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GODINA 1, Broj 1,

maj - 2005 - May Jovan Jonovski str. 1

YEAR 1, Issue 1 Jovan Jonovski

Vo ovoj broj:
HERALDIKA

Srebreniot volk na Makedon


Macedonus Wolf Argent

Srebreniot volk na Makedon Bele{ki za Mija~koto zname Odlikuvawa: ordeni i medali Hristofer @efarovi~
HERALDIKA Jovan Jonovski VEKSILOLOGIJA str. 2

Dr. Sne`ana Filipova FALERISTIKA str .7

Petar Gajdov str. 9

Lena An|elkoska AMBLEMATIKA str. 13

Amblemite na politi~kite partii vo Makedonija Makedonsko Heraldi~ko Zdru`enie

Valentin Popovski HERALDIKA str. 15

Jovan Jonovski

In this issue:
HERALDRY

Macedonus wolf Argent


VEXILLOLOGY

p.1

Notes on Mijacs flag

Jovan Jonovski p. 2

Dr. Snezana Filipova PHALERISTICS p.7

Decorations: orders and medals


HERALDRY

Lena Angelkoska EMBLEMATICS p.13

Hristofer Zefarovic

Petar Gajdov p. 9

Emblems of the political parties in Macedonia


HERALDRY

Macedonian Heraldry Socety

Valentin Popovski p. 15 Jovan Jonovski

Makedonskoto heraldi~ko nasledstvo e mnogu malku istra`eno. Otsustvoto na poedinci i organizacii koi se zanimavaat so ovaa problematika e glavnata pri~ina za vakvata situacija. So formiraweto na Makedonskoto Heraldi~ko Zdru`enie ovoj vakuum po~na da se popolnuva. So zapo~nuvawe na rabotata za ostvaruvaweto na edna od celite na zdru`enieto, istra`uvawe na heraldi~kiot materijal vo i povrzan so Makedonija, se pojavija i prvite rezultati. Imeno, vo privatnata kolekcija na heraldi~arot Derek Hauard vo Brisel, pretsedatelot na Makedonskoto Heraldi~ko Zdru`enie, Jovan Jonovski, ja pronao|a knigata The Glory of Generositie(Slava na velikodu{nite), vo koja go otkriva prikazot na grbot na kralot Makedon od Ematija. Stanuva zbor za kniga izdadena vo London vo 1586 g. vo izdanie na Xon Vindest. Ovaa kniga vsu{nost e vtoriot del od knigata The Blazon of Gentry(Blazonot na Gospodata) od avtorot Xon Fern.

John Fearns The Glory of Generositie 1586, London. p.155

prodol`uva na strana 14

Macedonian heraldry heritage is very poorly researched. The lack of individuals or organizations involved in this issue is the main reason for the above situation.

With the establishing of the Macedonian Heraldry Society, this vacuum started to be filled in. The start of the activities toward the fulfilling of one of the Societys aims, research of the heraldic materials in and related to Macedonia, brought the first results. In the private collection of the heraldrist Derek Howard in Brussels, Jovan Jonovski, President of the Macedonian Heraldry Society, found the book The Glory of Generositie in which he discovered the image of the arms of the king Macedonus of Emathia. It is a book published in London in 1586 by John Windest. This is actialy the second part of the John Fernes The Blazon of Gentry.

Continued on page 14

Od urednikot Kone~no izleze i prviot broj na Makedonski Herald, glasnikot na Makedonskoto heraldi~ko zdru`enie. Vo nego }e najdete temi od heraldikata, kako i od srodnite nauki i disciplini. Vo ovoj broj ima tekstovi i od veksilologijata, faleristikata i amblematikata. Na{a `elba e ovoj glasnik da bide referencijalen izvor od oblasta na heraldikata i srodnite nauki i disciplini. Vo nego }e bidat objavuvani i temi od teoriskata heraldika, kako i od heraldi~kata terminologija. Istotaka vo nego }e se publikuvaat i heraldi~kite dostignuvawa registrirani vo Registerot na Makedonskot Heraldi~ko Zdru`enie, edinstven od vakov vid vo Republika Makedonija From the editor, Finally, the first issue of the Macedonian Herald, the gazette of the Macedonian Heraldry Society has been published. Inside, you will find articles on heraldry, but also on other related sciences and disciplines. This issue contains texts from vexillology, phaeleristics and emblematic. Our wish is that this gazette will be a reference source for heraldry and the related sciences and disciplines. Themes from theoretic heraldry will be published, as well as a heraldic dictionary. It will publish all armorial bearing registered in the Register of the Macedonian Heraldry Society, the only one of its kind in the Republic of Macedonia.

Dr. Filipova Sne`ana

MAKEDONSKI HERALD
e glasnik na Makedonskoto Heraldi~ko zdru`enie

is the gazzete of the Macedonian Heraldry Society

MACEDONIAN HERALD

Sekoja organizirana socijalna zaednica ima svoi insignii: totemi, znamiwa, barjaci. Znameto ili barjakot e ednobojno ili pove}ebojno par~e tkaenina ukraseno so vezeni ili aplicirani znaci (inicijali, figuri, amblemi) sekoga{ postaveno na visoko mesto, pricvrsteno za stap ili jarbol. Osven {to e vojni~ki znak, voedno e i znak na zapoved, odnosno amblem na samiot voda~. Treba da se ima vo predvid i univerzalnata simbolika na negovoto viorewe pod dejstvoto na vetrot, {to se povrzuva so elementot vozduh, odnosno so dvi`eweto i so fazite na di{ewe. 1 Anti~kite narodi vo Evropa i Azija upotrebuvale razni vrsti na vojni~ki znaci i simboli za me|usebno razlikuvawe. Sepak, dene{nite znamiwa svojata forma im ja dol`at na voenite znamiwa na rimskite carevi nare~eni vexillatum/a. Znameto koe go upotrebil Konstantin Veliki vo borbata protiv Maksencije e nare~eno labarum (lat. labarum, gr~ki labaron) {to pretstavuvalo bajrak zaka~en na kopje. Na dnoto visele resi, od stranata dve crveni lenti, a na nego natpisot SPOR Senatus populusque romanus= senatot i narodot rimski ili oznakata i imeto na legijata koja go nosi. Konstantin Veliki vo sredinata go postavil Hristoviot monogram, {to se objasnuva so tradicijata deka na son pred spomenatata bitka mu se pojavil ovoj znak i ~ul glas In hoc signo vinces-vo ovoj znak }e pobedi{.2 Posle Konstantin, labarumot po~nala {iroko da go primenuva Crkvata. Od nea pak go prevzela vojskata, koja od 11 v. po~nala da primenuva heraldi~ki i alegoriski znaci. Nivnata forma varira, zavisno od formacijata i ~inot na stare{inata kako i od situacijata vo koja se upotrebuva. So voveduvaweto na turnirite od strana na imperatorot Fridrih Barbarosa vo 12 vek vo Germanija i so pojavata na t.n.

Bele{ki za Mija~koto zname

vojni~ki mona{ki redovi se zgolemuva i repertoarot na znamiwa, koi po~nuvaat da dobivaat i li~ni obele`ja na stare{inite, oznaki na nivniot vite{ki red, nivni logoa, motoa, bexovi, posveti. Taka osven ~etvrtesti i triagolni znamiwa 3, imame i ~etvrtina od krug (normanskite zaka~eni na jarbol).4 Po dolgovekovnata upotreba na raznoobrazni znamiwa vrzani so razli~nite voeni rodovi i ~inovi, od 19 v. voenoto zname se izedna~uva so dr`avnoto.5 Makedonski znamiwa Kaj nas se poznati/za~uvani samo najdocnite barjaci koi se upotrebuvale vo vostanijata protiv turskata vlast. Od turski izvori e poznato deka ov~arot Tane od. S. ^airli, Bitolsko kako buntovnik bil i bajraktar na aramiite. Za `al ne ni e za~uvano ni Karpo{ovoto zname od 1689 g. koe turskite izvori go narekuvaat zlosre}no6, koe sigurno so negovoto proglasuvawe za kral dobilo i po{iroko zna~ewe od voeno zname. Zatoa go imame Razlove~koto zname od 1876 g.: temno sin lav so crveno - zlatna bogata grivna i edna crveno zlatna noga, so beli detali na glavata, i isplazen dolg jazik, i mnogu dolga opa{ka koja so tufkata doa|a nad glavata na `ivotnoto, vezen na `olta pozadina, apliciran vrz crveno platno, koe bilo upotrebuvano i pri Kresnenskoto vostanie po 2 godini. Ikonografski lavot ne e inspiriran od grbovite na Makedonija i Bugarija od Stematografijata na @efarovi~, pa ostanuva da se najde tipologijata, koja e neobi~na i spored grivnata i spored dvobojnosta na figurata.7 Sekoja ~eta od razli~nite delovi na Makedonija koja u~estvuvala vo Ilindenskoto vostanie vo 1903 g. imala svoe znamena primer Ohridskoto imalo simboli~na pretstava na devojka vo bel fustan koja vee

zname i ist takov lav kako na Kresnenskoto zname do nea, samo pomal i ispraven na dve noze (ili samo lav, i dvete na crvena pozadina, ili zlaten krst na postament na crvena pozadina kako ona na Kru{evskata ~eta, kako i fakel koj go dr`at dve race, vmetnati vo lovorovi granki i t.n.). I zdru`enija na Makedonskata dijaspora vo stranstvo imaat interesni znamiwa (na pr. kni`evnoto dru{tvo od Petrograd, Rusija od 19 v., ima dominanten bel ednorog na crvena pozadina, izlo`eno vo Muzej na Makedonija). Na nekoi srednovekovni slovenski ikoni na svetci vojnici, tie javaat nosej}i mali barjaci.8 Mijacite se Makedonci koi se razvivale kako posebno pleme, {to se zaklu~uva od nivniot govor, obi~ai, nosija, arhitektura, geografski predeli koi gi naseluvale. Onie ~ii sela bile vo blizina na rekata Radika, vo izvorite se narekuvaat i Rekalii. Sorabotuvale i so srpskiot voda~ protiv turskata okupacija Kara|or|e. Lazar Arsenijevi} - Batalaka gi opi{uva kako lu|e so vojni~ki duh, koi i koga se doma na vilaetot ne im davaat na Turcite lesno da gi gme~at,.. a za svoite zaslugi osven ~inovi i blagorodstva, bile osigurani so penzii od Avstriskiot dvor.... 9 Svoite stare{ini gi narekuvale glavari ili glavatari.10 Mija~koto zname Osobeno e interesno mija~koto zname, koe se smeta za mnogu staro. Pretstavenite `ivotni vo aglite na edna verzija od ova zname imaat dolga tradicija i ~esto se upotrebuvaat vo heraldikata, a i ~etvrtiot znak- polumese~ina i yvezda se sre}ava u{te na mesopotamskite kameni me|nici i steli.11 Pred 64 godini Georgi Traj~ev go prenesuva tvrdeweto na polkovnik Stamatov deka znameto so

lav po pa|aweto na Bugarija pod Tursko vladewe vo 1395 g. e za~uvano vo debarskiot kraj. 12 Isto takvo zname so lav se upotrebuva vo rekanskiot kraj kaj Mijacite, objasnuva Traj~ev. I go opi{uva vaka: na belo platno od koprena ili drug materijal, dolgo okolu 1 m. koe slu`i kako glavno pole, vo sredinata e pretstaven krst so krug na presekot na kracite, a vo prazniot prostor me|u kracite e ispi{ano so poznatite kratenki imeto na Isus Hristus IS HS i NIKA (Pobeda). Vo ~etirite agli stojat mali figuri na lav, dvoglav orel bez krila, zmej i polumes~ina so yvezda nad nego. Rabovite se obrabeni so crveni triagolnici koi gi gledame i na

Muzej na Makedonija- etnolo{ka zbirka

Museum of Macedonia-ethnology display

prstenot so koj e obvien sredi{niot krst. Interesna e pretstavata na orelot, na ~ie telo gledame {tit so krst i 4 bukvi, verojatno kratenkite IS HS. Od mija~koto selo Tresonce13 e za~uvano zname koe go poseduva familijata Pandilovci, denes `iteli na Skopje, za koe sopstvenicite velat deka e staro pove}e od 200 godini i e mnogu sli~no na ona objaveno kaj Traj~ev, samo yvezdata e postavena von kracite na mese~inata, a dvoglaviot orel nema krst vrz teloto. Dolgo e 1,30 a visoko 0,70 m. Izraboteno e od belo platno, a prestavenite ornamenti se raboteni kako aplikacii vo crvena boja. Vo praznite poliwa okolu krstot se vpi{ani bukvite

IS HR (a ne S kako kaj ona objaveno kaj Smiqani}) i NI KA. Nekoi znamiwa mo`e namesto ovie `ivotni da sodr`at ku~e kako zamena za lavot, i kowanici so celosna oprema. 14 Tomo Smiqani}-Bradina po poteklo Treson~anec, vo svojata kniga od 1925 g. go opi{al znameto -barjakot kako crveno belo sin krstest barjak, so krst na vrvot na kopjeto.15 Toj doobjasnuva deka Mijacite pravat razlika me|u zname i barjak, prviot termin za niv go prestavuva znameto na dr`avata, a bajrakot e samo nivnoto zname. Zna~ajna informacija {to ja naveduva, a koja indirektno zboruva i za starosta na znameto e deka Mijacite zvani~no op{tele so sultanot u{te vo 1521 g., spored fermanot {to go ~uva tresone~kata familija Bradinovci, od koja poteknuva i avtorot. Kako privilegija {to im pomognale na Turcite vo vojnata so Avstrija, na Mijacite im bile dadeni prava da nosat oru`je, da ne pla}aat danoci, da go za~uvaat svoeto zname i t.n. Smiqani} naveduva i eden interesen podatok: svojot barjak Mijacite go ~uvale vo najstarata naselba {to ja sozdale po doseluvaweto vo dene{na Makedonija -Su{ica, kade po Kosovskata bitka se povlekol nivniot vojvoda. Ova zname po potreba go razvivale, kako na primer pri Pikolominieviot pohod vo 1689 g.16 Vo Muzejot na Makedonija vo Skopje se ~uvaat dve verzii na mija~ki znamiwa koi se ozna~eni kako svadbarski. Ednoto ima nekoi zaedni~ki elementi so prethodno opi{anite, samo razlikata e {to gi nema `ivotnite, a znakot na polumese~ina i yvezda se povtoruva 4 pati i toa okolu sredi{niot krst po dijagonala, alterniran so isto tolku golemi 4 crni krsta, {to zboruva deka ne se raboti za znak na turskata imperija. Sredi{niot krug ne go sodr`i ~etirikrakiot krst, tuku se sostoi od 19 kraka-perki vo

tri boi, bela, crna i crvena. Ova zname ima tri triagolni izdol`eni zavr{nici od slobodnata vertikalna strana, a drugite strani se obrabeni po horizontala so edna crna i edna crvena lenta, odnosno crna i bela okolu drvenata dr{ka koja nema krst na vrvot. Osobeno e interesno drugoto izlo`eno zname koe nema ni{to zaedni~ko so trite opi{ani do sega. Ovde vo centarot gledame golem crven krug formiran od crveni i posvetlo crveni branovidni lenti obraben so bela lenta i sredi{en pomal bel krug so vpi{ana mala ~etvrtesta rozeta, koj mo`e da asocira na leb~e (svadbarsko?). Vo gornite dva agli gledame ~ove~ka figura so edna ispru`ena raka kon sredi{nata polumese~ina, pretstavena naopaku so kracite nadolu. Dali ovaa kompozicija e povrzana so analognite pretstavi na ste}cite?17 Dolu pod krugot se pretstaveni levo i desno po dve `ivotni, verojatno ku~e ili volk koj brka jagne. Po vertikala znameto ima dve {iroki crveni lenti so bel krst vo sredinata, a ~etvrtata strana koja se viorela zavr{uva so 5 triagolnici, 3 crveni i 2 beli, a taa nasproti niv e temna {iroka lenta. Spored pozata na ~ove~kite i `ivotinskite figuri ova zname (ili mo`ebi sepak prekrivka), bi trebalo da bide postaveno so triagolnicite nadolu, inaku figurite bi se gledale od strana iskriveno. Mo`ebi se postavuval nad svadbeniot kola~? Bidej}i ovie dve znamiwa osobeno se razlikuvaat od onie dve opi{ani pogore, od koi barem ednoto e staro nad 200 godini, mo`ebi ovde imame pomladi varijanti ili ova se samo svadbarski varijanti raboteni vo deceniite po vtorata svetska vojna, koga Mija~ijata po~nala da opustuva, pa ve}e ne bilo tolku va`no da se upotrebi originalno zname tuku mo`ebi po~nale da se izrabotuvaat negovi derivati od strana na onie familii koi dotoga{ ne go poseduvale? Indikativno e i ne postoeweto na

Znameto od Tresonce - spored Traj~ev Flag from Tresonce, according to Trajcev

Fusnoti 1 J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Re nik simbola, Zagreb 1987, 34-5. 2 Leksikon ikonografije, liturgike i simbolike zapadnog hri{~anstva, Zagreb 1985, 372.) 3 Michel Pastoreau, Heraldry, New York 1997, 71. 4 Chevalier, Gheerbrant, Re nik simbola, 5 Opa Enciklopedija, tom 8, JLZ, 679) 6 Dokumenti za borbata na makedonskiot narod za samostojnost i za nacionalna dr`ava, Tom prvi, Skopje 1981, 149 i 156. 7 Hristofer @efarovi~, Stematografi, faksimilno izdanie Sofi 1986 8 Na primer na ikonata od 14 vek na koja se pretstaveni Sv. Knezovi Boris i Gleb so edno crveno i edno sino zname, od Tretjakovska Galerija vo Moskva. Spored mr. Emil Aleksiev, postoi i edna postvizantiska ikona od na{ata zemja na koja e pretstaven Hristos koj dr`i zname so heraldi~ki grb. Za `al i po nekolku obidi ne uspeav da dobijam podetalni informacii od avtorot. 9 Dokumenti, 169. 10 Tomo Smiqani}, Mijaci, Gorna Reka i Mavrovsko Pole, GSND Skopje 1925, 61. 11 Biblijski prira~nik, Zagreb 1989, 436. 12Georgi Tra ~ev, Kniga za Micit Sofi 1941, glava 16, strana 94-5. 13 Seloto se spomenuva za prv pat vo pi{ani izvori vo 1467 g. Spored Pravoslaven Hram Sv. Petar i Pavle, Skopje 1995, 6.

krst na vrvot na dr{kata. Vo sledniot broj: Tolkuvawe na apliciranite motivi

14 Spored napisot objaven vo letopisot Tresone~ki Letopis, 1995, 14-15. 15 Smiqani} Mijaci, 73. 16 Smiqani} Mijaci, 73-4. 17 ^ausidis gi sumira nekolkute mo`ni tolkuvawa na ~ove~ka figura so ispru`ena ili predimenzionirana raka na ste}cite, od koi vo slu~ajot so mija~koto zname mo`e da se prifati samo verzijata za pozdrav kon pokojnite lokalni feudalci-vojvodi, tolkuvawe na A. Benac. O.B. Merin pak smeta deka se raboti za obra}awe kon vi{ite sili so magisko zna~ewe. Edinstveno zbunuva obratnata postavenost na polumesecot. Vidi kaj ^ausidis, Dualisti~ki sliki, 335. 18 Fransis Kont, Sloveni, Beograd

1989, 334.

Dr. Filipova Snezana

Notes on Miaks flag

Each organized social community has its own insignia like totems, flags. The flag or barjak is one color or multicolor piece of cloth decorated with embroidery or applications of signs (initials, figures, emblems) always put on high place, attached to a stick or mast. Apart from being a military sign, it is at the same time a sign of an order that is emblem of the leader. We shall also have in mind the universal symbology of the movement of the flag in the air that is related to the element air, or in other words with the movement and the phases of breading.1 The ancient people of Europe and Asia used various types of military signs and

symbols to differ between themselves. Still, the present flags owe their form to the military flags of the Roman emperors name vexillatum/a. The flag used by Constantine the Great in the campaign against Maxencius is named in Latin labarum, in Greek labaron) which stands for a flag put on a spear. The bottom part of the flag ended in tassels, two red bands hanged from aside and the flag itself had the inscription SPOR Senatus populusque romanus (The Senate and the people of Rome), or the sign and the name of the legion that wore it. Constantine the Great had placed Christ monogram in the middle which has been explained with the tradition that he had dreamed it the night before the mentioned battle and a voice told him In hoc signo vinces-you will win in the name of this sign.2 After Constantine, the labarum had been used by the Church to a large extent. The army took it over from her, and in the course of the11th c. it began to place heraldic and allegoric signs. Their form varies depending on the formation and the rank of the officer as well as the situation it has been used in. The introduction of the tournaments by Emperor Fredrik Barbarosa in the 12th c. in Germany and with the appearance of the military monastic orders, the repertory of the flags enlarges and they begin to receive the personal signs of the officers, the signs of their knight order, their logos, mottos, badges and dedications. Thus we can see apart from rectangular and triangular flags3, also one forth of a circle, (like the onesthe Normans put on their masts).4 After the several century long usage of various flags related to many military orders and ranks, since the 19th c. the military flag equals the national one.5 Macedonian flags In our country only the latest flags from the few revolutions against the Turkish occupation in the 19th-20th c. have been preserved (known to us). The contemporary Turkish sources inform us of some shepherd named Tane coming from the village Cairli, near Bitola who became a revolutionary and bore the flag of the "terrorists". Unfortunately, the flag of Karpos who organized a large uprising in 1689 named by the Turkish sources as the one with

evil lack6, is not preserved, which must have achieved more then a military significance after his proclaimed himself a king with a seat in Skopje. We have kept the flag of the Razlovec rebellion in 1876: it shows a dark blue lion figure with reddish yellow mane and one leg of the second, with small white details of the head, and a long protruding tongue, and a very long tail that ends with a tassel above the head, embroidered on yellow material, applied on a larger red square flag. The same has been used two years after, during the rebellion of Kresnovo. Icnographically the lion has not been inspired by the coat of arms of Macedonia and Bulgaria published in the Stematography of Zefarovic, so it remains to find the typology which is unusual according to the mane and the two-colored figure of the animal.7 Each military company from the various parts of Macedonia that has took part in the rebellion of Ilinden (the day of St .Elijah) in 1903 has its own flag (for instance the one from Ohrid had a symbolic figure of a girl dressed in white dress, that hangs a flag and a small lion next to her similar to the one from the Kresnovos flag, only here rampant, or only a lion figure, embroidered on red material, the company from Krusevo had a golden cross on a pedestal, or a torch hold by two hands, encircled by two olive branches, etc.). Also the societies of the Macedonian emigration in the foreign countries had interesting flags (for instance the Macedonian literary society in Petrograd, Russia, from the 19th c. has dominant white unicorn on red, on display in the Museum of Macedonia). Some medieval Slavic icons of worrier saints show small flags they bear while riding.8 Miaks (Miatci) are Macedonians, Slavic people once separate tribe that can be concluded from their dialect, customs, costumes, architecture they live in, and geography of the regions they have inhabited. Those whose villages have been situated near the river Radika have been named also "Rekalii". Once they have cooperated with the Serbian leader against the Turkish occupation, Karageorge. Lazar Arsenijevic-Batalaka describes the Miaks as people with military spirit, that even when being at home in the Turkish vila-

ets do not let the Turks handle them with easiness,.. and for their merits apart from ranks and noble dignities, have received pensions from the Austrian court...".9 They have named their officers glavari or glavatari (the head man).10 Miacs flag Miacs flag is a very interesting one considered to be very old. There are three animals represented in the corners, having old tradition, frequently used in heraldry, and the forth sign is a crescent and a star, a sign that can be traced down to the Mesopotamian border stones and stellae.11 64 years ago Georgi Traichev in his Book about the Miaks, talking about the flag, tells us about the information given by officer S. Stamatov, who claimed that after Bulgaria* has been occupied by the Turks in 1395 the flag with the lion symbol has been preserved in the region of Debar.12 Traichev further explains that similar flag has been in use in the area of Debar within the Miaks. He describes it this way: on a white wool or other material long approx. 1 m. in the mid there is a large cross with a circle at the crossing of the bars, and in the empty space between them there are the shortened Christ name IS HS and the Greek word for victory inscribed NIKA. In the four corners there are small figures of lion, doubles headed eagle (or doubles headed snake) without wings, dragon and crescent with a star above it. The double - headed eagle is very interesting since on the copy published in Traichevs book we clearly see on its back a shield with central cross and four inscribed signs or letters, probably IS HS. The Family Pandilovci, who come from the village of Tresonce,13 now living in Skopje, keep an old flag that belong to their family for over 200 years as they claim. It is very much alike the one published by Traicev, only the star is placed outside the crescent, and the double headed eagle (resembling snakes) do not have a cross inscribed on their body. It is 1,30m long and 0, 70m high, made of white material, and the represented ornaments have been made as red colour applications. 14 In the free space between the cross bars there are four inscribed letters, IS HR (and not S, as in the flag

published by Smiljani) and the word NIKA. Some flags instead of the above cited animals, may have a dog the type that is autochthonous for Macedonia-living in Sar Planina, as a replacement for the lion, and horsemen in full armor. 15 Tomo Smiljanic-Bradina whose family comes from Tresonce in his article published in 1925 in GSND has described the flag as well as red white and blue with a cross, with another cross on the top of the spear. 16 He states that the Miaks make a difference between a zname and a baryak (both denoting flag, the second one is Turkish), the first term stands for national state flag and the second for their own flag. An important document he cites that indirectly speaks about the old age of the flag is a ferman (an edict) issued by the sultan in 1521, today kept by the Family Bradinovci from Tresonce, the author originates from. As a privilege that they helped the Turks in the war with Austria, the Miaks have been given the right to use weapons, to be excluded from taxes, to use their own flag etc. Smiljanic tells us another interesting fact: the Miaks has kept their flag in the oldest settlement they have organized after their migration to Macedonia in Suica, where their duke had withdrawn after the battle in Kosovo. This flag they have used when needed, for example in the course of the battle with Picolomini in 1689 .17 In the Museum of Macedonia in Skopje there are two versions of Miaks that have been described as wedding flags. One of it has some common points with the two described above, only here the animals are different and the sign of the moon and the star repeats four times around the central cross diagonally, alternated by four small crosses that speaks it is not the sign of the Turkish empire The middle cross has 19 bars in three colors white, red and black. This flag ends in three triangles on the free vertical side, and the other two horizontal sides have combined red and black band, while the vertical side around the spear has a combination of black and white fields and does not end

plied motives.
(Footnotes) 1 J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Recnik simbola, Zagreb 1987, 34-5. 2 Leksikon ikonografije, liturgike i simbolike zapadnog hriscanstva, Zagreb 1985, 372.) 3 Michel Pastoreau, Heraldry, New York 1997, 71. 4 Chevalier, Gheerbrant, Recnik simbola,34. 5 Opca Enciklopedija, tom 8, JLZ, 679) 6 Dokumenti za borbata na makedonskiot narod za samostojnost i za nacionalna drzava, Tom prvi, Skopje 1981, 149 i 156. 7 Hristofer Zefarovic, Stematografiya, faximile edition, Sofia 1986 8 For instance on an icon from the 14th C. from Moscow, Tretjakovski gallery, where the dukes St. Boris and St. Gleb have been represented with one red and another blue color. According to Emil Aleksiev, M.A., there is a Post Byzantine icon from Macedonia that shows Christ holding a flag with Heraldic coat of arms. Unfortunately, I could not get detailed information on this from the author. *Including the present territory of Macedonia -note of the translator. 9 Dokumenti, 169. 10 Tomo Smiljanic, "Mijaci, Gorna Reka i Mavrovsko Pole", GSND Skopje 1925, 61. 11 Biblijski priracnik, Zagreb 1989, 436. 12Georgi Trajcev, Kniga za Miyacite Sofia 1941, capital 16, pg. 94-5 13 The village has been mentioned for the first time in the written sources in 1467 g. See Pravoslaven Hram Sv. Petar i Pavle, Skopje 1995, 6. 14 According to the article published in the yearly paper Tresonecki Letopis, 1995, 14-15. 15 Idem. 16 Smiljanic Mijaci, 73. 17 Op.cit, 73-4. 18 Chausidis summarizes several possible readings of human figure with a stretched over hand on the stetzci and in the case of the Miaks flag we can accept only the version suggested by A, Benac as an expression of salutation to the dead local feudal lords-dukes. O. B. Merin thinks it is actually magical communication with the high powers. See Causidis, Dualisticki sliki, 335.

Muzej na Makedonija- etnolo{ka zbirka

Museum of Macedonia-ethnology display

with cross. The other exhibited flag is very interesting and has no common elements wit the other three described previously. Here in the middle there is a large red circle made of red and light red wavy lines framed by white band, with inscribed smaller white circle and a rosette. This allures associations with some festive breads (a wedding one?). In the upper corners there are two human figures and a lunette between them, they spread their arm towards. The crescent ends are upside down. Could this composition be related to some analogue one to the grave monuments of the Bogumils in Bosnia (stetzci)?18 Under the circle on each side there is a dog or a wolf running after a lamb. The vertical ends of the flag bear wide red bands with a white cross in the middle, and the fourth side ends in five white and red triangles, while the upper end has dark wide band. According to the pose of the human and animal figures this flag (or a cover over the wedding bread?) should have been standing with the triangles down, otherwise they would have looked wrongly. Since these flags are very different from those two described above, one of which is over 200 years old, we might have here younger variants or this are only wedding flags made in the decades after the Second world war when the region once inhabited by the Miaks began to be depopulated so it was not so important as previously to use the original flag, but new derivates began to be made by those families that did not posses them in the past? It is indicative there is no cross on the top of the spire, too. In the nex issues: Reading the ap-

Eden od malkute heraldi~ki grbovi na op{tinite vo Makedonija: Grbot na op{tina Centar One of only few heralcic arms of the municipalities in Macedonia Amrs of municipality of Centar

Petar Gajdov

Odlikuvawata se dodeluvaat na ili zlato ili pak se posrebreni poedinci, institucii ili voeni ili pozlateni. Naj~esto se edinici za posebni zaslugi, pod- sre}avaat vo kru`na ili ovalna vizi ili postignati rezultati vo forma, a se nosat pricvrsteni so vojna i vo mir. Za razlika od os- lenta na gradite. tanatite vidovi nagradi, odlikuPove}eto odlikuvawa imaat po vawata pred s# imaat moralno nekolku redovi ili stepeni koi zna~ewe za onoj komu se dodelu- go opredeluvaat i nivniot op{t vaat, a odredeni odlikuvawa so rang. Na~inot na koj se nosat odsebe nosat i odredeni privilegii. likuvawata obi~no e odreden so Postojat dve vrsti na odliku- vrstata na uniformata koja se vawa i toa: Ordeni i medali. nosi. Pa taka mo`e da se nosi Samiot zbor orden poteknuva originalnoto odlikuvawe ili od ordo i ozna~uva red. Pa taka samo lenti~ka koja go pretstavuna angliski e orders, na va toa odlikuvawe, a francuski -orders, na gerponekoga{ se nosat i manski -Orden, na ruski minijaturni kopii na ordena. odlikuvaweto. Taka se narekuvaat po Voeni odlikuvawa vite{kite redovi. mo`e da se dodeluvaat Prvite ordeni se pojavi na civilni lica za ile vo XV vek i do krajot zaslugi vo vojna i vo na XVII vek se dodeluvale mir, a posebno na onie isklu~ivo na visokoto koi se zaslu`ni za razfeudalno plemstvo, a na vojot i odbranata na nositelot so toa mu se zemjata. davalo pravo na odredena Pojavata na voenite titula i privilegii. odlikuvawa vo sovremen Vo XVIII vek, osobeno smisol povrzana e so posle francuskata revbrojnoto zgolemuvawe olucija dodeluvaweto na na armiite kon krajot na ordeni se pomalku bilo XVII i po~etokot na XVIOrdenot legija usloveno so tituli i II vek. Odlikuvawata gi na ~esta op{testveni pozicii Legion of Honour vovele apsolutisti~kite tuku pove}e bilo usloveno od vladeteli kako nagrada za poedinzaslugite na poedinecot. ci i nivno posilno povrzuvawe i Ordenite se izrabotuvaat od naklonost kon Monarhot. metal, naj~esto od zlato, srebro Prvoto odlikuvawe za voeni ili bronza. Formata im e raz- zaslugi e Orden na Sveti Luj (Orli~na, pa taka se sre}avaat vo for- dre de Saint Louis) go vostanovil ma na yvezda, krst i medaqon, a Luj XIV vo 1693 godina za svoite mo`at da bidat ukraseni so skapo- oficeri katolici. ceni ili poluskapoceni kamewa. Negoviot primer nabrzo go sleOrdenite se nosat na lenta, so ger- dele i ostanatite evropski feudan ili zaka~eni na gradite. dalni monarhii i kne`estva: Medalite vo onie dr`avi kade Saksonija vo 1736-Voen orden na {to postojat ordeni imaat poni- Sv. Hajnrih; Prusija vo 1740-Orzok rang. Se pretpostavuva deka den za zaslugi; Avstrija vo 1757se vovedeni po primerot na raz- Orden na Marija Terezija; Rusini ukrasni predmeti koi se dode- ja vo 1769-Orden na Sv. \or|i... luvani u{te vo vremeto na Za vreme na francuskata revanti~kite vojski, kako na prim- olucija so dekret od 30.07.1791 se er phalerae vo rimskata vojska. ukinati site prethodni odlikuObi~no se izraboteni od metal vawa vo Francija. Na predlog na i toa naj~esto od bronza, srebro Napoleon Bonaparta vo 1802 god-

Odlikuvawa: Ordeni i medali

ina vostanoven e Orden Legija na ~esta, koj vo ne{to poizmenet oblik i do dene{en den ostana najvisoko francusko civilno i voeno odlikuvawe. Inaku kako forma na istaknuvawe na nositelot na odlikuvawe se praktikuva i bex - zna~ka ili kop~e - rozeta na odredeno odlikuvawe. Toa gi sodr`i boite i znakot na odlikuvaweto i obi~no se nosi na civilno odelo vo razni priliki, vo sekojdnevna upotreba. Interesno e da se spomene deka odredeni zemji (Estonija, Latvija, V.Britanija, Avstralija...) imaat posebna forma na odlikuvawa koi se dodeluvaat na gospoda, a posebna forma za dami. Damskata verzija na odlikuvaweto sekoga{ e vo forma na pandelka na koja e prika~en bexot na ordenot, a pak dokolku odlikuvaweto se dodeluva so lenta, lentata za damite e so pomala {iro~ina od onaa za gospodata.
Ordenot na Sveti \or|i Order of Saint George

Ordenot na Sveti Luj Ordre de Saint Louis

Petar Gajdov

Decorations: Orders and medals


individuals, institutions, organizations and military units for specially merit in war and peace. Unlike the other types of awards, the decorations in first place have moral importance to the recipient of the order or the medal. Some decorations also come with privileges to the recipient. There are two different types of decorations: Orders and medals. The word Order comes from Latin Ordo and its mean chivalric order. So we have order on English; ordres on French; Orden on German; ordena on Russian, so called by the knights chivalry orders. The first orders are founded in XV c. and till the end of the XVII c. were awarded only to the high feudal nobility. With the order the recipient usually became eligible to honor, titles and other privileges. In the XVIII c., especially after the French revolution order awards less and less depended one titles and society positions of the recipient person, but more on a personal merit. The badges of the orders are made form metal, usually gold, silver or bronze. Their forms differ, and can be in form of star, cross or medallion, decorated with precious stones. The
Estonskiot orden na crveniot krst, 1 red, ma{ka i damska verzija Estonian order of the red cross, 1st class, male and female version T he decorations are awarded to

Orden Marija Tereza Order Maria Teresa

badges of the orders are worn at sash, collar or as a breast star. In those countries where orders exist, the medals are considered lower rank. Presumably they were introduced based on decorations which were awarded in time of antique armies, as for example, phalerae in the Roman army. They are usually made form bronze, silver and gold or are silver or gold plated. In most cases, are in circle or oval form and are worn on the breast attached on a ribbon. Most of the orders and medals have several ranks or degrees which determinate their general grade. The way of wearing of the decorations usually is determined by the type of uniform worn. They could be worn as an original order badge or the ribbon of the order, and sometimes miniatures from the orders or medals could be worn. Military orders can be awarded to civilian as well for merit in war and peace and especially for those who are meritorious for the prosperity and the defense of the country. Appearance of the military decorations in contemporary meaning is connected with the expansion of the armies at the end of XVII and the beginning of the XVIII century. The decorations were established by the monarchs as an award to the individuals and their loyalty to the Minarch.

The first decoration for military merit is the Order of Sent Luis (Ordere de Saint Louis) which was established by the king Luis XIV in 1693 for his catholic officers. This example soon was followed by other European feudal monarchies and principalities: Saxony in 1736 - military order of St. Heinrich; Prussia in 1740 - Order for merit; Austria in 1757 - Order of Maria Theresa; Russia in 1769 Order of St. George During the French revolution with decree of 30.07.1791 all orders and medals from imperial France were banned. On suggestion of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802, the order of the Legion of Honor was establish, which with some changes in the type of the

Dama komandir na Ordenot na bawata Order of Bath dame commander

badge, is still awarded today as the highest French civil and military decoration. Other form of decoration disply is miniature badge or miniature rosette with the colors of the ribbon of the order, which usually is worn on civil suit in different occasions and daily. It is interesting to be mentioned that some countries (Estonia, Latvia, Great Britain, Australia) have different form of decorations which is awarded to ladies then those for gentleman. The ladies version of the decoration is a ribbon in braid form on which the badge of the order is attach and if the order has sash, the dimensions of the sash for ladies is narrower then that for gentleman.

Lena An|elkoska

Hristofer @efarovi~ 1690 - 1753


Duhovnik, sve{tenik, golem umetnik - `ivopisec, grafi~ar i graver, poet, kni`evnik, kaligraf, stematograf, prv heraldi~ar vo Makedonija i me|u prvite heraldi~ari na Balkanot. Bil i trgovec, pate{estvenik, predvesnik na ju`noslovenskata Prerodba. Vo nau~nata i stru~nata literatura se {pekuliralo deka bil Srbin, Bugarin, Vlav, Slavomakedonec, no se znae deka poteknuval od semejstvoto @efarovci od Dojran (Polin)1. Vo vremeto na @efarovi~ - Dojran bil episkopski grad, sedi{te na Poljanskata episkopija, koja ja so~inuva{e Dojranskata, Kuku{kata i Karada~kata okolija. Tatkoto na Hristofor Dimitrij bil sve{tenik. Na 17 godi{na vozrast Hristofor se zamona{uva vo nekoj od manastirite vo okolinata na Dojran. Toj bil pasioniran patnik, posetitel na manastirite niz Makedonija i po{iroko. Pred da go napu{ti rodniot mu Dojran prestojuval vo svetili{tata na Sv. Gora, Solun, Dojranskata i Kuku{kata okolija, crkvite i manastirite vo Ohrid, Prilep, Lesnovo, Sopo~ani, Staro Nagori~ani, kade gi razgleduval ikonite i freskite. Go posetil i Zografskiot manastir na Atos. "Zatvorenosta" na Otomanskoto Carstvo za prodiraweto na novinite na humanizmot i renesansata od Zapadna Evropa pridonele mnogu u~eni i slobodoqubivi Makedonci da ja napu{tat Tatkovinata, posebno po Avstrisko - turskite vojni kon krajot na XVII vek. So nekoi svoi rodnini emigriral i @efarovi~ na teritoriite na Habsbur{kata monarhija. Toj ne otpatuval pravo za Viena, ami izvesno vreme prestojuval vo Belgrad, koj vo toa vreme se nao|al pod avstriska vlast. Vo 1734 godina zaminal za Sremski Karlovci, kade {to se zanimaval so izrabotka na ikoni i freski, pe~atewe na knigi i ikoni, izrabotka na crkovni vezovi i dr. Negoviot nemiren duh go tera da patuva ne samo po celata Karlova~ka mitropolija, tuku i nadvor. Toj prestojuval vo nekoi od pogolemite gradovi na Evropa, s# do Erusalim. Sozdavaj}i vredni umetni~ki dela nadvor od granicite na Otomanskoto carstvo, na prostorot na Dunav i Sava, Hristofor @efarovi~ se zdobil so golema popularnost i slava me|u ju`noslovenskite narodi. Toj e prv makedonski prerodbenik, so golem tvore~ki potencijal. Od sredinata na XVIII vek stanal najbaraniot na prostorot me|u sredna Evropa i Mediteranot. Bil poliglot, gi vladeel pokraj makedonskiot, gr~kiot, turskiot, bugarskiot i srpskiot jazik. Gi znael i crkovnoslovenskiot i latinskiot jazik. Stanuva vistinski naslednik na svetite bra}a Kiril i Metodij. sv. Kliment i sv. Naum Ohridski, na prviot makedonski pe~atar od XVI vek - Jakov od Kamena Reka (Kamenica), makedonskite pe~atari od Vla{ko (Romanija) - Melentij Makedonski, Stefan Ohridski i Nektarij Pelagoniski (Bitolski) i dr. Vo svoite likovni dela se osloboduva od "svetogorskata tradicija" i ja prifa}a novata, "moderna" umetnost so koja po~nuva Preporodbata me|u doselenicite vo Ungarija, osobeno me|u Makedoncite. Toa se gleda vo negovi-

ot `ivopis vo crkvata na Bo|anskiot manastir (Ba~ka), koja pretstavuva eden od najzna~ajnite spomenici na slikarstvoto na XVIII vek kako po negovata monumentalnost, taka i po novitetite vo likovnata umetnost. Po 1740 godina go napu{ta slikarstvoto i se posvetuva na grafikata. Se pretpostavuva deka ovaa tehnika Hristofor ja nau~il vo Makedonija, od bakrorezite od vtorata polovina na XVII i po~etokot na XVIII vek, a pe~ateni vo Venecija. Inaku, vojvodinskite majstori ja poznavale samo tehnikata na drvorezot. Novata graverska tehnika imala svoi prednosti. Izrabotkata bila pobrza i poubava. Bakrorezite na @efarovi~ bile barokni so elementi od tradicijata. Vo Viena se preseluva 1741 godina, kade {to pe~atel razni crkovni tekstovi, ikoni, sliki, i na kraj, knigi so svetovna sodr`ina. Tamu, sorabotnik mu bil Toma Mesmer (koj imal graversko atelje), a rabotele zaedno pod pokrovitelstvo na pe}skiot patrijarh
Stematografija- posveta Stematografia- dedication

Arsenie IV. Ovoj patrijarh, inaku ideolog na ilirstvoto i tendencijata za sozdavawe na edna golema slovenska dr`ava na prostorot od Dunav, Crno, Egejsko (Belo) i Jadransko More, i Italija. Ovie idei gi prifatil i @efarovi~. Slobodarskite streme`i }e se manifestiraat vo najzna~ajnoto delo - knigata "STEMATOGRAFIJA", koe mu donelo najgolema popularnost i afirmacija me|u ju`nite Sloveni. Inaku, Stematografijata ili rodoslov, pretstavuva zbornik od "izobra`enija" (grbovi) i likovi na slovenskite vladeteli i svetci. Tehni~kata priroda na rabotata bila na Toma Mesmer, dodeka @efarovi~ bil grafi~kiot i likovniot urednik na grbovnikot. Deloto ne e originalno, tuku e prevod i prerabotka na "Stematografijata" na hrvatskiot pisatel Pavle Riter Vitezovi} (1652 - 1713) od 1701 godina. Stematografijata na @efarovi} i Mesmer, so postariot naslov "Izobra`enie oru`ij iliri~eskih" bila otpe~atena vo Viena na 21 oktomvri 1741 godina, na denot koga Arsenie IV bil potvrden za patrijarh i na kogo mu e posvetena knigata. Slobodnata prerabotka na Vitezovi}, na latinski jazik e vo ponovata tehnika bakrorez i e napi{ana na crkovnoslovenski jazik vo ruska redakcija. Na ovoj jazik, vo toa vreme pi{uvale pove}eto od ju`noslovenskite pisateli. Taa celi 200 godini pretstavuvala edinstven i osnoven pe~aten heraldi~ki prira~nik me|u ju`nite Sloveni. Nabrzo po izleguvaweto na ova izdanie se pe~ati vtoroto i tretoto, poradi golemiot interes za knigata. Za vtoroto izdanie bile upotrebeni istite bakrorezni plo~i, no so mali izmeni. Stematografijata ne e vo boja, no zatoa so heraldi~ko {rafirawe se ozna~eni boite. Knigata ima 110 stranici i po~nuva so 16 gravuri na ju`noslovenski svetci i vladeteli, me|u koi i portretot na patrijarhot Arsenie Jovanovi}. Taka, @efarovi} go iz-

10

menil karakterot na albumot so grbovi na Vitezovi}. Knigata pravena po pora~ka na Arsenie IV imala i politi~ko zna~ewe. Se rabote{e za nere{enata jurizdikcija nad pravoslavnite voop{to, a osobeno nad pravoslavnite vo Avstriskata Imperija, a kade {to najgolemi pretenzii imal Arsenie IV. A bidej}i toa ode{e vo prilog i na avstriskite tendencii, streme`i i vlijanija, posebno vrz pravoslavnite vo Turskata Imperija, Avstrijcite go odobrile izleguvaweto na Stematografijata vo Viena. Se smeta deka @efarovi~ gi crtal i gi re`el samo svetcite i vladetelite, a tekstot i grbovite gi re`el Mesmer. Zatoa grbovite od umetni~ka gledna to~ka se najslabo gravirani i tie pretstavuvaat samo kopii na Vitezovi}evite grbovi. Gi ima 58 na broj, naredeni po azbu~en red, po~nuvaj}i od Albanija, Avstrija, Besarabija, ^e{ka, Rusija, Krit, Dakija, Epir, Dardanija, Grcija, Istra, Mizija, Polska, Skitija, Turcija, Transilvanija i site drugi oblasti, koi spored razbirawata od sredinata na XVIII vek, vleguvale vo sostav na Ilirik, ili site oblasti vo koi nekoga{ `iveele Sloveni. Taka, Stematografijata, nesomneno pretstavuvala spomenik na panslavizmot. Kon grbovnikot se dava tekstualno objasnuvawe za sekoj grb pooddelno. Od ova poglavje se gleda deka vo toa vreme u{te ne bil poznat zborot "grb", tuku namesto nego se upotrebuvani zborovite, "znameni" ili latinskiot zbor "arma". Stematografijata ima i go-

Grbot na Makedonija Coat of Arms of Macedonia

lemo heraldi~ko zna~ewe, bidej}i od nejzinata pojava pa s# do denes, taa bila osnoven izvor za heraldi~kite potrebi kaj site ju`nite Sloveni taa slu`ela za primena na heraldikata vo praktika. Koga se postavuvalo pra{aweto za dr`aven grb, site ju`ni Sloveni, bez isklu~ok, se obratile kon Stematografijata na @efarovi~. Taka, po osloboduvaweto vo 1879 godina Bugarija za dr`aven grb go proglasila - `oltiot lav so kruna na temnocrveno pole, a nad poleto carska kruna, zemen od Stematografijata na @efarovi~, bez nikakvi izmeni. Sli~no napravile i Hrvatska, Crna Gora, a i Kralstvoto SHS vo 1921 godina. Makedonija po osloboduvaweto proglasi svoj grb, no poradi zadocnuvaweto i neznaewe ne se ugleda na Stematografijata, kako {to bil slu~ajot so drugite ju`noslovenski narodi2. Kaj @efarovi~ makedonskiot grb go ima tripati, i toa edna{ posebno, a dvapati zaedno so drugite slovenski grbovi. Posebniot grb e pretstava na

crven lav na zlatno`olto pole, od {to jasno se gleda deka e zemen od Vitezovi} zaedno so site gre{ki vo boite {to toj gi zamenil, t.e. bugarskiot grb gi dobil dotoga{nite boi na makedonskiot grb, i obratno. [titot e {panski, isto kako kaj Vitezovi}. Nad glavata na lavot nema kruna, koja inaku ja ima makedonskiot lav vo Ilirskite grbovnici. Nad {titot ima carska petokraka kruna. Nad grbot pi{uva "Makedonia". Pod grbot ima ~etiri stiha, koi, vsu{nost, se prevod od latinski na crkovnoslovenski. Stihovite vo sloboden prevod glasat: Ispraven crven lav na zlatno pole, Znamenie na crkvata na koja i se pravi ~est. Golemiot Tur~in ja odnel dijademata od lavot; Izgubiv jas sekakva ~est {to tolku ja imav. Stihovite se sepak poinakvi od onie kaj Vitezovi}3. Hristofor @efarovi~ umira vo Moskva vo Bogojavlenskiot manastir vo 1753 godina. Inaku toj bil prviot vien~anec od semejstvoto @efarovci od Dojran, no ne i edinstveniot. Po negovata smrt vidna li~nost od negovoto semejstvo }e stane naslednik na celata negova ostavnina, vnukot od sestra - Danail, koj porano `iveel vo Solun. Otkako }e stane naturaliziran vien~anec }e bide osnovopolo`nik na blagorodni~koto semejstvo poznato vo aristokratskite krugovi vo Viena. Toa }e bide Daniel fon @efarovi~ (1736 1806), koj za odli~na dr`avna slu`ba vo 1782 godina od avstriskite vlasti }e ja dobie blagorodni~kata titula "Ritter Edler von", so predikat "blagorodnikot od Dojran". LITERATURA: Aleksandar Matkovski, Grbovite na Makedonija, Misla, 1990; Kostadin Kajdamov, Hristofor @efarovi~, Dojran, 1996; "Hristofor @efarovi~, STEMATOGRAFI - Faksimilno izdanie, komenti-

rano od Asen Vasiliev; Nauka i izkustvo, Sofi 1986 i dr. Fusnoti 1 V. Zlatarski. Narodnosta i rodnoto msto na Hristofor @efarovi~, Makedoni politi~esko, nau~no i literaturno spisanie. S., 1922, god. I, kn. I, s. 21 - 22. 2 A. Matkovski. "Grbovite na Makedonija" (Prilog kon makedonskata heraldika), Misla, 1990. Str. 127. 3 isto

Lena Angelkoska

Hristofer Zefarovic
1690 1753

A spiritual leader, priest, a big artist, painter, graphic and engraver, poet, writer, calligrapher, stematograph, first heraldist in Macedonia and amongst the first ones in the Balkans. He was merchant, traveler, one who greatly contributed to the south Slavic renaissance. It is speculated, in the scientific literature that he was a Serb, Bulgarian, Aroman, Macedonian Slav, but it is known that he originate from the Zefarovci family of Dojran. (Polin)1 In the Zefarovics time, Dojran was an archbishopric town, the seat of the Polin archbishopry consisting of Dojran, Kukush and Karadak area. His father was a priest. At the age of 17 Hristofer becomes a monk in some of the area monastery. He was a passionate traveler, visiting monasteries throughout Macedonia and wider. Before leaving his town he spent time at he Mt. Atos, Thessaloniki, Dojran, Kukush, the churches and the monasteries of Ohrid, Prilep, Lesnovo, Sopacani, Staro Nagoricani examining the frescoes and the icons. He visited the Fresco monastery on Atos. The closeness of the Ottoman Empire to the new waves of the Humanism and the Renaissance coming from the Europe, made many freewill Macedonians to leave the country, especially after the wars with Austria, at the

end of 17 c. Together with some relatives Hristofer emigrated to the Habsburg Monarchy. He did not travel straight to Vienna, but first to Belgrade, which was under Austria at the time. In 1734 he left for Sremski Karlovci, where he was painting frescoes and icons, printing books etc. His easygoing spirit take him on jurneys not just throughout the Metropoly of Karlovci, but as well to the larger cities in Europe even in Jerusalem. Making pieces of art out of the Ottoman Empire, between Danube and Sava rivers, Hristofer Zefarovic gains great popularity and glory between south Slavic ethnicities. He is the first Macedonian renaissance with great potential. From the middle of the 18c., he was the most demanded between middle Europe and the Mediterranean. He was a polyglot speaking, beside Macedonian, Greek, Turkish, Bulgarian and Serbian. He also knew Latin and Church Slavonic. He becomes a real inheriter of St. Cyril and Methodius, st. Clement and Naum of Ohrid, of the first Macedonian imprinter of 16c. Jakov of Kamena Reka, Macedonian imprinters from Romania: Melentij Makedonski, Stefan Ohridski I Nektarij etc. In his art pieces he drops the tradition of the Mt Atos and accepts the new art of the revival which starts amongst the immigrants in Hungary, especially between Macedonians. It could be seen from his artwork of the frescoes in the Bogyan monastery (Bachka), which is the most important monuments of the art of the 18c, by size and contemporary art. After 1740 he leaves the painting and moves to the graphic. It is assumed that he learnt this technique in Macedonia, from the copper engravers of the end of 17 and beginning of the 18c, who printed in Venice. The masters in Vojvodina only used wood engraving. The new technique has its own advantages. The work was easier and nicer. Copper plates of Zefarovic were baroque with traditional elements. He moves to Vienna in 1741 where he prints different church books, icons, images, and secular books. There under the patronage of the Patriarch Arsenie 4th. This patriarch, ideologist of the Iliric ideas and tendency for estab-

11

lishing a large Slavic state, from Danube to Aegean, and from Adriatic to black sea, and Italy. Zefarovic took on this idea, which will be manifested in his most important book STEMATOGRAPHY, which brought him highest popularity and affirmation amongst the South Slavs. The STEMATOGRAPHY, or genealogy, and is a collection of Coats of Arms and images of Slavic rulers and Saints. The technical work was of Toma Mesmer, while Zefarovic was the editor of the graphic and art work. This book is not an original, but translation and edition of STEMATOGRAPHY by Croat writer Paul Ritter Vitezovic (1652-1713) of 1701. The Stematography by Zefarovic and Mesmer, with older title Painting of Iliric Coats of Arms was printed in Vienna on 21 of October 1741 at the day when Arsenie IV was made Patriarch, to whom this book was dedicated. This loose edition of the Latin book by Vitezovic, is done in newer technique of copper plates and is written in Russian edition of the Church Slavonic language. This was the language used by the most of the Slavonic writers at the time. This was the only printed heraldic work among the South Slavs for the next 200 years. Soon after this, the second and third editions were printed, due to the big demands for the books. The second edition is printed with the same copper plates, but with small differences. The STEMATOGRAHPY is printed in black using the heraldic hatching for the representation of the colors. The book has 110 pages and starts with 16 pages of images of Slavic rulers and saints, including the one of patriarch Arsenie Jovanovic. Zefarovic changes the character of the roll of arms of Vitezovic. The book order by Arsenie IV had a political meaning. It was the time of unsolved jurisdiction over the orthodox, especially the orthodox in the Austrian Empire, where Arsenie IV had the largest pretensions. Since this was in favor of the Austrian pretensions and influence, especially over the orthodox in the Ottoman Empire, the Austrians did allow Stematographia to be printed in Vienna. Most probably Zefarovic has drown and engraved the saints and the ruler

12

only, while Mesmer has engraved the text and the Coat of arms. Therefore the arms, from the artistic point of view, are week, and represent copy of those of Vitezovic. There are 58 arms, listed alphabetically starting with Albania, Austria, Besarabia, Czech, Russia, Crete, Dacia, Epirus, Dardania, Greece, Istria, Misia, Poland, Scitia, Turkey, Transilvania and other areas, which, according the understanding in the 18c, were parts of the Ilirik, all areas inhabited by Slavs. So, the Stematographia undoubtedly presents a monument of pan-Slavism. At the end there is a textual explanation for every arm. From this part it is obviously that the word grb is not known, but instead the word znameni is used or the Latin Arma. The Stematography has great heraldic importance, from its publishing until today, it was used as the elementary heraldic source among all the South Slavs, and it was used in the heraldic practice. When it came to the question of state coat of arms, all the South Slavs, with no exceptions looked into the Stematographia by Zefarovic. After the liberation in 1879, Bulgaria for state arms took the golden crowned lion on red shield, above with kings crown, taken from stematographia by Zefarovic, without any correction. The same was done by Croatia, Montenegro, and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovene in 1921. After the liberation, Macedonia adopted a Coat of arms, but due to lack of knowledge did not look into the Stematography, like the other Slavic nations2. Zefarovic shows the Macedonian arms three times, once separately, and twice in the common arms. The separate arms is shown as a red lion on golden shield, which is obviously taken from the roll by Vitezovic, including the mistakes he made in confusing the colors with those of Bulgaria which got the Macedonian colors and vice versa. The shield is Spanish, as in Vitezovic. The lion is not crowned like in the other Iliric armorials. The shield is surmounted with a five pointed royal crown. Above it is written Macedonia. beneath for verses folow, which are translation from Latin, which in loose translation are: Rampant red lion on golden shield, Signs of the church to which brings

honor, The big Turk took the diadem off the lion, I lost any honor I had so much. The verses are different than those of Vitezovic3. Hristofer Zefarovc died in Moscow, in the Bogoyavlenski monastery in 1753. He was the first Vienner of the Zefarovic of Dojran, but not the last. After his death, his sisters son, Danail, once living in Thessaloniki, becomes is inheriter. After his naturalization in Vienna he will establish the noble family. Daniel von Zefarovic (1736-1806)for excellent state service in 1782 he receives the noble title, Ritter Edler von von Dojran. REFERENCE Aleksandar Matkovski, Coats of Arms of Macedonia, Misla, 1990; Kostadin Kajdamov, Hristofor Zefarovic, Dojran, 1996; "Hristofor Zefarovic, STEMATOGRAFIYA - Faximil edition, commented by Asen Vasiliev; Nauka i izkustvo, Sofiia 1986 and other. endnotes 1 V. Zlatarski. Narodnosta i rodnoto myasto na Hristofor ZefaroviC, Makedoniya - politicesko, naucno i literaturno spisanie. S., 1922, year. I, vol. I, p. 21 - 22. 2 A. Matkovski. "Grbovite na Makedonija" (Prilog kon makedonskata heraldika), Misla, 1990. Str. 127. 3 same.

Umno`eno vo:

Fotokopirawe vkori~uvawe plastificirawe kompjuterska podgotovka pe~tewe Podzemen premin h. Kontinental 3239 555

Valentin Poposki Emblems of the political parties of the Republic of Macedonia

Valentin Poposki

Amblemite na politi~kite partii vo Republika Makedonija


Nema somnevawe deka i politi~kite partii se obiduvaat preku svoite simboli da gi prikazat svoite ideolo{ki pozicii. Sli~no kako i administrativno-teritorijalnite edinici i partiite so svoite statuti gi opredeluvaat simbolite zname, grb ili logo i pesna ili himna. Kaj nas vo Makedonija me|utoa kako da postoi podvoenost me|u partite, ne samo vo nekoi klu~ni elementi, tuku i vo pogled na izborot na simbolite. Partiite od takanare~eniot lev blok i od centarot glavno se opredeluvaat za ideolo{ki logoa. Kaj ovaa kategorija amblemi mo`eme da zabele`ime deka se upotrebuvaat op{ti simboli i boi koi se povrzuvaat so nekoja op{ta ideolo{ka forma. Socijal-demokratskiot sojuz so crvenata roza i `olto-belo-sinata kombinacija (slika 1) poka`uva pripadnost na levo-centristi~kite partii od socijal-demokratska proveniencija. Vo sli~en manir e i amblemot na nivniot koalicionen partner Liberalnodemokratskata partija (slika 2). Liberalite, pak, se opredelija za sino-bela kombinacija so vklopuvawe na Evropa vo kone~niot dizajn (slika 3). Socijalisti~kata partija se razbira se opredeli za crveno logo so dopolnitelni elementi (slika 4). Od druga strana, partiite koi sebesi se opredeluvaat kako desni i nacionalni vo svoite amblemi gi vklopuvaat nacionalnite simboli. Najmalku tri VMRO-vski partii go upotrebuvaat zlatniot lav od makedonskiot zemski grb kako svoj partiski simbol. VMRO-DPMNE (slika 5), VMRO-narodna (slika 6) I VMRO-vistinska (slika 7). Kaj politi~kite partii koi mu pripa|aat na malcinskiot blok, isto taka, sre}avame nacionalni simboli, na primer kaj DPA (slika 8). Kako zaklu~ok mo`eme da There are no doubts that political parties are trying to show their ideological standings through their symbols. Just like administrativeterritorial units, parties with their statutes are determining own symbols flag, coat of arms or logo and a song or hymn. However in Macedonia there are not just ideological, but also symbolical differences among the parties. Parties of the so-called left wing and the center are choosing ideological logos. At this category of emblems we can see that general symbols are used and colours wich are connected to some ideological form. Social-democratic union with the rose and yellow-white-blue combination (pic.1) shows its belonging to leftcentrist parties of social-democratic provenience. The very similar case is with their coalition partner Liberaldemocratic party (pic.2). Liberals choose blue-white combination including Europe in their final design (pic.3). Socialist party choose red logo, of course, with additional elements (pic.4). On the other hand, the parties which declare themselves as right-wing or national include national symbols in their emblems. At least three parties with VMRO-prefix are using golden lion from the territorial arms as their party symbol. VMRO-DPMNU (pic.5), VMRO-Peoples (pic.6) and VMRO-the true (pic.7). Among the political parties that belong to the minority group, national symbols are used as like Democratic Party of Albanians (pic.8). As a conclusion we can say that our political parties will have to work on their symbols, because like they are now, could be emblems of some other parties of other countries. Party emblems of the left-wing and minority group are unrecognizable. They dont contain symbols which will show are Macedonian parties. Rightwing parties are overreacting with using national symbols. The Lion should be just one of the elements of the emblems, and not its basic part. In

13

ka`eme deka na{ite politi~ki partii }e mora poprili~no da porabotat na svoite simboli, bidej}i vakvi kakvi {to se se prili~no benigni i mo`at da bidat simboli i na nekoi drugi partii od drugi zemji. Amblemite na partiite od leviot centar i od malcinskiot blok se neprepoznatlivi. Tie ne sodr`at elementi koi poka`uvaat deka stanuva zbor za makedonski partii. Desnite partii, pak, preteruvaat vo upotrebata na lav~eto. Lavot treba da bide samo eden od elementite na amblemot, a ne negov osnoven del. Vpro~em, tokmu istaknuvaweto na lavot kako partiski simbol dovede do toa zemskiot grb da ne bide izbran za dr`aven. Verojatno }e bide potrebno vreme za

8 fact, using the territorial arms as a party symbol was the reason it wasnt choose to be the state coat of arms. It will probably needs time to re-think and after that we could sit and make real choice of the emblems of the political parties on the Macedonian political scene.
Tekstot pod slikata The text under the image

7 stalo`uvawe na mislewata i duri potoa }e mo`eme da zboruvame za vistinski izbor na amblemite na politi~kite partii na makedonskata politi~ka scena.

prodol`uva od str. 1
Ovaa kniga e edno zna~ajno delo, kako za heraldikata na Britanskite ostrovi, taka i za svetskata heraldika. Avtorot na knigata, ne se zadr`uva na objasnuvawe koj e ovoj kral Makedon, nitu pak dava drugi informacii. Tuku samo e ispi{an blazonot (opisot) na grbot. Eve go prevodot na tekstot: Makedon, kral na Ematija, nosi srebren ispraven volk na crno pole. Mislam deka negoviot grb e postaven na okrugol {tit. Ematija ja prestavuva teritorijata okolu Solun, Berija, no vo po{irok smisol teritorijata na Makedonija. Ova e interesen podatok koj zboruva za grbovite vo Makedonija, od izvor pred izleguvaweto na grbovnikot Koreni}Neori}, duri 7 godini prethodno. Ovoj podatok istotaka proizleguva od izvor nadvor od ovaa teritorija, i nadvor od tezata deka grbovite vo Makedonija se direkten proizvod na rabotata na

continued from p.1


Petar Ohmu~evi~. Na ovaa teza, i samiot Matkovski si protivre~i, koga veli deka vo univerzitetot vo Bolowa ima mnogu grbovi na u~enici koi poteknuvaat od solunskoto carstvo, zna~i od istata teritorija, no ovojpat datirano so raniot 13 vek. Deka ima bogat heraldi~ki materijal vo ovie prostori vo 13 i 14 vek zboruva i istra`uvaweto na Vujadin Ivani{evi} objaveno vo zbornikot na vizantolo{kiot institut vo Belgrad br. 41 od 2004. No ova e posebna tema na koja }e se navratime vo nekoj od slednite broevi na Makedonski Herald.

14

This book is an important writing, for the heraldry on the British Isles as well the world heraldry. The author of the book, does not engage in explaining who this King Macedonus is, nor gives other relevant information. He only gives the blazon as seen on the illustration above.

Emathia is the region around Thessaloniki, Verea and Pella , or Macedonia as a whole. This is a very interesting information, regarding the coats of arms in Macedonia, from a source written 7 years before Korenic-Neoric. This information is also sourced outside this region and outside the thesis that the Coat of arms in Macedonia are product of Petar Ohmucevic. Even Matkovski himself is contradicting this thesis when he states that in the university of Bologna there are paintings of the arms of students from the Thessalonian Kingdom, form the very same territory but this time form the early 13 c. The fact of presence of reach heraldic material on this area is proved by the research by Vujadin Ivanisevic, published in Belgrade in 2004 in the Gazette of the Bizantology Institute # 41. This is a separate issue that will be covered in one of the next issues of the Macedonin Herald.
Bex - Del od heraldi~koto dostignuvawe, koj ne mora da e vo direktna vrska so grbot Badge, part of the armoral bearings, not directly connected to the Arms

Jovan Jonovski

Makedonskoto Heraldi~ko Zdru`enie


Macedonia Heraldr y Socety

Jovan Jonovski

The interest for the heraldry in Macedonia is growing in Interesot za heraldikata vo Makedonija se the last years. As the main promoters for this interest is the zgolemuva vo poslednive godini. Kako glavni promotori za ovoj interes se knigata Grbovite na book Coat of Arms of Macedonia by Aleksandar Makedonija, od Aleksandar Matkovski i veb strani- Matkovski and the web site Heraldry in Macedonia by Jovan Jonovski. cata Heraldika vo Makedonija od Jovan Jonovski. The book Coat of Arms of Macedonia is published in Knigata Grbovite na Makedonija e objavena 1970. Taa go obratuva prisustvoto na Makedonskiot grb 1970. It research the presence of the Macedonian Coat of vo nekolku grbovnici koi se nao|aat na teri- Arms in several roll of arms found on the territory of the torijata na toga{na Jugoslavija. Delot za that day Yugoslavia. The part regarding the general heraldry is very poor. heraldikata e mo{ne {tur. The main idea of the book, apart from the published Glavnata ideja na knigata, pokraj, iznesenite information regarding the presence of the Macedonian arms, podatoci za prisustvoto na makedonskiot grb, e deka istiot e proizvod na fantazijata na Petar Ohmu~e- is that the late is product of the fantasy of Petar Ohmucevic, vi~, koj gi koristel ovie fabrikuvani fakti za da which used this fabricated fact to prove his noble status. This book does not close the question on the Macedonian go doka`e svojot blagorodni~ki fakt. Sepak, ovaa kniga ne go zatvara pra{aweto za Arms, on the contrary, it opens it. A vast research is still to be makedonskiot grb, tuku naprotiv samo go otvora. done on all other sources that Matkovski has not researched. The second promoter to the increase of the interest for Ostanuva u{te obemna istra`uva~ka rabota na site heraldry is the site Heraldry in Macedonia onie izvori koi Matkovski ne gi istra`il. Vtoriot promotor za interesot za heraldikata vo (heraldry.mol.com.mk) whose author is Jovan Jonovski, dene{no vreme e sajtot Heraldika vo Makedonija established in 2000. It covers the issue of the Macedonian (heraldry.mol.com.mk) ~ij avtor e Jovan Jonovski, i Arms in the past and present. There could also be found arms koj opstojuva od 2000g. Toj go obrabotuva pra{aweto used in Macedonia, territorial, corporative and personal. It na makedonskiot grb nekoga{ i sega. Ponatamu na also contains info regarding the heraldry in general. This last promoter has gathered the critic mass for a more nea se nao|aat grbovi koi se koristat vo Makedonija i toa, teritorijalni, korporativni i li~ni. Voedno organized activities, in the summer 2003 the Macedonian Heraldry Society was established, to fulfill the vacuum in this ima i informacii za heraldikata voop{to. Okolu vtoriot stolb se sobra kriti~nata masa za area. The main aim of the society is to elevate the heraldic edno poorganizirano dejstvuvawe, pa taka letoto 2003 understanding. The heraldic understanding is on a very low g. be{e osnovano Makedonskoto Heraldi~ko Zdru`e- level, which is proved for instance with the so cold arms of nie, za da go popolni vakuumot vo ovaa sfera. Glavnata the municipalities, which has not much in common with cel na zdru`enieto e da se podigne heraldi~kata svest, heraldry. Ant the most important question, Macedonia still has koja e na mnogu nisko nivo, {to mo`e i da se potvrdi not Coat of arms although 14 years has passed. The reason so re{enijata za t.n grbovi na op{tinite, koi i nemaat should be sought in the total heraldic ignorance of those ba{ nekava vrska so heraldikata. I najgorlivoto responsible for this issue. pra{awe, Makedonija s# u{te e bez grb, iako pominaa 14 godini. Pri~inata za ovaa sostojba pred se treba da se bara vo celosnoto nepoznavawe na Heraldikata od strana na onie {to mo`at i treba ne{to da prevzemat. Glavnata cel se ostvaruva preku konkretnite celi: 1. Popularizacija na Heraldikata. 2. Istra`uvawe na heraldi~koto nasledstvo vo i povrzano so Upravata na MHZ so gostinot predava~ Andre Voical od Francija, (od gore desno) Petar Gajdov, Sekretar; Jovan Jonovski, Pretsedatel; Kiril Makedonija. Trajkovski, ~len; Sne`ana Filipova, Potpretsedatel; Andre Vocial so 3. Izrabotka na grbovi, znami- soprugata. wa, odlikuvawa. Officers of MHS with the guest lecturer Andre Woical from France, (from uper 4. Oformuvawe na heraldi~ki right) Petar Gajdov, Secretary; Jovan Jonovski, President; Kiril Trajkovski, memregister vo koi se zaveduvaat stari ber; Snezana Filipova,Vice-president; Andre Woical with his wife.

15

The main aim is achieved through the following objectives: i novi heraldi~ki dostignuvawa (grbovi, znamiwa, 1. To increase the interest of general public for heraldry, bexevi) 2. Researching of the heraldic heritage of or connected 5. Edukacija od oblasta na heraldikata to Macedonia, 6. Izdava~ka dejnost 3. Designing armorial bearings, flags and decorations, 4. Establishing register for armorial bearings, Od dosega{nite aktivnosti bi gi izdvoile slednive: 5. Enabling heraldic education, Predavawe na tema mesnata heraldika vo 6. Publishing heraldic books, Francija, gostin predava~ heraldi~arot Andre Vocial od Franicja. U~estvo na konkursot za ordeni i dobiena prva Some of the activities realised so far: Lectures on The municipal heraldry in France, with nagrada za idejnoto re{enie za ordenot za zaslugi na Republika Makedonija, Petar Gajdov, sekretar na MHZ. guest lecturer, Andre Wocial from France. Applying to a tender for the decorations when Petar Izrabotka na kopii na pe~ati za memorijalniot centar vo Pelince i vo Sobranieto na RM, vo Gaydov, the secretary won first prize for the Order of Merit sorabotka so Muzejot na Makedonija i firmata for the Republic of Macedonia. Production of sigilum replica for the memorial center in AGENS. Pelince and in the Parliament of Macedonia in cooperation REGISTER MHZ ima formirano i register na heraldi~ki with the Museum of Macedonia and company AGENS REGISTER dostignuvawa vo koj se registriraat stari i novi MHS has established a register of armoral bearings in grbovi. Za registriranite grbovi, MHZ izdava i soodvetna matrikula. Na stranicite na Makedon which old and new armoral bearings are being recorded. For ski Herald kako glasnik na MHZ }e se objavuvat the registered armoral bearings MHS issues appropriate registriranite heraldi~ki dostignuvawa vo matricula. Armoral bearings registered will be published in the next issue of Macedonian Herald, as the gazette of MHS. periodot me|u dva broja.

[to e grb
Spored Op{ta Enciklopedija, Jugoslovenski Leksikorafski Zavod, Zagreb 1977g. grbot e: Potrajna oznaka na oddelni li~nosti, familii, korporacii, politi~ki i crkovni ustanovi, organizacii i dr`avi, izrazeni so likovni sredstva po odredeni pravila. Vo sledniot broj }e se navra-

time na definicijata na grbot, kako osnoven termin vo heraldikata, koj e i najte`ok da se definira. Na primer, poso~enata definicija izostava deka grbot e, nesomneno i oznaka na teritorija, naseleno mesto i na funkcija. Tokmu odredenite pravila (heraldikata) se ona {to opredeluva dali edna potrajna oznaka e grb ili ne{to sosema drugo (totem, tamga, logo itn.)

Delovi na grbot

[titot e osnovniot i najva`niot del na grbot. Toj go prestavuva maliot grb i mo`e da opstojuva samostojno. ^elenkata e vtoriot najva`en del na grbot, koj istotaka mo`e da opstojuva posebno, a zaedno so {titot go davaat sredniot grb, no naj~esto e pricvrsten na {lemot na koj e pricvrstena mantijata. Devizata naj~esto se nao|a pod {titot i ne go sodr`i prezimeto na nositelot! Zaedno so site gorespomenati elementi go dava golemiot grb. Drugite parafernalii se opcionalni, {titodr`a~ite i podno`jeto, a ordenot pak e samo za onie koi imaat takov od nekoj vite{ki red.Pozadi {titot mo`at da se nao|aat i simboli na pozicija, kako palki kaj mar{alite i heraldite ili kotvi kaj admiralite.

Izdava~

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Petar Manxukov 113/6 1010 Skopje, Makedonija 389 2 (0)2636 866 389 2 (0)70 971121

http://rootsweb.com/~mkdmhs http://heraldry.mol.com.mk http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mkherald heraldry@mol.com.mk jjonovski@mol.com.mk Digitalna verzija -Digital version http://www.rootsweb.com/~mkdmhs/ MKHerald-1.pdf

Publisher

Petar Mandzukov 113/6 1010 Skopje, Makedonija +389 2 (0)2636 866 +389 2 (0)70 971121

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