UN-CRC Art.42 All adults and children should know about this
convention. You have a right to learn about your
rights and adults should learn about them too.
-- (The Media and Children’s Rights)
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rehabilitation; social security; labour statistics and occupational safety
and health.
21
ILO Convention No.90 (“Night work of young persons employed in
industry”). Ratified in May 1953, the Convention bans the employment
of children in industry at night or the duration of work of at least 12
consecutive hours, including the interval of at least 7 consecutive
hours, from ten in the evening to seven in the morning, for children
aged between 16 and 8 years (Art.2).
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agriculture (1921); trimmers and stokers (1932); nonindustrial
employment (revised in 1937); fishermen (1959); and underground
work (1965).
-- (For Children Who Toil)
23
From its very inception, the IPEC programme has kept its focus
on priority groups of children identified in the Philippine-ILO Indicative
Framework for Action. The priority target groups of children are the
child victims of trafficking, children in mining and quarrying, children in
home-based enterprises, especially under sub-contracting
arrangements, children trapped in prostitution, children in domestic
service, children in deep sea diving and fishing, and children in
commercial plantation agriculture, including sugar and vegetable
production.
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5. Broadening of the social alliances;
6. Professional and technical capability building;
7. Strengthened management and coordination of child labour
programmes.
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exclusive and unconcerned with the interests of the community and
the country.
The natural right and duty of parents in the rearing of the child
for civic efficiency should receive the aid and support of the
government.
Other institutions, like the school, the church, the guild and the
community in general, should assist the home and the State in the
endeavor to prepare the child for the responsibilities of adulthood.
-- (Phil. Nat’l. Strategic Framework for Plan Dev’t. for Children,
2000-2025, Child 21 )
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Exemption of employment for children below 15yrs. old
On Child Trafficking
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(a) To recruit, transport, transfer, harbor, provide, or receive a person
by any means, including those done under the pretext of domestic or
overseas employment or training or apprenticeship, for the purpose of
prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,
involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
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REPUBLIC ACT.8371
-- (LPI)
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On Street Child Labor
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• Master listing of all street children & other children at risk includ-
ing their families
• Resource mapping
• Regular inter-agency meeting, consultation, dialogues & com-
munity assemblies
• Setting up a joint management team
• Conducting local networks projects/activities, advocacy, socio-
cultural development
• Coming up with a referral system & agreements to ensure that
the children & their families receive the needed action and ser-
vices
• Organization of CCPI clusters at the baranggay level to be even-
tually recognized as the original BCPC at the baranggay level and
be an active member of it.
-- (LPI)
On Education
R.A. 7323
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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 275
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National Program Against Child Labor (NPACL)
Despite of their efforts, the NPACL and other initiatives still have gaps
to fill. They still need to identify and articulate the problems
encountered in the implementation of their various interventions and
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to discuss unresolved issues and dilemmas. Among these that require
further efforts are:
COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS
Lack of Awareness
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Lack of participation
They think that it will just be a waste of time for them to parti-
cipate in any program. Excuses were given like “I’m so busy”, “I don’t
know the place”, and “I’m busy with my kids”
Lack of determination
They accept the fact that it is not right for their children to work
but they have no choice but to let their children work for a living.
The children were afraid that if they will stop from working their
parents would be mad at them.
Communication Objectives
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Baseline
Table 2. Who or what is your source about the issue of child labor?
Category F %
Parents 17 17%
Friends/ peers 14 14%
Neighbors 20 20%
Newspapers 32 32%
Internet 4 4%
Seminars 5 5%
Television/radio 63 63%
Others 22 22%
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No answers 11 11%
Based from this baseline, the respondents mostly got their information
and knowledge about CL, CDL, and CT through television and radio.
Out of 100 respondents, 56% said that there are no rules, projects
and programs implemented in their community for minors. 43% said
that there are, and 1% doesn’t know about it.
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Out of 100 respondents 62% of them said that they don’t know any
institutions, agencies or NGOs that’s implementing projects for child
labor and 38% said that they have (e.g. LPI).
Table 5. How will you cooperate in our campaign for the issue of child
labor?
Category F %
Financial assistance 10 10%
Food assistance 18 18%
Help to fix the venue 35 35%
Join the activities 40 40%
Volunteer 57 57%
No answers 5 5%
One year ago Lingap Pangkabataan Inc. started its CDL Program.
There are now 101 Child Domestic Laborers being served and catered
by this program. The CDL program is assisted by US Department of
Labor through the Winrock International’s Community-Based
Innovations to Reduce Child Labor through Education (CIRCLE)
initiative.
Socio-Demographic Profile
SEX
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Almost three-fourths of the Child domestic Laborers involved in
the program are females (75) while the rest (26) are males (see Table
1).
Table 1. Sex
Category f %
Male 26 25.7
Female 75 74.3
TOTAL 101 100.0
This could be due to the nature of the work that these children
provide for their employees, which are mostly household chores. Being
a domestic worker, they do all household chores, including cooking and
washing clothes for males. A male child recounted,
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AGE
Table 2. Age
Category f %
Thirteen 18 17.8
Fourteen 14 13.9
Fifteen 21 20.8
Sixteen 22 21.8
Seventeen 26 25.7
TOTAL 101 100.0
PLACE of ORIGIN
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Region 1 4 4.0
Region 2 7 6.9
Region 3 9 8.9
Region 4 20 19.8
Region 5 11 10.9
Region 6 5 5.0
Region 7 2 2.0
Region 8 6 5.9
Region 9 1 1.0
Region 10 2 2.0
Region 11 1 1.0
Region 12 1 1.0
Region 13 1 1.0
CAR 1 1.0
NCR 13 12.9
ARMM 1 1.0
Not Stated 16 15.8
TOTAL 101 100.0
Most of the children left their families in their own provinces.
Some of the children attested that it was their parents who sent them
in the city to work, for them to continue their studies.
Family Background
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beaten by
1 1.5
adoptive parents
both parents
4 6.2
deceased
father deceased 8 12.3
mother
1 1.5
deceased
father
1 1.5
abandoned
father unknown 2 3.1
father unknown,
mother 1 1.5
deceased
Intact 34 52.3
Separated 10 15.4
separated,
mother 1 1.5
remarried
TOTAL 101 100.0
On the other hand, one of the strong reasons why CDLs accept
domestic jobs is because one of their parents died. This implied that
some of the cases of CDLs handled by Lingap were only due to the fact
that even at an early age, a child had to fill up some of the working
obligations of the deceased parent to his/her family. A female child
when asked how long had she been helping her mother in her laundry
work said,
“Am, simula po nung namatay ang tatay ko… …Nung
August 2005 po.” --- chuchay, 13
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had to work separately, since her mother remarried and already had
another family, after being separated with his father.
NUMBER of SIBLINGS
Table 5. Number of
Siblings
f %
None 6 5.9
One 5 5.0
Two 17 16.8
Three 15 14.9
Four 15 14.9
Five 16 15.8
Six 14 13.9
Seven 7 6.9
Eight 5 5.0
Nine 1 1.0
TOTAL 101
It is true that children who had many siblings go to this job more
often than not since, aside from their parents, they also had to help in
the family’s finances. A discussant said,
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yung dalawang nagtutulungan
para may trabaho.” --- Rita, 16
--Zathurna
Domestic Labor
RELATIONSHIP to EMPLOYER
Table 6. Children’s
Relationship to
Employer
Relationship
f %
to Employer
Related 39 38.6
Non-related 50 49.5
Not Stated 12 11.9
Total 101 100.0
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Some of the participants who are living with their relatives said
they are sent to Manila by their own parents and left them to close
friends/relatives like tito, tita or lola.
Others who worked for people they are not related with said they
were also sent to work for them, since these people would help them
get through their studies. A child also said,
WORK HAZARDS
Deprivation of sleep was the most common hazard that the child
domestic laborers reported. Almost one out of four of the children in
the program experience excessive hours of work (24%). The children
have to wake up early to start their chores. A total of eight
respondents reported that they are prohibited to attend school by their
employer. Less than 1/3 of the children have reported “no” work
hazards (see Table 7).
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attend to school
Deprived of sleep 34 27.2
Hazardous jobs 2 1.6
Others 8 6.4
None 38 30.4
Not Stated 5 4.0
*n=125
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--- Chuchay, 16
Such schedule made them literally busy and deprived of rest and
sleep. Some of them had to wake up early everyday and go to bed late
at night only after they’ve finished their household duties. Only this
time can they finally rest and do their assignments in school.
FREE TIME
The Child Domestic Laborers usually had their rest and recre-
ation after having finished all their tasks for the day. However, some of
them only have their day-offs from work once or twice in one month.
Some of the participants in the FGD said that,
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“Mga bandang, pag natapos ko na po lahat ng gawain sa
bahay, pwede na po akong maglaro. Tapos yun, pupunta
sa mga kaibigan pag bandang hapon na po, tapos yun.
Yun lang po gawain ko.”
SALARY in a MONTH
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can be also noted that almost one fourth of the respondents did not
state their salaries, which is considerably a large percentage already
(see Table 9).
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--- chupeta, 14
Educational Background
SCHOOL
All the children involved in the program attend schools which are
located within Quezon City. Among the children, one out of four is
enrolled in Krus na Ligas High School. Other children attend school at
Camp Gerneral Emilio Aguinald High School (19), Flora Ylagan High
School (20), and Carlos P. Garcia High School (13). A small number of
children go to school at Juan Sumulong High School (2) and Ramon
Magsaysay High School (3) (see Table 10.)
YEAR LEVEL
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Of the 101 child domestic laborers, 29 of them have reached 1st
year high school. An equal number of children have reached 2nd or 3rd
year high school. It must be noted that some of the children have
stopped formal education at one point. Only 7% of the children have
only graduated from elementary (see Table 11).
51
ko po, 2nd year lang natapos. Mga kapatid ko hindi nag-
aaral eh…
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their school projects, field trip fees and uniforms. The project also did
some minor help to the families of those who accidentally burned by
fire.
Children under the program also get to learn lessons about God
which made them enjoy and thankful about Lingap.
Target Audiences
PRIMARY AUDIENCE
Parents: they should be the ones who are with the children most of
the times. They should be the first ones to stop their children to work
but they seem to have become dependent to their child hoping that
they will alleviate them from poverty. They aren’t aware of the projects
made by the local government unit. They do not even know anything
about the Non-Government Organization in their area committed in
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providing services for the children. They need thorough mobilization
indeed.
SECONDARY AUDIENCE
Child laborers: Children lack the knowledge on their own rights. They
are not aware that they should not be working on their young age.
Even if they do, they couldn’t do anything to have themselves
alleviated from their aggravations.
INFLUENTIALS
Schools
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sector does not only need to educate the children but they must also
help in doing other things concerning the nation’s future – the
children.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
Message Strategy:
“MANGGAGAWANG KABATAAN, BANTAYAN AT PROTEKTAHAN”
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Channel Strategy
1. Family day
2. Seminar
3. Film/Documentary Showing
4. Counseling
5. Pamphlets
6. Stickers
7. Tarpaulin
8. Play
9. Music Video/Jingle
10. Streamers
These channels are from the results of our baseline survey that was
held last November 22 and 29, 2006 at Baranggay E. Rodriguez
specifically at 139Compound, Stanford Street, New York St., and Yale
Street. We also based these channels on criteria such as Reach,
Frequency, Impact, access, Cultural Fit and Budget.
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OPERATIONAL PLAN
Schedule/ time Activity Objective Personnel Materials
involved needed/ budget
March 2, 2007 Hanging of To provide Whole group
10:00 am – 2:00 tarpaulin, awareness with LPI
pm streamers to the representative/s
And house to audiences
house
distribution
of pamphlets
and stickers
March 7, 2007 Gathering of for the Jessica, Jorife,
1:00pm – 2:00 pm parents orientation Nazel, Krystel,
about CL, Camille, Harold
CDL, CT and with LPI
other child representatives
issues (GD)
March 7, 2007 Venue for the Leonard,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement orientation Danico, Jen,
(GD) Paolo,
Jonathan,
Carloe. Rovel
March 7, 2007 Orientation about CL, Whole group
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm CDL, CT and with LPI
other child representative/s
issues (GD)
March 9, 2007 gathering of for the Jessica, Jorife,
1:00pm – 2:00 pm families documentary Nazel, Krystel,
showing Camille, Harold
with LPI
representative/s
57
March 9, 2007 Venue for the Leonard,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement documentary Danico, Jen,
showing Paolo,
Jonathan,
Carloe. Rovel
March 9, 2007 Documentar For them to Whole group
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm y showing know what’s with LPI
happening representatives
st
March 14, 2007 gathering of for the 1 Leonard,
1:00pm – 2:00 pm families family day Danico, Jen,
Paolo,
Jonathan,
Carloe, with LPI
representative/s
March 16, 2007 Venue For the Jessica, Jorife,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement seminar Nazel, Krystel,
Camille, Harold,
Rovel
March 16, 2007 Seminar For the Whole group
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm regarding audience to with ate Kat,
children’s know more ate Nila, Kuya
rights about the Russel and
children’s Kuya Rex
rights
March 21, 2007 Gathering of For the 2nd Jessica, Jorife,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm parents with family day Nazel, Krystel,
children/ Camille, Harold,
grand with LPI
children For representative/s
the 2nd
family day
March 21, 2007 Venue For the 2nd Leonard,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement family day Danico, Jen,
Paolo,
Jonathan,
Carloe, Rovel
March 21, 2007 2nd Family For them to Whole group
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm day (Plays, have quality with LPI
Parlor games time and representatives
for children) bond with
each other
March 23, 2007 Gathering of For the Jessica, Jorife,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm parents documentary Nazel, Krystel,
showing Camille, Harold,
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with LPI
representative/s
March 23, 2007 Venue For the Leonard,
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement documentary Danico, Jen,
showing Paolo,
Jonathan,
Carloe, Rovel
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MONITORING SCHEME (Pre-Campaign Period)
Timeframe Activity Target Actual output Remarks
output
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Jan. 15- 27, 2007 Finding of To finish all
sponsors, activities
canvassing with in the
and planning week
of IEC
materials
and venue
for the
campaign
proper.
Jan. 28- Feb. 10, Recording of To finish he
jingle, follow said
2007
up for the activities
sponsors, and have
making raw the
mats for the donations by
documentary this weeks
Feb. 10- 17, 2007 Completion To have this
of the IEC on time so
materials we could
and venue show it to
for the LPI
campaign
Feb. 18-28 Finalization To polish the
of the said
programs for campaign
the that will
campaign, start on
(e.g. family march.
day, FGD,
GD,etc.)
61
Timeframe Activity Target Actual Remarks
output output
62
March 2, 2007 Hanging of To hang the
10:00 am – 2:00 pm tarpaulin, tarp and
streamers streamers
and house to and
house disseminate
distribution all the
of pamphlets pamphlets
and stickers and stickers
March 7, 2007 Gathering of To gather at
1:00pm – 2:00 pm parents for least 50
the persons for
orientation the GD
about CL,
CDL, CT and
other child
issues (GD)
March 7, 2007 Venue To arrange
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement the venue
for the accordingly
orientation for the GD
(GD)
March 7, 2007 orientation To provide
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm about CL, awareness
CDL, CT and and organize
other child the program
issues (GD)
March 9, 2007 gathering of To gather at
1:00pm – 2:00 pm families for
least 50
the
documentary viewers
showing
March 9, 2007 Venue To arrange
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement the venue of
for the the
documentary documentary
showing viewing
63
1:00pm – 2:00 pm families for least 50
the 1st family
families
day
March 14, 2007 Venue Arrange the
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement
venue for 50
for the 1st
family day families
March 14, 2007 1st Family To conduct
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm day and organize
(programs, the 1st family
plays, day
discussion)
March 16, 2007 Gathering of To gather at
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm Parents for
least 50
seminar
regarding parents
children’s
rights
March 16, 2007 Venue Arrange the
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement venue for
the seminar
March 16, 2007 Seminar For the
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm regarding parents to
children’s know more
rights about the
rights of the
children
March 21, 2007 Gathering of Gather at
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm parents with least 50
children/ families with
grand grand
children parents
March 21, 2007 Venue Arrange the
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement venue
accordingly
March 21, 2007 2nd Family To conduct
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm day (Plays, the program
Parlor games as planned
for children)
March 23, 2007 Gathering of To gather at
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm parents least 50
parents
March 23, 2007 Venue Arrange the
64
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement venue
accordingly
March 23, 2007 Documentar For them to
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm y showing have
and awareness
discussion
March 28, 2007 Gathering of To gather at
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm parents/ least 50
elders families
March 28, 2007 Venue Arrange the
1:00 pm – 2:00 pm arrangement venue
accordingly
March 28, 2007 Focused The parents
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm Group would
Discussion answer the
(FGD) questions
regarding correctly and
issues about participate
Children
March 30, 2007 pm Gathering of To gather 50
1:00 – 2:00 pm parents/ elders parents/
elders
March 30, 2007 pm Venue Arrange the
1:00 – 2:00 pm arrangement venue for
the Grand
BINGO
March 30, 2007 GRAND Conduct the
2:00 pm – 4:00 pm BINGO bingo game
and make it
successful.
65
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Communication
Sta. Mesa, Manila
Control no.____
Date:
Name/The Manager
Marketing Department
Name of Company
We are writing this letter in behalf of those the child laborers, who spent years living
years of hard work to help their family. Our groups is seeking for your donations so
as to conduct an awareness campaign for the children as well as their parents and
employers regarding the laws and children’s rights.
Thank you very much and we hope to work with you helping the Filipino children.
Respectfully yours,
Noted by:
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Control no.
Received the ff. donations from ________ on __ Day of __, 2007
Signed:___________ selection of choices: Tarpauline_____
Streamer______
Stickers_______
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