The Jayme-Wise and diglyme-HCl methods for extracting cellulose from plant material for stable-isotope analysis differ

considerably in ease of use, with the latter requiring significantly less time and specialized equipment. However, the diglyme-HCl method leaves a small lignin residue in the crude cellulose that may affect stable-isotope values, whereas -cellulose produced by the Jayme-Wise method is relatively pure. We examined whether adding a bleaching step to the diglyme-HCl method could produce cellulose of comparable purity to -cellulose by comparing the yield, percent carbon, and carbon (13C) and oxygen (18O) stable isotope ratios of the two celluloses. We tested each method on the wood of five species that differ in ease of delignification, Eucalyptus maculata Hook., E. botryoides Sm., E. resinifera Sm.,Pinus pinaster Ait. and Callitris glaucophylla J. Thompson & L.A.S. Johnson, as well as the foliage of C. glaucophylla. For hardwoods such as the eucalypts, the diglyme-HCl method without bleaching produced cellulose with 13C and 18O ratios similar to -cellulose. For the softwood, C. glaucophylla, 3 h of bleaching with acidified chlorite following treatment with diglyme-HCl produced cellulose with 13C and 18O ratios similar to -cellulose. Bleached and unbleached crude celluloses and -cellulose of P. pinaster were similar in 18O, but not 13C. Both types of crude cellulose produced from the foliage of C. glaucophylla had significantly different isotope ratios from -cellulose. Overall, the diglyme-HCl method, with or without bleaching, appears to be a simple, fast method for extracting -cellulose from hardwoods for stable-isotope analyses, but its suitability for softwoods and foliage needs to be evaluated depending on the species.

Cellulose Extraction Thimbles

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High Performance Cellulose Extraction Thimbles

Cellulose extraction thimbles are produced from high-quality alpha cellulose cotton linter and have excellent mechanical strength and retention. Standard single thickness thimbles have a wall thickness of approximately 1 mm (10.0 m nominal particle

retention). Double thickness thimbles have a wall thickness of approximately 2 mm (6.0 m nominal particle retention) for applications where higher retention and increased wet or dry strength, or rigidity are required. The high purity of the materials ensures reliable and reproducible analytical results.

Standard Cellulose Extraction Thimbles

Thimbles of type 603 are made from high-quality cellulose and 603 g thimbles are made from borosilicate glass fibers with an inorganic binder. For all automated extraction apparatus in common use, Whatman offers thimbles whose dimensions are matched exactly to those of the thimble holders to ensure optimal fit.
Thimble size selection guide
Thimble sizes should be selected carefully to fit extractors correctly. The different sizes represent the established practice of showing the internal diameter and overall length of the thimble in millimeters. Therefore, an extra allowance for wall thickness should be made when calculating external diameters. The thimble should pass through the narrower end of the upper extractor socket, allowing 1 to 2 mm clearance, and be 5 to 10 mm above the level of the top of the siphon tube.

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:4ziZD-RrYcJ:jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%25204%2520Issue%25201%2520March%252009/Vol_4_1_5768_Yan_Yan.pdf+cellulose+extraction+methods&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgQL3OZFx910fGGa LQ2t3J5RoWmhhGpiOojSi-EwvWx2tmYculYaOj5c8olrUcznXQFhsWZroE_aBNj_Dp2rCxBBhOSq23P2RKbDa3QJyqKJrDGNnIcLd38r945KzN9GUSp0a_&sig=AHIEtbSpX7-RdBV7aVHopxVeF3xlCNzZPQ

Cellulose is widely used in many aspect and industries such as food industry, pharmaceutical, paint, polymers, and many more. Due to the increasing demand

in the market, studies and work to produce cellulose are still rapidly developing. In this work, liquid phase oxidation was used to extract cellulose from palm kernel cake to separate hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The method is basically a two-step process. Palm kernel cake was pretreated in hot water at 180C and followed by liquid oxidation process with 30% H2O2 at 60C at atmospheric pressure. The process parameters are hot water treatment time, ratio of palm kernel cake to H2O2, liquid oxidation reaction temperature and time. Analysis of the process parameters on production cellulose from palm kernel cake was performed by using Response Surface Methodology. The recovered cellulose was further characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Through the hot water treatment, hemicellulose in the palm kernel cake was successfully recovered as saccharides and thus leaving lignin and cellulose. Lignin was converted to water soluble compounds in liquid oxidation step which contains small molecular weight fatty acid as HCOOH and CH3COOH and almost pure cellulose was recovered.

Keywords: Hemicellulose, Lignin, Hot water treatment, Response surface methodology