TEXTILE MATERIALS:

Woven Fabrics:
1. Name the three ways of making fabrics. The three ways of making fabrics are woven, knitted and nonwoven. 2. Define the following terms: a) Weaving: Weaving is the interlacing of two or more yarns, using a loom. Generally, woven fabrics are strong fabrics. b) Weft: Weft yarns are yarns that go across the woven fabric. c) Warp: Warp yarns are yarns that go down the length of the fabric. d) Selvedge: The selvedge is the edge of the fabric that does not fray. 3. Name the machine used in the weaving process. The machine used in the weaving process is called a weaving loom. 4. Name three different weave types. Select one of these weave types and describe its characteristics in detail. Three weaves are the twill weave, basket or hopsack weave, and the satin weave. The twill leave is when the yarn that goes across (weft yearn) go over two then underneath two yarns that go downwards (warp yarns). This forms a diagonal pattern, and results in a strong fabric that is warmer than a plain weave. Fabrics that are made using the twill weave include denim, drill and flannelette.

Knitted and Nonwoven Fabrics:

1. Explain the difference between knitted fabrics and woven fabrics. Woven fabrics are interlaces with two or more yarns with a loom, while knitted fabrics are produced by the process of looping together yarns with a set of needles. So basically, woven fabrics are just fabrics going over or under another fabric (different styles take different amounts), and knitting produces a fabric by looping yarns together. They are also made differently; woven fabrics are made with a loom whereas knitted fabrics are made with a set of needles. 2. Name three examples of knitted fabrics. Underwear and swimwear are examples of weft knitted fabrics, and lingerie and sleepwear are examples of warp knitted fabrics. 3. Compare and contrast weft knitting to warp knitting.

Weft knitting loops yarn across a fabric, while warp knitting is the looping of yarns together down the fabric. Weft knitting can be done by hand but warp knitting can only be done by machine. The design that the yarn creates also differs weft knitting from warp knitting, but the biggest difference is the direction of the loops.

1. Explain what is meant by the term nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoven fabrics are not woven neither knitted. They are produced directly from fibres. The nonwoven fabric is made by bonding - gluing, heating or stitching the fibres together. Because the fibres do not need to be spun or twisted to make a nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric can be made from very small lengths of fibres. 2. Name the three main ways of producing nonwoven fabrics. The three main ways of producing nonwoven fabrics are by gluing, heating and stitching. 3. Give two examples of nonwoven fabrics. Two examples of nonwoven fabrics are dish cloths and wadding.

Fibres:
1. Define the following terms: a) Fibres: the raw material for textile items; hair-like strands from different sources that are spun together to make yarn. b) Fibre Properties: the properties that the fibre has; as fibres are obtained from various sources and as a result made in different ways which gives them diverse properties. c) Fibre Blends: when more than one type of fibre is combined with another type of fibre to achieve both properties that the two fibres contain. 2. Classify the following fibres under the headings of natural or synthetic: a) Wool: Natural b) Silk: Natural c) Polyester: Synthetic d) Rayon: Regenerated (synthetic) e) Acrylic: Synthetic f) Nylon: Synthetic g) Lycra: Synthetic h) Acetate: Regenerated (synthetic) i) Cotton: Natural

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Linen: Natural