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An I Englez
Curs 1
Materials Science : Branch of Technical Sciences that studies the chemical composition structure properties use relation for engineering materials. Age : as a science, after 1840 (optical microscope)
Practical use: behaviour due to design and properties of materials Functional characteristics Example: Car body strength / stiffness determined by material and design mechanical stability (of shape in time) same corrosion resistance determined by material and joining technology (aluminium / steel, brass,...) weight determines the fuel consumption 1
An I Englez determine the utilization properties of products Mechanical Physical Chemical (Technological)
Curs 1
Evolution of materials for optimising the utilization properties: classical advanced properties superior to classical ones smart appropriate response to external stimuli A. According to the obtaining mode natural (bone, rock, wood, proteins, ...) synthesis B. According to the nature metals ceramics polymers
I. METALS 82 in the periodic table electro-positive character, overlapped conduction valence energy levels NO pure metals (practical) - alloys (contain other elements, are metal - based) Most used Fe, Al, Cu, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ni, ... Metallic character : electrical / thermal conductors, resistivity increases with temperature, metallic glitter; thermo-electronic effect
II. CERAMICS Definition: Materials constituted of inorganic compounds, without metallic character Generally: contain metallic elements bonded to strongly non-metallic elements (O, Cl, F, ....) Exceptions: C, B Classes: A. Classical - porcelain, glass, clay, ....) Technical (Engineering / fine) (alumina, zirconia, TiN,...) B. Amorphous = glasses Crystalline
III. POLYMERS Definition: Macro-molecular organic materials constituted of long atoms chains C + H, [O, N, ] 4 6 (M = 10 10 ) 2
MATERIALE I Classes:
Curs 1
COMPOUND MATERIALS of main classes COMPOSITES constituted of matrix (majority of the volume, maintains the shape of the part) + reinforcing constituent
MULTILAYERED MATERIALS
Made of several layers of different materials that are solidly joint together (soldered) and behave like a unitary material