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Simultaneous transmission of the same electromagnetic frequency in the same area will cause interruption or disruption of the signals. A Regulatory body is required to deal with scarcity and must prevent interference by giving users the rights to transmit on particular frequencies to the exclusion of the others. When radio transmission is not confined to a single country then international regulations are needed for this type of transmission.
Simultaneous transmission of the same electromagnetic frequency in the same area will cause interruption or disruption of the signals. A Regulatory body is required to deal with scarcity and must prevent interference by giving users the rights to transmit on particular frequencies to the exclusion of the others. When radio transmission is not confined to a single country then international regulations are needed for this type of transmission.
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Simultaneous transmission of the same electromagnetic frequency in the same area will cause interruption or disruption of the signals. A Regulatory body is required to deal with scarcity and must prevent interference by giving users the rights to transmit on particular frequencies to the exclusion of the others. When radio transmission is not confined to a single country then international regulations are needed for this type of transmission.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
• The simultaneous transmission of the same electromagnetic frequency in the same
area will cause interruption or disruption of the signals, phenomenon called as
Interference.
• Why the threat of Interference: The orbits of geostationary communication
satellites are concentrated in a narrow band 22,300 miles above the equator. Spacing between the satellites is critical – not because of the chance of physical interference rather when the radio communication in made on the same electromagnetic frequencies will cause interference if they face each other.
• A Regulatory body is required to deal with scarcity & must prevent interference by giving users the rights to transmit on particular frequencies to the exclusion of the others.
• Basically a regulatory body performs two major functions:
o Allocation of frequencies o Allotment of frequencies
• These functions are performed by national & international regulators:
o When radio transmission will begin and ends within the borders of a single country, allocation & allotment is done under domestic/national regulations. o When radio transmission is not confined to a single country then international regulations are needed for this type of transmission.
• So, a combination of national & international regulation is needed to allocate the
resource among services & allot transmission rights to individual users.
• International Radio Frequency Management:
ITU(International Telecommunication Union) establishes technical standards to govern the power, modulation, and other properties of the radio transmission, it also allocates frequencies to particular services, it makes allotments of frequencies among nations and defines conditions under which users of spectrum have the right to operate free of interference.
• Allocation of frequency in detail: Its actually the allocation of frequency among
the services. ITU specifies the particular ranges of radio frequencies as appropriate for particular services. e.g. ITU has set certain frequencies ranges for broadcasting, another for radar, another for satellite communication, another for radio astronomy and so forth. Where these allocation are decided: Allocations of frequencies are decided on at the World Radiocommunication Conferences(WRC’s). Then they are recorded in the Table of Frequency Allocations set out in the RADIO REGULATIONS. How these allocations are handled at national level: within nations licensing of frequencies to particular users is done by the National Regulatory Authorities. And this process is known as “Assignment”. Is it mandatory for every country to obey these frequency ranges for the specified purposes ??? It is not mandatory for the member country of ITU to use the frequency band in precisely the same way. They can offer a single service to a group of frequencies or they can allocate the same frequencies to different services in different regions of the world. In addition to these variations, ITU members may record their intention to deviate from the particular allocations by making reservations to the Regulations and placing footnotes in the Table of Frequency Allocations provided it does not cause any interference.
• Allotment of frequencies in detail: Before assignments may be made within
nations, it is sometimes necessary to allot frequency bands within allocations to particular nations or regions.
When the International Allotments are necessary: International
allotments are made only when there is a possibility of international interference. e.g. the signals of a local broadcast station are normally confined within the country. So, national regulatory authority can use the entire frequency band allocated such a service to their domestic licensees without the consultation of the ITU. But if the transmission of a nation is not confined within its borders and the licensees of a service have the potential to interfere with the signals of the other nations’s licensees, then those nations cannot separately assign the entire frequency spectrum allocated to that service among the domestic licensees, instead those countries must find a way to share those frequencies. How these allotments are done: These allotments are the work of several organizations like ITU CEPT (Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology) ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) International Special Committee on Radio Interference