Power Transmission Systems

Emir Arslan KARAPAA (040060070)

Electrical Engineering Istanbul Technical University

eakarapaca@hotmail.com

Abstract This document gives information about load flow analysis by using simulation software which name is Power World Simulator 15
I. INTRODUCTION

Power World Simulator is an interactive power systems simulation package designed to simulate high voltage power systems operation on a time frame ranging from several minutes to several days. By using Power World Simulator, calculations of a power system including 7 buses, 3 generators, 3 loads and 8 lines and transforms will be done in this project
II. GIVEN DATA FOR THE SYSTEM

Fig. 1. Simulation diagram for the system

When this simulation system is running intended data can be calculated Running simulation diagram is shown to bellow

Last 3 digits of my school number is 074 so the unknown data are z=0.074, x=37, y=18.5. Simulation data are determined by x, y and z.
TABLE I
DATA FOR GENERATIONS, LOADS, TRANSMISSION LINES AND TRANSFORMERS

Fig. 2. Running simulation diagram for the system

Bus records are calculated like this;

TABLE II
BUS RECORDS

III. SIMULATION PROCESS

Simulation process is done by data which given above. Power World v15.0 is used for the simulation. Using that software all the bus voltages (magnitudes and angles), power flow directions, amount of power flow and total power lost can be determined. The simulation diagram is shown at the bellow.

The power flow graph gives us the power flow directions of each transmission lines and amount.

TABLE III
LINE RECORDS

TABLE V
POWER LOSSES WHEN THE CAPACITIVE LOAD IS CONNECTED

A power system has always power loss. The simulating system has 14,36 MW active power losses and 18,29 Mvar reactive power losses.
TABLE IV
POWER LOSSES

Total active power loss is 13,27MW and total reactive power loss is 17,39MVAR. When the capacitive load is connecting the system 7,6% reduction is archived. Bus Records for when the capacitive load is connected;
TABLE VI
BUS RECORDS WHEN THE CAPACITIVE LOAD IS CONNECTED

To reducing total power loss; capacitive loads can be using which are connecting to a bus; If we connect the capacitive load to bus 3,

The transmission lines can carry maximum of 400MVA of power and the load in the bus 5 will be increased until the maximum limit of a transmission line reaches, the graph below can be seen.

Fig. 3. Simulation diagram which connecting a capacitive load at bus 3

Fig. 4. Simulation diagram which load at bus 5 is maximum when the lines carry 400MVA power

When the capacitive loads are connected (60Mvar) to bus 3 losses are;

As can be seen the line between bus 1 and bus 2 reaches the limit value. In this case, the voltages of the busses are in the table.When load in the bus 5 is 453MW and MVAr the transmission line is reached of its limit.

TABLE VII
LINE RECORDS WHEN LOAD IS MAXIMUM AND TRANSMISSION LINE HAS LIMIT

TABLE X
FAULT CURRENTS

TABLE VIII
LOSS RECORDS WHEN LOAD IS MAXIMUM AND TRANSMISSION LINE HAS LIMIT

Generator 3 is connected to the system by closing Circuit Breaker on line 6 7. New values are shown at bellow.

The simulating system has 102,51MW active power losses and 83,98 reactive power losses.
Fig. 5. Simulation diagram when CB is closed TABLE IX
BUS RECORDS WHEN LOAD IS MAXIMUM AND TRANSMISSION LINE HAS LIMIT

TABLE XI
BUS RECORDS WHEN CB IS CLOSED

***These calculations are done when the capacitive load is connecting the system.

TABLE XII
LOSS RECORDS WHEN CB IS CLOSED

Calculation of fault currents in amps for 3 phase balanced faults at each of bus when XG1=XG2=0.20 pu.

. TABLE XIII
LINE RECORDS WHEN CB IS CLOSED

I think this project is about to learn usage of Power World Simulator. In addition, it aims to check a power system with different parameters. It is an entertaining also instructive way of using Power World and understanding reflect of the power system.

REFERENCES

IV. EXPERIMENT OF THIS PROJECT

At first, I dont understand the holes at the project paper and effort to calculate these data manually. Then I do research and I discern these values automatically calculated by the software. Questions are easily answered after the simulation diagram is drawn. This software provides a lot of experiment about power flow calculations with its visual interface. Calculations and making changes very easy and getting instant results. I also learnt how much transmission lines and transformers are forced in a power transmission system. Using this software, I experienced that power flow directions and amount, all the information about busses, generators, lines and transformers, loads can be seen on the simulator screen. I also saw that generators produce more power if we increase the load. Furthermore, it is really easy to make a simulation and get the calculation results from that software.

H. Saadet, Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1999 T.Gnen, Modern Power System Analysis,1998 William D. Stevenson, Elements of Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1986 http://www.powerworld.com http://www.elektrotekno.com

V. CONCLUSION

Working on power systems is not an easy work. Power systems are high voltage systems so they have great risks. There is not an excuse for an error in the system. Therefore, calculations and design of a power system is very exacting. In addition, people can make mistakes while they are making calculations. So, Power World Simulator is very useful software, because it lets engineers chance to make mistakes and see the errors. In our system we observe that our transmission lines and transformers carry the power with none of one are forced and the generators supply all the loads. System works totally great. We may say that if we connect capacitive load to system, it reduce power losses especially reactive power loss. This operation basics and results are same as the partial compensation.