TRADE UNION A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English) is an organization of workers that have banded

together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labour contracts (collective bargaining) with employers. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. The agreements negotiated by the union leaders are binding on the rank and file members and the employer and in some cases on other non-member workers. this definition, primarily, talks about three relationships. They are the relationships between the: 2.

Unions of intellectual labor (eg, All

India Teachers Association) It is formed on a continuous basis. It is a permanent body and not a casual or temporary one. They persist throughout the

3.

year. It is formed to protect and promote all kinds of interests economic, political and social-of its members. The dominant interest with which a union is concerned is, however, economic.

4.

It achieves its objectives through collective action and group effort. Negotiations and collective bargaining are the tools for accomplishing objectives.

5.

Trade unions have shown remarkable progress since their inception; moreover, the character of trade unions has also been changing. In spite of only focusing on the economic benefits of workers, the trade unions are also working towards raising the status of labors as a part of industry.

workmen and workmen, workmen and employers, and employers and employers.

Thus, a trade union can be seen as a group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employers over pay, job security, working hours, etc, using the collective power of its members. In general, a union is there to represent the interests of its members, and may even engage in political activity where legislation affects their members. Trade unions are voluntary associations formed for the pursuit of protecting the common interests of its members and also promote welfare. They protect the economic, political and social interests of their members.

PURPOSE OF TRADE UNION The principal purposes of a labor union are to (1) negotiate.wages and working condition terms, (2) regulate relations between workers (its members) and the employer, (3) takecollective action to enforce the terms of collective bargaining, (4) raise new demands on behalf of its members, (5) help settle their grievances.

Features of trade unions: 1. It is an association either of employers or employees or of independent workers. They may consist of :-

. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat the people who are employed by it throughout the world is

Employers association (eg., Employers Federation of India, Indian paper mill association, etc.) General labor union Friendly societies

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known as the International Labour Office. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969

To improve their bargaining power and balance it

that of the management. To negotiate and monitor management decisions, regarding policy, promotions

FUNCTIONS OF TRADE UNIOINS

transfers, work assignment, grievance redressal and disciplinary issues.

To achieve higher wages and better working conditions To raise the status of workers as a part of industry To protect labors against victimization and injustice To take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workers To generate self confidence among workers To encourage sincerity and discipline among workers To provide opportunities for promotion and growth To protect women workers against discrimination Collective bargaining with the management to settle terms and conditions of employment. Advise the management on personnel policies and practices. Taking up the individual and collective grievances of the workers with the management. Work for achieving better say of workers in the management of affairs of the enterprise whichinfluence the lives of the workers directly. Organising demonstrations, strikes, etc, to press demands of workers. Education of workers and their children. Welfare and recreational activities for their members. Representing of workers in various national and international forums. Securing legislative protection for workers from the government.

To ventilate the workers grievances to the

management To inform workers views, aims, ideas and

dissatisfaction/frustrations to the management To secure protection from unexpected economic

needs like illness, accidents, injury etc. To satisfy their social needs To satisfy their psychological needs To satisfy their needs for belongingness. To provide a worker self confidence To acquire control of industry by workers To take up welfare measures for improving the

morale of the workers To raise the status of the workers

Protecting the workers against victimization. To provide housing facilities To provide for educational, cultural and

recreational facilities Role of trade union towards employers requirement of higher productivity: To place industry under national ownership and

control in a suitable form. To organize workers in such a manner as to

ensure full employment and the best utilization of its manpower, other resources and to achieve management objectives. To establish just industrial relationships

role of trade unions

To attain economic security. Ensuring permanent employment with higher salary and benefits to the workers.

To raise the workers standard of efficiency and discipline which in turn will help to achieve higher productivity.

To make the workers understand the objectives

Subjecting people to racial abuse Cursing/Swearing at the officials in sports Cutting school (Truancy)

of the management and accept the same for the betterment and interest of both.

Misconduct A misconduct is a legal term meaning a wrongful, improper, or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated or intentional purpose or by obstinate indifference to the consequences of one's acts. Two categories of misconduct are sexual misconduct and of course official misconduct. In connection with school discipline, "misconduct" is generally understood to be student behavior that is unacceptable to school officials but does not violate criminal statutes, including absenteeism, tardiness, bullying, and inappropriate language. (Special Education Dictionary, 2003, LRP Publications) Misconduct in the workplace generally falls under two categories. Minor misconduct is seen as unacceptable but is not a criminal offense (e.g. being late). Gross misconduct can lead to dismissal, (e.g. stealing or sexual harassment). "Misconduct" is where something is seen as unacceptable but is not a criminal offence e.g. deceptive manipulation. Misconduct refers to an action, rather than neglecting to take action, or inaction which could be [ referred to as poor performance. Examples of gross misconduct To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of conduct or order. In the field of child development, discipline refers to methods of modeling character and of teaching self-control and [1] acceptable behavior, for example, teaching a child to wash her/his hands before meals. Here, washing hands before meals is a particular pattern of behavior, and the child is being disciplined to adopt that pattern. To discipline also gives rise to the word disciplinarian, which denotes a person who enforces order. Discipline Discipline is referred to systematic instruction given to a disciples to train them as students in a craft or trade, or to follow a particular code of conduct or "order". Often, the phrase "to discipline" carries a negative connotation. This is because enforcement of order that is, ensuring instructions are carried out is often regulated through punishment.

Being drunk on duty Illegal drug use at work Fighting Harassing people Stealing