List of organic reactions Number 1 2 Reaction Combustion Free Radical Substitution Reactant Alkane + O2 Alkane + Cl2 or Br2 Product

CO2 and H2O Alkyl Halides + HX Condition / Catalyst In the presence of sunlight or uv. Does not proceed in the dark at room temperature Zeolite, 450 degree C 450 to 700 degree C, 70 atm Ni, 150 degree C Markovnikoffs rule. H3PO4, 60 atm, 300 0C Gaseous X2 room temperature Aqueous X2 room temperature Room temperature, dark Room temperature, dark Room temperature, alkaline, cold Acidic hot concentrated KMnO4.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Catlytic Cracking Thermal Cracking Addition of hydrogen, hydrogenation Addition of steam, hydration Addition of hydrogen halides Addition of hydrogen halides Addition of halogen Addition of halogen Mild oxidation Vigorous oxidation

Alkane Alkane Alkene + H2(g) Alkene + H2O(g) Alkene + HX(g) Alkene + HX(aq) Alkene + X2 in CCl4 Alkene + X2(aq) Alkene + MnO4Alkene + MnO4-

Alkane + alkene + H2 Alkane + alkene, H2 Alkane Alcohol Alkyl halides Alkyl halides, alcohol halides. Alkyl halides + HX Alkyl halides + HX, Might contain OH Alkandiol CO2 + H2O, Or ketone, Or carboxylic acid Addition polymer Halogeno benzene + HX (steamy fumes) Nitrobenzene (yellow oil) 1,3,5, trinitrobenzene 2-nitro methyl benzine or 4-nitro methyl benzene Trinitro Toluene (pale yellow solid) Benzoic acid + carboxylic acids or ketone or CO2

13 14

Addition polymerisation Halogenation of benzene Electrophillic substitution Nitration of benzene Dinitration, trinitation of benzene Nitration of methyl benzene Trinitation of methyl benzene Oxidation of side chain

alkene Benzene ring + X2

FeCl3 or FeBr3 or AlCl3 or AlBr3 in the dark Conc H2SO4, Below 50 0C Conc H2SO4, above 60 0C Conc H2SO4, 30 0C

15 16 17

Benzene ring + HNO3 Benzene ring + HNO3 Methyl benzene + HNO3 Methyl benzene + HNO3 benzene ring + KMnO4

18 19

Conc H2SO4, 100 0C Hot acidified KMnO4

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Number 20 21

Reaction Hydrolysis Elimination

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Formation of nitrile Acidic Hydrolysis Alkaline Hydrolysis Reduction of nitrile Reduction of nitrobenzene Formation of 10 amines Formation of 20 amines Formation of 30 amines Formation of 40 amines Combustion Nucleophillic Substitution Nucleophillic Substitution Nucleophillic Substitution Nucleophillic Substitution Test for aliphatic alcohol Nucleophillic Substitution Test for aliphatic alcohol Test for phenol Test for phenol Test for phenol

Reactant Alkyl halides + KOH or NaOH (aq) Alkyl halides + Ethanolic KOH or NaOH Alkyl halides + KCN Nitrile + dilute HCl Nitrile + dilute NaOH Nitrile + LiAlH4 Sn + excess HCl + NaOH Alkyl halides + NH3 Alkyl halides + 10 amines Alkyl halides + 20 amines Alkyl halides + 30 amines Alcohol + O2 Alcohol + HX Alcohol + HX Alcohol + PI3 Alcohol + PCl5

Product Alcohol + HX Alkene + H2O + KX

Condition / Catalyst Heat or reflux Heat or reflux

Alkanitrile + HX Carboxylic acid + NH4Cl Sodium carboxylate + NH3 Amines Benzenamines HX + 10 amines HX + 20 amines HX + 30 amines HX + 40 amines

Ethanolic KCN, heat or reflux Boiling acid Boiling alkali LiAlH4 in ether

Heat in sealed tube, conc NH3 in ethanol. Heat in sealed tube, conc NH3 in ethanol. Heat in sealed tube, conc NH3 in ethanol. Heat in sealed tube, conc NH3 in ethanol.

36

Alcohol + SOCl2

37 38 39

Phenol + PCl5 Phenol + SOCl2 Phenol+ FeCl3

40 41

Test for enol Test for aliphatic alcohol

Phenol+ FeCl3 Aliphatic alcohol+ FeCl3

CO2 + H2O Alkyl halides + H2O Refluxed with NaX and conc H2SO4. X= Cl or Br Alkyl halides + H2O Refluxed with NaX and conc H3PO4. X= I Alkyl halides + Red phosporous and Iodine H3PO3 Alkyl halides + HCl (steamy fumes) + POCl3 Alkyl halides + SO2+ HCl(steamy fumes) NO REACTION NO REACTION C6H5O-FeCl2 = Neutral solution of FeCl3 purple solution + HCl RO-FeCl2 = purple Neutral solution of FeCl3 solution + HCl NO REACTION

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Number 42 43 44 45 46 50 51 52 53 54 55

Reaction Acid metal Oxidation of 10 alcohol Oxidation of 10 alcohol Oxidation of 20 alcohol Oxidation of 30 alcohol Dehydration Esterification Esterification Acylation Acylation Tri Iodo methane

Reactant Alcohol + Na(s) 10 Alcohol + KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 10 Alcohol + KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 20 Alcohol + KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 30 Alcohol + KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 Alcohol Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid Phenol + Carboxylic Acid Alcohol + Acyl chloride Phenol + Acyl chloride Methyl alcohol + NaOH(aq) + I2(aq) Aliphatic alcohol, NaOH Phenol + NaOH Aliphatic alcohol + Na Phenol + Na Aliphatic alcohol + Na2CO3 Phenol + Na2CO3 Phenol + HNO3 Phenol + HNO3

Product Sodium alkoxide + H2(g) Aldehyde+ H2O Carboxylic acid+ H2O Ketone + H2O NO REACTION Alkene + H2O Ester + H2O NO REACTION Ester + HCl Phenate Ester + HCl Sodium carboxylate + CHI3 (yellow crystal) NO REACTION Sodium phenoxide + H2O Sodium alkoxide + H2(g) Sodium phenoxide + H2(g) NO REACTION NO REACTION 2-nitro phenol Or 4-nitrophenol 2,4,6 trinitro phenol = picric acid 2,4,6 tribromo phenol = white ppt 2-bromo phenol or 4-bromo phenol + HBr (steamy fumes)

Condition / Catalyst

distill Reflux Distill or reflux

Saytzevs rule, 170 0C,conc H2SO4 Reflux ,conc H2SO4

Room temperature Room temperature warm

56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Acid base reaction Acid base reaction Acid metal reaction Acid metal reaction Acid carbonate reaction Acid carbonate reaction Mononitration of phenol Trinitration of phenol

Room temperature, dilute HNO3 Room temperature, conc HNO3

65

Tri-bromination of phenol

Phenol+ Br2(aq)

Room temperature

66

Mono-bromination of phenol

Phenol + Br2 in CCl4

Room temperature

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Number 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

Reaction Reduction of aldehyde Reduction of aldehyde Reduction of ketone Reduction of ketone Oxidation of aldehyde Oxidation of ketone Reaction with HCN Test of carbonyl

Reactant Aldehyde Aldehyde Ketone Ketone Aldehyde Ketone + K2Cr2O7 Carbonyl + HCN Carbonyl + 24DNPH

Product 10 Alcohol + H2O 10 Alcohol + H2O 20 Alcohol + H2O 20 Alcohol + H2O Carboxylic acid + H2O NO REACTION Cyanohydrine = hydroxinitrile 24 dinitrophenyl hydrazone = orange crystal Cu2O = red ppt + Carboxylic acid. NO REACTION

Condition / Catalyst LiAlH4 H2 and Ni catalyst LiAlH4 H2 and Ni catalyst KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7, Heat or reflux

In the cold, 10 to 20 0C, trace amount of NaOH or NaCN. Warm

75

Fehling test

76

Fehling test

77

Tollen test

Aliphatic aldehyde + Fehlings solution= Cu2+ Benzaldehyde + Fehlings solution= Cu2+ Aliphatic aldehyde, Tollens reagent = Ag(NH3)2 Benzaldehyde+ Tollens reagent Methyl ketone + NaOH+ I2 Carboxylic acid +NaOH or KOH(aq) Carboxylic acid +NH3 Carboxylic acid + amines Carboxylic acid +Na2CO3 or K2CO3(aq) Carboxylic acid + Na(s) Carboxylic acid + alcohol Carboxylic acid + PCl5

Ag = silver mirror + carboxylic acid

78 79

Tollen test Iodoform test

80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Neutralisation Neutralisation Neutralisation Acid carbonate Acid metal Esterification Formation of acyl chloride

Ag = silver mirror + benzoic acid CHI3 = yellow crystal + carboxylic acid Carboxylate + H2O 10 amide + H2O 20 amide + H2O Carboxylate + CO2 + H2O Carboxylate + H2 Ester + H2O Acyl chloride + POCl3 + HCl = steamy fumes

Warm

Reflux in conc H2SO4 Room temperature

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Number 87

Reaction Formation of acyl chloride

Reactant Carboxylic acid + SOCl2 Acyl cholride + H2O(l) Acyl cholride + aliphatic alcohol Acyl cholride + phenol Acyl cholride + NaOH or KOH Acyl cholride + NH3 Acyl cholride + amines Ester + dilute HCl Ester + dilute NaOH Aliphatic amines + Br2(aq) Benzenamines + Br2(aq) Amides + dilute HCl Amide + dilute NaOH Amino acid Proteins Proteins

88 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Hydrolysis Esterification Esterification Neutralisation Neutralisation Neutralisation Acidic Hydrolyisis Alkaline Hydrolyisis Bromination of amines Bromination of benzenamines Acidic Hydrolyisis Alkaline Hydrolyisis Condensation polymerisation Acidic Hydrolyisis Alkaline Hydrolyisis

Product Acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl = steamy fumes Carboxylic acid + H2O Ester + HCl Ester + HCl Carboxylate + H2O 10 amide + H2O 20 amide + H2O Carboxylic acid + alcohol Carboxylate + alcohol NO REACTION 2,4,6, tribromo benzenamine Carboxylic acid + amines Carboxylate + amines Protein Amino acids Amino acids

Condition / Catalyst Room temperature

Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Room temperature Reflux with dilute HCl Reflux with dilute NaOH

Room temperature Reflux with dilute HCl Reflux with dilute NaOH

Reflux with dilute HCl Reflux with dilute NaOH

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