Assignment: Chemical Engineering Mathematics Submitted to: Sir Naveed Ramzan Submitted by: Tahir Mahmood (08-chem-16)

Q#1
A tank contains 100 gallons of brine solution with concentration 0.1lbsalt/gallon .fresh water runs into the tank at a rate of 5 gal/min. The mixture is kept uniform by stirriring. Find out the concentration of salt in that tank after 2hrs, if the rate of flow of mixture from the tank is maintained at 5 gal/min.

Solution:
Applying the salt balance the differential eq. is

Where V=100ft3 Solving analytically Ca=2.485x10-4lb/gal Solving by Mat lab M- file function dcdt=odefun(t,c) dcdt=[(-5/100)*c]; after 2hr(120 min)

In Command window >> [t,c]=ode45('odefun',[0 120],0.1); >> plot(t,c)

0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0
X: 118 Y: 0.000274

20

40

60

80

100

120

As clear from graph after 120 mins conc. Almost drops to zero,so further analysis is just wastage of time.

Q#2
A tank contain 20 ft3of water. A stream of brine solution containing a conc. Of 2 lb/ft3is fed into the tank at arate of 3 ft3/min.Liquid flows out of the tank at a rate of 2 ft3/min,if the tank is well agitated ,what is the salt concentration when the tank has 30ft3 of brine solution. Solution: The corresponding differential eq. is

Where limts of time are 0 to 10mins. Analytical solution gives Ca=1.407 lb/ft3 Using Mat-lab: function dcdt=odefun(t,c) dcdt=[(6-3*c)/(t+20)]; >> [t,c]=ode45('odefun',[0 10],0);

>> plot(t,c)
1.5
X: 10 Y: 1.407

concetration
0.5 0 0

5 time,min

10

As from graph the solution is same as we have get from analytically.

Q#3:
A plant have a big concrete holding tank of capacity 2x105 gallons. It is full of liquid to start with. It contains 1.2x105 lb of organic compound in suspension .Water runs into the tank at a rate of 40000 gal/hr and solution leaves the tank at a rate of 30000 gal/hr.How much organic material left in the tank after 3 hr.

Solution: The corresponding differential eqs. is

Where time changes from 0 to 3 hrs. So Ca=0.4107 lb/gal Using Mat-lab: function dcdt=odefun(t,c) dcdt=[(-40000/180000)*c]; >> [t,c]=ode45('odefun',[0 3],0.8); >>plot(t,c)

0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4

concentration

X: 3 Y: 0.4107

0.5

1.5 time hr

2.5

Q#4:
A large wooden storage tank initially contains 1000 lb of 10%(wt) of Nacl solution .A compressed air line that proceeds to the bottom of the tank used for the mixing of solution. By accident one night air line is left open .Approximately at the same time leak develop near the bottom of the tank. Solution leaves the tank at a rate of 1lb/min. Air flows such a rate that water evaporates at a rate of 1lb/min.

a) How much salt soln. left in the tank after 12 hrs. b) Concentration of soln. at the same time. Solution : The corresponding differential eq. is

Where time changes from 0 to 720 min. Analytical solution gives Ca=10.87%wt Using Mat-lab: function dcdt=odefun(t,c) dcdt=[(1/8560)*c]; >>[t,c]=ode45('odefun',[0 720],10); >>plot(t,c)

11 10.9 10.8 10.7

X: 720 Y: 10.88

concentration

10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.2 10.1 10

100

200

300

400 time,min

500

600

700

800

Q#5:
A tank containing 2000lb of a liquid B with 1000lb of dissolved substance S with total weight of solution equals to 3000lb.In order to extract or remove substance S from liquid B ,1000lb of other liquid A is added into the tank. S is soluble in both A & B ,but A is immiscible in B .The system is allowed to come to equilibrium ,pure A is then pumped into the tank at a rate of 25 lb/min and solution of S in A is removed from the tank such that amount of A remains constant.Similarly amount of B remains 2000lb.

Assume that two liquid phases are in equilibrium with each other. The equilibrium expression is CB/CA =0.08 where CA=lb of S/lb A, CB=lb of S/lb B a)Find out the total time required to reduced CB to0.03 b)Amount of A required to reduced CB. Solution: The corresponding differential eq. is

So Time will be t=2883 min. And

Amount of A required is =1000+2883x25=71087.30 lb Using Mat-lab: function dtdc=odefun(c,t) dtdc=[(-2080/2)*(1/c)]; [c,t]=ode45('odefun',[.48 0.03],0); plot(t,c)

0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35

concentration

0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

X: 2884 Y: 0.03

500

1000

1500 time ,min

2000

2500

3000

Q#6:
Consider the case of starting of the equilibrium still.The still is purifying benzene and toluene from a small amount of essentially non volatile impurity and is initially charged with 20lb moles of feed stock of composition xf=0.32 mole fraction of benzene. Feed is supplied at a rate of 10 lb moles /hr,and the heat input is adjusted so that the total moles of liquid in the still remains constant at 20.It is desired to estimate the time required for the

composition of overhead product yD to fallto 0.40 mole fraction of benzene. Solution: The corresponding differential equation is

Where yd is given by Yd=2.48xw/(1+1.48xw) Where xw is changing from 0.32 to 0.21 for corresponding overhead composition. Analytical solution gives T=1.58 hr. Using Mat-lab: function dtdx=odefun(x,t) dtdx=[(20+29.6*x)/(3.220.1*x)];>>[x,t]=ode45('odefun',[.32 0.21],0); >>plot(t,x)

0.32

0.3

0.28

mole fraction x

0.26

0.24

0.22

X: 1.579 Y: 0.21

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 time, hr

1.2

1.4

1.6

Q#7:
A tank contains 100ft3 of fresh water;2 ft3 of brine ,having concentration of 1pcf of salt ,is run into the tank per minute, and the mixture ,kept uniform by mixing, run out at rate of 1ft3/min.what will be the exit brine concentration when the tank contains 150 ft3of brine? Solution: The corresponding differential eq. is

Where t changes from 0 to 50 min. So Ca=0.571lb/ft3 Using Mat-lab: function dcdt=odefun(t,c) dcdt=[(2-2*c)/(t+100)]; >>[t,c]=ode45('odefun',[0 50],0); >>plot(t,c)
0.7
X: 50 Y: 0.5556

0.6

0.5

concentration

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

10

15

20

25 30 time ,min

35

40

45

50

Q#8: A copper ball is heated to a temperature of 1000C at t=0.It is placed in a water bath which is maintained at 300C.At the end of 3 min ,the temperature of ball reduced to 700C.Find the time after which the temperature of ball reduced to 310C. Solution: The corresponding differential eq. from Newtons law of cooling is

So value of k is 0.186 And then time is 22.832min. Using Mat-lab: function dTdt=odefun(t,T) dTdt=[-k*(T-Ta)]; >> [T,t]=ode45('odefun',[70 31],3); >>plot(t,T)

70 65 60 55

temperature

50 45 40 35 30

X: 22.83 Y: 31

10 time ,min

15

20

25