Electricity and Light

Pre Lab Questions

The pre lab questions can be answered by reading the theory and procedure for the related lab. You are strongly encouraged to answers these questions on your own. Each question is worth 1 point towards the lab grade for the unit. The questions are designed to give you some insight into the lab and to address known areas of difficulty. The questions will be turned in prior to the start of the lab. Some of the subject matter address in these questions can be on the lab final.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 15 Introduction to laboratory test equipment 1) What measurements is the Digital multimeter capable of measuring?

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2) Voltages are measured ____________ with an element and currents are measured in __________ with the element.

3) When measuring a voltage or current and the voltmeter reading indicates a 1 followed by blank spaces what must be done to obtain a measurement? See Appendix II

4) What kind of measurements is primarily made with an oscilloscope?

5) When making a time base measurement, which scale (horizontal or vertical) is used for time and which for voltage. Also indicate which knob on the oscilloscope controls these measurement settings? See appendix.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 16 Electric Fields: 1) What is an electric field?

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2) What are the units for an electric field. List both of them.

3) What is an equipotential line?

4) Lines of force originate on _______ charges and terminate on ________ charges.

5) Electric field lines are (parallel, perpendicular) to equipotential lines.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 17 Capacitance

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1) As a capacitor is discharged through a resistor the area under the curve of current (I) vs. time (t) will yield what?

2) The unit for capacitance is called a ___________ and it is designated by what letter ____ .

3) What would the slope of a line for charge(q) vs. volts (v) yield?

4) Identify and write the equation for the two circuits shown below to determine the total equivalent capacitance. CA CB CC CA CB CC

Type of circuit

______________

____________

5) Determine an equation to find the equivalent capacitance for the circuit on the right by combining the equations above.

CA

CB CC

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 18 DC Circuits

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Using figure 18-5 1) The three resistor that make up R3 as shown in figure 18-5 is an example of resistors connected in __________ and their equivalent resistance is _________ ohms

2) In figure 18-5 the resistor R1 and R3 connected between points B to C is an example of resistor connected in __________ and the equivalent resistance between points B and C is _____________

3) A shorted resistor would have a value of ___________ ohms and an open resistor a value of _______________ ohms

4) What are the current node and voltage loop equations for the circuit in Figure 18-3?

5) Solve for I1, I2 and I3 using Kirchoffs rules for figure 18-5 with the given resistor values. (You will be using simultaneous equations and substitution). V1 =V2 = 3 volts. Note: These values would correspond to a circuit without any faults such as the one used for data sheet 1.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 19 Potentiometer 1) A potentiometer measures the _______________ of a cell.

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2) From equation [1] if the internal resistance, r, and emf, E, is constant, as more current, I, is drawn from the cell what will happen to the terminal voltage, VT.

3) From procedure Part B when an external resistance RL, loads an EMF source and when RL is equal to the internal resistance of the cell, r, (i.e. RL = r). What is the terminal voltage, VT, in terms of the emf source, E?

4) Write an equation to determine the terminal voltage of a cell, VT using the terms Lstd, LT and Estd.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 20 Responses of Passive Network Elements

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1) AC current through a perfect inductor or capacitor is________ out of phase with the AC voltage across the inductor or capacitor.

2) What is reactance? What is impedance? What are their units?

3) What is the name of the units for an inductor and capacitor and the symbols which represent them?

4) For an inductor the current and voltage is out of phase by an angle . How can this angle be determined theoretically?

5) What are the equations for the time constants, , for an RL and RC circuit?

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 21 AC Circuits

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1) When a circuit containing an inductor, resistor and capacitor is at resonance the phase angle between current and voltage is ________ degrees?

2) At resonance what is the relationship between inductive and capacitive reactance?

3) What formula would you use to determine the impedance of a circuit at any given frequency?

4) When an ideal capacitor, inductor and resistor are connected in series what equation is used to determine the phase angle between the AC voltage and current?

5) From the procedure for this experiment, what should be done to the input voltage each time the frequency is changed?

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 22 Reflection and Refraction 1) What does each term represent in equation [1].

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2) What does the term Normal mean in the context of dealing with an optical surface?

3) Describe how light behaves in relation to the Normal when traveling between two interfaces in the following cases: from a lesser medium to a denser medium

from a denser medium to a lesser medium

4) A convex lens is also known as a (converging, diverging) lens and a concave lens is known as a (converging, diverging) lens.

5) Describe where the focal points are for a convex and concave lens are located.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ UNIT 23 Diffraction and Interference

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1) What happens when light encounters an opaque barrier with a narrow slit opening?

2) What is diffraction?

3) Light is ____________ in nature.

4) Circle the appropriate answers. For a single slit, measurements are made from a diffraction pattern between the slit and the pattern and between the central peak and each subsequent (bright, dark) band. These measurements along with the order and wavelength can be used to determine the (width, spacing) of the slit.

5) Circle the appropriate answers. For a double slit, distance measurements are made from an interference pattern between the slit and the pattern and between the central peak and each subsequent (bright, dark) band. These measurements along with the order and wavelength can be used to determine the (width, spacing) of the slit.

Name___________________________ ID#__________________ Unit 24 Lenses

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1) Write the equation to determine the focal length of a lens that uses the relationship of object distance and image distance.

2) When is an object considered real and virtual?

3) When is an image considered real and virtual?

4) When more than one lens is used in an optical setup the image of a lens on the upstream side forms the __________ for the next lens

5) If the image of a lens forms after the next lens, the image is (real, virtual) and the object for the next lens will be (real, virtual).