CH B

Section 9 3 12 13 4 2 3 1 3 (a) (b) 3 -

Subject Fatigue Effective HSS design wall thickness t = Net Area (Ref D3.3) Limiting b-t ratio (Table B4.1) 2nd Order Analysis Requirement Tension Effective Net Area (Ref B3.13) Compression W, S, HSS (w/o SLENDER ELEMENT)

Note Design per App. 3 0.93 tw (ERW); tw (SAW) An Slenderness of element under consideration of local buckling.

C D E

Ae = An*U (U - Shear Lag, see Table D3.1)

Flexural Buckling is the prevalent failure mode All others & Build-up members Torsional buckling, and flexural buckling limit state must be checked. Flexural Buckling of members w/o SLENDER Limit applicable to all members w/o ELEMENT (b/t ratio exceeds noncompact SLENDER ELEMENT, otherwise E7 applies limit) Torsional & Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Applicable to singly symm, unsymmetric, members w/o SLENDER ELEMENT, non-rolled double symm, and built-up otherwise E7 applies. columns except SINGLE ANGLE [see E5] Single Angle Connecting thru L or S legs to web of For angle connecting thru S-Leg, kl/r is to be planner elements (web, gusset) increased by a factor. Connecting thru L or S legs to web of Box or See above note. Space Trusses For conditions other than (a) & (b) Built-up Members Members w/SLENDER ELEMENTS

(a) (b) (c) -

6 7

Ag = Ix = rx = Iy = ry = J= Cw = Xo = Yo =

AISC 13th E.3 - Compression (Flexural Buckling) Strength of Column w/o Slender Elements * Verify the column doesn't have slender sections before proceed. Otherwise, select a column with stronger sections, or use provisions on E.7 to compute Pn. Col ID : Frame Beam Shape: W18x119 Pr = 450 kips Kx = 1 Ky = Lx = Ly = Properties: A= rx = ry = 1 31 31 35.1 7.9 2.69 ft ft in2 in in

Fy = KLx/rx = Kly/ry = KL/r = Fe = Fcr = Pn = Pa = Pa =

50 47.1 138.3 138.3 14.96 13.12 460.5 275.8 414.5

ksi

KLy/ry Governs

ksi ksi kips kips Kips

Fe < 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-3

ASD LRFD

AISC 13th E.5 - Single Angle Compression Members E.5(a) - Conneted through long leg to individual members or gusset/chord of a planner truss. (Note, in a truss, the adjacent web member shall be connected to the same side of gusset/chord.) Shape: L4x4x3/8 L= Fy = 12 ft in2 in 36 ksi

Case 1: Case 2:

Ag = 2.86 rx = 1.23 L/rx = 117.1 Per EQ E5-1 & E5-2

Note: rx = radius of gyration about geometric axis parallel to connected leg (either rx or ry on table)

KL/r = 236.9 Same as condition set above, but connected through the shorter leg: bl = 4 bs = 4 rz = 0.779 bl/bs = 1.00 For bl/b/s < 1.7: KL/r = 236.9 KL/r = Fe = Fcr = Pn = Pa = Pa = 200 7.16 6.28 18 10.8 16.2 Input value obtained above, but need not to exceed 200. ksi ksi kips kips Kips Fe >= 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-2

Case 1 or 2:

ASD LRFD

AISC 13th E.4 (a) - Torsional & Flexural-Torsional Buckling - Structural Tees Col ID : Shape: WT 10.5x100.5 Fy = 50 ksi Slenderness of Stem (Table B4.1): d= 11.5 in tw = 0.91 in d/tw = 12.6 Stem is non-slender, proceed. Pr = Kx = Ky = Lx = Ly = Properties: A= rx = ry = Ix = Iy = J= xo = yo = Kly/ry = Fe = Fcry = r'o2 = H= Fcrz = 1 1 16 16 29.6 3.1 3.02 285 271 20.4 0 1.755 63.6 70.76 37.2 21.864 0.859 353.04 kips

ft ft Taken from Table 1-8 (WT), or 1-9 (MT), or 1-10 (ST) in in in in4 in
4 2

in4 in in

Distance from shear ctr to centroid Distance from shear ctr to centroid = y' - tf/2

ksi ksi in2 ksi

Fe >= 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-2

EQ E4-7 EQ E4-8 EQ E4-3

Calculate Fcr: Let m = (Fcry + Fcrz)/2H = n = 4FcryFcrzH/(Fcry + Fcrz)2 = Then, Fcr = m*[1 - (1 - n) ] = Pn = Pa = Pa =
1/2

227.15 0.296 36.56 1082.2 648 974

ksi ksi kips kips Kips EQ E4-2 ASD (Pn/1.67) LRFD (0.9*Pn)

AISC 13th E.3 - Flexural Buckling Col ID : 0 Shape: WT 10.5x100.5 Fy = 50 ksi Pr = 0 kips Kx = 1 Ky = 1 Lx = 16 ft Ly = 16 ft Properties: A= rx = ry = KLx/rx = Kly/ry = KL/r = Fe = Fcr = Pn = Pa = Pa = 29.6 3.1 3.02 61.9 63.6 63.6 70.76 37.2 1101.1 659.4 991 ksi ksi kips kips Kips ASD (Pn/1.67) LRFD (0.9*Pn) KLy/ry Governs in2 in in

Fe >= 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-2

AISC 13th E.4 (a) - Torsional & Flexural-Torsional Buckling - Double Angles Col ID : Shape: 2L6x4x7/8 - 3/8" Seperator, SLBB Fy = 36 ksi Slenderness of Compression Flange Leg (Table B4.1): b= 6 in t = 0.875 in d/tw = 6.9 Flange leg is non-slender, proceed. Pr = Kx = Ky = Lx = Ly = Properties: A= rx = ry = Ix = Iy = J= xo = yo = r'o = r'o2 = H= Kly/ry = Fe = Fcry = Fcrz = 1 1 16 16 16 1.1 2.96 19.4 140.2 4.06 0 0.683 3.23 10.433 0.956 64.9 67.95 28.84 272.4 kips

ft ft in in in in4 in
4 2

Taken from Table 4-10 (p. 4-118 thru 156) See above See above Ix = Arx2 Iy = Ary
2

in4 in in in in2

2 x Value given on Table 1-7 (p. 1-40 thru 47) Distance from shear ctr to centroid Distance from shear ctr to centroid = y^ - tf/2 y^ = y' (LLBB) = x' (SLBB). See Table 1-7 for y', x' Taken from Table 1-15 (p. 1-10 thru 107) Taken from Table 1-15 (p. 1-10 thru 107)

ksi ksi ksi

Fe >= 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-2 EQ E4-3

Calculate Fcr: Let m =

(Fcry + Fcrz)/2H =
2 1/2

157.55 0.331

ksi

n = 4FcryFcrzH/(Fcry + Fcrz) =

Then, Fcr = m*[1 - (1 - n) ] = 28.69 ksi EQ E4-2 Pn = 459 kips ASD (Pn/1.67) Pa = 274.9 kips Govn'd by Flexural (E.3) LRFD (0.9*Pn) Pa = 413.1 Kips Govn'd by Flexural (E.3) Note: The calculated Pa has a 1.5% margin of error compared to

AISC 13th E.3 - Flexural Buckling Col ID : 0 Shape: 2L6x4x7/8 - 3/8" Seperator, SLBB Fy = 36 ksi Pr = 0 kips Kx = 1 Ky = 1 Lx = 16 ft Ly = 16 ft Properties: A= rx = ry = KLx/rx = Kly/ry = KL/r = Fe = Fcr = Pn = Pa = Pa = 16 1.1 2.96 174.5 64.9 174.5 9.4 8.24 131.8 78.9 118.7 ksi ksi kips kips Kips Governs Governs ASD (Pn/1.67) LRFD (0.9*Pn) Fe < 0.44 Fy, cal Fcr per EQ E3-3 in2 in in KLx/rx Governs

F.10 - Flexural Strength of (Equal Leg) Single Angle without Continuous Restraint F.10.1 - Yielding Fy = Sy = My = Mn = Ma (ASD) = 36 1.5 54 81 48.5 ksi in3 in-kips in-kips in-kips

Does Not Govern

F.10.2 - Lateral Torsional Buckling b= t= L= Cb = Me (a) = Me (b) = Governing Me = Mn = Ma (ASD) = 4 0.375 56 1 311.1 1482.9 311.1 77.4 46.3 in in in

Length between Brace Points

in-kips in-kips in-kips in-kips in-kips

Toe in Compression F10-4a Toe in Tension F10-4b Min of Me(a) & Me(b) <--- Usually Governs Governs

G.4 - Shear Capacity of Single Angle b= t= Cv = Vn = Va (ASD) = 4 0.375 1 32.4 19.4 in in Per Provision of G.4 kips kips

A .66Eb tCb/L Me(a) = A*(B-1) = Me(b) = A*(B+1) = Toe in C Mn (F10-2) = -18.4 Mn (F10-3) = 77.4 311.1 1482.9 Toe in T -5558.5 91.6 in-kips in-kips in-kips in-kips Toe in C Toe in T
4 2

B [1+0.78(Lt/b2)2]1/2 1.5309

585.92

AISC 13th F - Flexural Beam ID : Frame Beam Fy = 36 ksi Shape: C12x20.7 d= tw = bf = tf = rts = ho = 12 0.282 2.94 0.5 0.983 11.5 in in in in in in

Lb = Ix = Sx = rx = Zx = J= Cw =

4.167 C 129 21.5 4.61 25.6 0.369 112

ft = 50.004 in <---Inter "C" for Channel in4 in in in in in

3

Iy = sy = ry = Zy = c=

3.86 1.72 0.797 3.47 1.067

in4 in in in
3

4 6

Flange Slenderness Parameters: b= 1.47 in t= Lenda = 0.5 2.94 in (b/t)

Lenda pf = Lenda rf =

10.79

28.38 Flange is compact

F2 - Compact W & C Bent About Their Major Axis F2.1 - Yielding Mn = 76.8 ft-kips F2-1 The available Mn is the least calculated F2.2 - Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB) strength among Eqs F2-1, F2-2 & F2-3 Lb = 4.167 ft Lp = 3.32 ft Lr = 12.13 ft F2-6 Lb >=Lp Govn Case Lb<Lp Lb>Lr Lb<=Lr Mn (k-ft)= 73.8 F2-2 & F2-3

F6 - W & C Bent About Their Minor Axis F6.1 - Yielding Mn = 8.3 ft-kips F6.2 - Flange Local Buckling (FLB)
With Compact Flanges With nonCompact Flanges With Slender Flanges

F6-1

The available Mn is the least calculated strength among Eqs F6-1, F6-2 & F6-3

Mn (k-ft)=

8.3

F6-2 & F6-3

Lr Inner most root nd root 2

2nd*1st root 145.616 12.13467

1.735296193 1.653873 0.066012

F2-1 Mn = Mp = (E/Fy)^0.5 = Lp = Lr =

921.6 in-kips 28.38231 39.81243 in 145.616 in Lb<Lp 921.6 in betweenLb>Lr 885.0156 921.6 F2-3 A B (Lb/rts)^2 0.078*{..} (1+A)^0.5 Fcr 2587.632 0.321543 1.149584 127.1563

Mn (in-k) = F2-2 (1) (2) (1)/(2) Lb-Lp Lr-Lp 10.19 105.80 0.096325 F6-1 FyZy 1.6Fysy Mn = 124.92 99.072 in-kips

F6-2(b) F6-2(c)

A B Lenda Terms Mp-0.7FySyMn -0.44583 81.576 161.289 Fcr Mn 2315.008 3981.813

AISC 13th F - Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements Case Elements subjected to Flexural 1 Flange of Rolled W & C Shapes Compact Fy 36 50 6
.38(E/Fy)1/2 Noncomp 1.0(E/Fy)1/2

10.79 9.15

28.38 24.08

Case Elements under Axial Compression 3 Flange of Rolled W & C and Out-Standing Leg of 2L in Continuous Contact Compact Noncomp .56(E/Fy)1/2 Fy 36 NA 15.89 50 NA 13.49 5 Leg of Single Angle and Out-Standing Leg of 2L with Seperators (see case 3 for outstanding legs in continuous contact) Compact Noncomp .38(E/Fy)1/2 1.0(E/Fy)1/2 Fy 36 NA 12.77 50 NA 10.84 Stem of Tees (d/t) Compact Fy 36 50
.38(E/Fy)
1/2

Leg of Single Angle & All Other Unstiffened Elements (except elements of built-up shapes) Compact Noncomp .54(E/Fy)1/2 .91(E/Fy)1/2 Fy 36 15.33 25.83 50 13.00 21.92 Flange of Tees Compact Fy 36 50
.38(E/Fy)
1/2

8
Noncomp 1.0(E/Fy)
1/2

Noncomp 1.0(E/Fy)1/2

10.79 9.15

28.38 24.08

NA NA

21.29 18.06

Web of W & C Shapes (h/tw) - h is the clear

distance between flanges, see B4.2(b) for built-up shapes.

10 Web of W (h/tw) - see 9 for "h".

Compact Fy 36 50 106.72 90.55

Noncomp

Compact Fy 36 50
.38(E/Fy)1/2

Noncomp 1.0(E/Fy)1/2

3.76(E/Fy)1/2 5.7(E/Fy)1/2

161.78 137.27

NA NA

21.29 18.06

5.860806

1. WELDING: Minimum Base Metal Thickness Required to Match Weld Strength (Manual p.9-5) Case I - Weld on both sides of the connecting element t(min) = [0.6*Exx*0.707*(D/16)*2]/(0.6*Fu) For Exx = 60 ksi t(min) = 5.30*(D/Fu) For Exx = 70 ksi t(min) = 6.19*(D/Fu) D - Number of weld size in 16th Fu - Specified min tensile strength of the connecting element (see Manual T3-2) Case II - Weld on one side of the connecting element For Exx = 60 ksi t(min) = 2.65*(D/Fu) For Exx = 70 ksi t(min) = 3.09*(D/Fu)

2. BOLTING: Strength Reduction for Flanges with Bolt Holes (Manual F13.1, p.16.1-61) Case I - for Fu*Afn >= Yt*Fy*Afg - The limit state of Tensile Rupture DOES NOT apply. Afg = Gross Tension Flange Area = bf*tf Afn = Net Tension Flange Area = tf*bf(net) Yt Fy/Fu <= 0.8 1.0 Fy/Fu > 0.8 1.1 For single row of holes across flange width: bf(net) = bf - n*dh dh = hole diameter For flange with chain of of holes in longitudinal direction: bf(net) = bf - n*dh - m*[s2/(4*g)] m = number of gage (across the width of flange) s = longitudinal ctr-ctr spacing of bolt holes (pitch) g = transverse ctr-ctr spacing of bolt holes (gage) Case II - for Fu*Afn < Yt*Fy*Afg - The nominal flexural strength: Mn = Fu*Sx*(Afn/Afg) Fr(LRFD) = 0.9 Fr(LRFD) = 0.9 D3.1 D3.2

F13-1

Ch. D

Effective Net Area (does not apply here but listed for information use) For Tension Member: Ae = An*U D3-1 Pn = Fu*Ae - U (Shear Lag Factor): T-D3.1 (see table for cases not shown) For W, Tees Flange connected with 3 or more bolts in direction of loading & bf U = 0.9 >= 2/(3*d) Flange connected with 3 or more bolts in direction of loading & bf < U = 0.85 2/(3*d) Web connected with 4 or more bolts in direction of loading & bf < U = 0.70 2/(3*d) For Single Angles U = 0.70 With 4 or more bolts in direction of loading. U = 0.60 With 2 or 3 bolts in direction of loading.

Ch. J.4-J.8 Net Area Associated Topics 1. Strength of Connected Elements in Tension For Tensile Yielding: Rn = Fy*Ag J4-1 For Tensile Rupture: Rn = Fu*Ae J4-2 Note: For bolted splice plate, Ae = An <= Ag

Fr(LRFD) 0.90 0.75

Fr(ASD) 1.67 2.00

2. Strength of Connected Elements in Shear Fr(LRFD) For Shear Yielding: Rn = 0.6*Fy*Ag J4-3 1.00 For Shear Rupture: Rn = 0.6*Fu*Anv J4-4 0.75 Anv = Net Area subject to shear [= b(net)*t]. See D3.2 for Net Area

Fr(ASD) 1.50 2.00

3. Block Shear Rn = 0.6*Anv+Ubs*Fu*Ant <= 0.6*FyAgv+Ubs*Fu*Ant J4-5 Anv = Net Area subject to shear Ant = Net Area subject to tension Fr(LRFD) Fr(ASD) Agv = Gross Area subject to shear 0.75 2.00 Ubs = 1.0, when tensile stress is uniform Ubs = 0.5, when tensile stress is uniform (see C.J4.3, Manual p.16.1-352) 4. Strength of Connected Elements in Compression (such as Stiffeners, Gussets) For both of Yielding & Buckling & KL/r <= 25: Fr(LRFD) Pn = Fy*Ag J4-6 0.90 For both of Yielding & Buckling & KL/r > 25: Use provisions from CH. E 7. Bearing Strength (for milled surfaces & End of Bearing Stiffeners) Rn = 1.8*Fy*Apb J7-1

Fr(ASD) 1.67

Fr(LRFD) 0.75

Fr(ASD) 2.00

8. Concrete Bearing Strength: Pp =0.85*fc'*A1 Pp =0.85*fc'*A1*(A2/A1)

1/2

On full Area <= 1.7*fc'*A1

J8-1

Less than full area J8-2 Fr(LRFD) Fr(ASD) 0.60 2.50

Ch. J.10

1. Flange Local Bending due to Tensile Force Note: This check was originally developed out of concerns over weld rupture (seperation due to deformation) between the connected beam-column flanges, thus, it does not apply to bolted connection, nor flange in compression. Also, it does not apply to moment end-plate and tee-stub type of connections - see C.J10.1, p16.1-356 for references) a. The applied load is located at a distance > = 10*tf from member end: Rn = 6.25*tf *Fyf J10-1 b. The applied load is located at a distance < 10*tf from member end: member end. Fr(LRFD) Rn = 6.25*tf *Fyf/2
2 2

Fr(ASD) 1.67

see note on J.10.1

0.90

2. Web Local Yielding due to Concentrated (Compressive/Tensile) Force a. The applied load is located at a distance > d from member end: Rn = (5k +N)*Fyw*tw J10-2 b. The applied load is located at a distance <= d from member end: Rn = (2.5k +N)*Fyw*tw J10-3 Fr(LRFD) 1.00 k = bf/2-k1 N = Length of bearing (>= k for end beam reactions) Note: A pair of stiffeners, or a doubler plate, may be provided to satisfy the requirements. 3. Web Crippling due to Concentrated Compressive Force (see Work Sheet) 4. Web Side Sway Buckling due to lack of lateral restraint on both flanges at the point of application of the concentrated force 5. Web Compression Buckling due to a pair of Concentrated Compressive Force applied on both flanges b. The applied load is located at a distance >= d/2 from member end: Rn = 24*tw3*(E*Fy)1/2/h J10-8 b. The applied load is located at a distance < d/2 from member end:

Fr(ASD) 1.50

Fr(LRFD) Fr(ASD) 0.90 1.67 Note: A pair of stiffeners, or a doubler plate, extending the full depth of the web may be provided to satisfy the requirements. 6. Web Panel Zone Shear due to double concentrated forces applied to one or both flanges

Rn = 12*tw3*(E*Fy)1/2/h

see note on J.10.5

8. Additional Stiffener Requirement for Concentrated Forces 9. Additional Doubler Plate Requirement for Concentrated Forces

J10.3 Web Crippling due to Concentrated Compressive Force Work Sheet Shape: W8x24 Fy = 50 ksi d= 8 in tw = 0.245 in bf = 6.5 in tf = 0.4 in k1 = 0.5625 in k= 0.79 in k = bf/2-k1 N= 1 in Use N >= k - Loading case 1. The applied load is at a distance >= d/2 from member end. - Loading case 2 & 3. The applied load is at a distance < d/2 from member end, but - for N/d <= 0.2, input "2" in loading case input field below. N/d = Loading Case: Rn = Ra = Ra = - for N/d > 0.2, input "3" in loading case input field below. 0.13 (see loading cases 2 & 3 above for applications) (Input "1", "2" or "3" per conditions given above) 1 42.3 kips J10-4, J10-5a, J10-5b 31.7 kips LRFD (Fr = 0.75) 21.1 kips ASD (Fr = 2.00)

tw2 0.060025 LC Rn

(tw/tf)1.5 (Efytf/tw)1/2 N/d 0.125 0.479357 1538.619 1 2 3 87.2 43.6 42.3

Max/Min Stresses due to Pure Bending (Based on Generalized Theory of Pure Bending) Shape L6x4x1/2 Mx = 10 in-k My = 0 in-k A= Ix = Iy = Iz = Tana = Iw = a= Ixy = - Locate Nutral Axis: Tan = = Tan = 0.97 44.13 Rads degrees 4.75 17.4 6.27 3.6 0.44 20.07 23.75 6.07 in2 in
4

(+) rotated about +X axis (+) rotated about +y axis

in4 in4 (Leave Iz empty if X & Y are principal axes) rads in4 degrees in
4

Iw = Ix+Iy-Iz Ixy = 1/2(Iw-Iz)sin(2a)

(+) Counterclockwise from +X axis.

My*Ix + Mx*Iyz Mx*Iy + My*Iyz

- Calculate Stresses at Points of Interests: Points of Interests A B C x = x (in) -0.987 -0.987 4.01 y (in) -4.01 1.99 1.99 x (ksi) 2.65 -2.56 1.64 Dist. along X-axis (see sign convention) Dist. along Y-axis (see sign convention)

(My*Ix + Mx*Ixy)*x - (Mx*Iy + My*Ixy)*y Ix*Iy - I2xy

+ Tension

A B C

Mx 10

My 0

Ix 17.4

Iy 6.27

Ixy 6.07

x -0.987 -0.987 4.01

y -4.01 1.99 1.99

x 2.65 -2.56 1.64