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Mental health:
> a state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing in which each person is able to realise ones abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, and make a unique contribution to ones community (The Melbourne
Charter, 2008)
> Mental illness = 13% of total disease burden and 30% of nonfatal burden (AIHW 2006) > In 2007, 45% of Australians aged 16-85 had experienced anxiety, mood and/or substance abuse disorders (ABS 2009a)
Prevalence of mental and behavioural problems 2004-5 (ABS, 2006)
protective and risk factors can be biological, emotional, cognitive, cultural, behavioural, interpersonal and environmental (The Melbourne Charter, 2008)
Wellbeing includes: > satisfactory human relationships, > meaningful occupation, > opportunities for: - contact with nature, - creative expression, & - making a positive contribution to human society (Furnass, 1996)
> WHO claims that > 25% of worlds disease burden is attributable to environmental factors
(World Health Organisation, 2005)
> But this is just referring to the health effects of environmental degradation
Environmental deprivation:
> Humans are dependent psychologically on nature i.e. humans require contact with nature
(Wilson, 1984; Kellert & Wilson, 1993)
> Explained by biophilia hypothesis (Wilson 1984) > Supported by anecdotal evidence popularity of pets, flowers > Supported by empirical evidence no. of visits to gardens; spending on gardens.
Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where Nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike.
John Muir (1838-1914) Founder of the Sierra Club
Viewing nature
Being in nature
Therapeutic gardening:
> Increasingly, gardening is being used therapeutically > In a range of contexts, incl.:
> > > > > Acute care Rehabilitation Disability services Aged care Prisons
> Emotional State Scale (ESS) indicated positive emotional change in all participants
it takes the tension and focus away from myself[and I] forget reality
In the bush there are not a lot of intrusive noises the natural sounds are pleasant while mechanical sounds are irritating
[I] demonstrated that I could do it today [weeding] even though I had doubts that I can do it
Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken over-civilized people are beginning to find out that going to the mountains is going home; that wildness is necessity; that mountain parks and reservations are useful not