Information on Citation: methods of referencing your work Citation is when you inform the reader where your information

comes from, what your source is for what you say in a particular page or paragraph or section. Note that you only do this when you have read a book/website/handout/film/newspaper/other for the information that you are summarising. If you want to use their words directly then you employ quotation marks. You do this as you go along (it is not the Bibliography that comes at the end of your writing) by giving information on your sources in brackets or at the bottom of the page in footnotes. The best way, however, is to insert key phrases as below into your final draft to add this referencing information As has been pointed out (Baker 2002, p.6) According to Bakers 2001 survey (table 3) To quote Baker, Local Government (2005, p.7) As early as 1969, Bob Baker (p.45) was arguing Baker (2002,p.37) has demonstrated In his conclusion, Baker (2002, p.98) notes that In his article, entitled Tax Laws, Baker (2003, p.17). Baker disagrees with this (2002, p.5) Is this true? BobBaker (2002, p,8) believes not

These, along with the Bibliography, are the correct and official way to reference your writing. Ask Mike for examples to be found in past student work.

Bibliography: using the Harvard Method (Referencing System)

The Harvard Method is a means of organising and referencing the material you have used to research and investigate your written work, a Bibliography. It is a system widely used in academic and professional life. You must use it too. A bibliography is a list of the books, journals, online resources, films, TV or radio broadcasts that you draw upon to assist you in your research. It is important to note the very specific way that this information should be organised, right down to the use of italics and commas. Please note that items in each list should be in alphabetical order of authors surnames where this applies. The following is a simplified guide for you to follow.

Books The general rule is: authors surname and initial, date of publication (in brackets), title (in italics), publisher, e.g.: Bachelor, D., (2000), Chromophobia, Reaktion Books Parker, R. and Pollock, G., (1981), Old Mistresses, Pandora Books Some university departments will also ask you for the place of publication and this goes at the end after a colon, e.g.: Bachelor, D., (2000), Chromophobia, Reaktion Books: New York Newspaper/ magazine articles/ reviews Begin with the author, then title of the article (in speech marks), name of publication and then full date, e.g.: Johnson, B., The serious side of censorship, New Society, (December 2005) Siddons, P., A new beginning, The Manchester Evening News, (4/2/04) Films/TV Start with the title, followed by the date (in brackets), director, country and production company. In the case of TV, add the date broadcast, e.g.: Alien, (1979), directed by Ridley Scott, GB, TCF/Brandywine Art School, (2005), episode 1, BBC2 TV, September 12 th Using websites Give the title of the section, the full website URL address and date when you accessed the information, e.g.: Harry Potter images, www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harrypotter-and-the-order-of-the-phoenix/