PART I. INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES - ~ 2 e > ‘THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE * 7 BD | eppsmmmenvemesereAR Tis on hone wi bo ‘ridene in Pas, Kasi, ASST 23 inthe ortensem sey SE Nagin, Manip, Mizorim and Tp, Marked y ve tifa movement hese tes hve Scone visa enone the gn er pei tbe coy ci pr conn cc, ed an heed mony mafieders see ohare cone od foal way ote Te pote of Mane se and of ee, tna haat Ie sd Rajput, of Hing, sins a Sik ot Sa (rman ron) Seton. of ing maces Ghat ® fas and Ba Yara), at rhe county Whe ep ot re ar ecard | 2 allie in india mney ecu the economy on the one, hand, aod the poly onthe other ‘on account of b order pt of | angunge, money. a owe ie the Commission ssid ‘hare bve much odo wih enisngconsuvon arangemens that were essentially sound and worh preserving. There was some degree of unevenness, the Commision acknowledged, in ene state "Sonny 8 mets Aaa esos Sat ie tema ee beh i. as 0 The rime Miriser andthe Federa: Gees aa ate fale et ar Tie Fl beard a there ct : as oth overlapping and cros-cuting cleavages ~ reassuring if posvely integrated into the isituional network of “consensis' mm or dengtrovs if ungegotad in theappilizaonl drive fr nation ‘nity, Ts is what the tons eterpise is all abou: the building fof unity th every: an organic unity, not ordained from above, but agglomerated from telow and purposefully encompassed in the operational fanework of the feel te. tele, peak tothe pathology ofa federal sytem when social diversi tes break into secessonst and militant movements they have in | India Tegan of ate ae of whch wed fy denen Wa 2 Twesove fet wel accomplahe. In yi 1950, he cenand fr {he torgatsndn of sate lon ngage es pasted te plea System tthe bank an ask, In Qe 1960s, te souner ste of ira du (eh ha eae gine fr & complete sepraon irom te Ioan Union ude he Dravida Kihagan, led by ENV amaswam Nuke) expe ntowlence over te offi language poty, bute psec of plist econmadaton worked to dla the ensis 34 1 Common on CnvSige Halston Dei 8) so 87.17 foe Als we BD. Dun nd MP" Sgh "Whe ln Paseo The Fesdu Cominn eon been only Comer ewDe Aa 2 RPh tone a te a eo Sane BaHy V4 80 Dua 4s Caco change ie pose lndcope and econ 10 he sytem is open to can, nt Md nr om This chapter examines i get ‘Nara Rao fn it at eee “en Specified it ancmer ee Sey ge riled Semi aagower. Whe tee may be some excpuos fo se rend, The general vast of team as ben ida leadets uno ba Bae | ge ‘heen sunset ine uns ae ery of canal‘, ede i conte norte Sas ange aw iy. “This chapter is divided into eight pars, Tae irt seven deal with ‘conse-state leadership relations darn federal \ the Shas ers, 1964; he jandhieia 1. 1966-77, the Qesu-Charan Singh ere, i977-80; be ra I, 1980-4: the Rij Candle, 1986; andthe VP. Singh-Chandra Sekhar tra, 1989-91, These a followaggby some {general concluding remarks that rece on the perform of the curren regime of Prime Minster Narasimha Rao, eg regime of Pr ~ Besides'the unprece- eee ee te ton of cee, Ingi hada difficult ime integfating some ofthe princely states and fighting. @ war (1947-9) with Pakistan over Kashmir at the same "The uncertainties of the poliical and social envionment in CSE, Ch pee 2s. coel sariroocs 4 VP, Meno, The gation of In Ste Lode, 1956) ad Th Tre of Perf aia Oe Beh 195 The Prime Minister and the Federal System 3 Dee xy ears inden seve ein has pt aS (Gaia ae Rae cont sea a Ee scene ove. gay doumliet yr Minis ute wenrs Renu PePERRE TEE and exea-consUtutonal (aatumentalides that set the ‘near ofthe politcal system in general, and of the federal system in paar, rapt Musically characte Neha’ regime, 8 “nae gemonic’ elsewhere.’ Robert A. Dahl posts hegemonio regimes ‘gaat poyschis hat sre bred on the two dimensions ef C0) liberalisation or public contestation, and (2) participation oF Incliiveness* Nehru was sensive to both dese. dimensions and stabbed al was, however, a kind of, as Welles Hangen ot, ‘benevolent mogal, EREWIng compulsion but reserving all imporant decisions for himself.” In the federal arena ‘Reiroutncomensy un Sead ee fa bera wecom tna saint one put oe chaT sini bet were etka orerater Heed By Nee mschonoeNBN "Tere aspect getealynegleces (9Be Nevan cots it wat pasar snd lvaablysyahanised with he Congest coms Dag ely yer whe ESRD NetrTep 2 dant bur watchful ye on RATE POMDEEMENTWES re oles the preserve Boor an 8 at nari es A te ase papa Fe ae eee va wm ewa Fy BD Dua of his highly pragma nd ates deputy, Sadar Val fuinsagh the (wo TexTeTs We? To work Tope pee ‘tes tave been wel documented by shaker orien” Pa fi uae ihe Ces oa hada mare solid " 1 ATT igen és teed oe poise a Rowe nt, elves with obe or Te ae ees 7 i Paget Hilal Share of Rye SBE hed: Cape Chand Bharaya of Puned vas hens removed under pres|dental rue. Vlthough Ravi Shankar Shukla of adhys Pradesh. Hapumantalaof Mysore, SIC Si Ba eo necesaiy amie. Toowgh such lenders coninued ve Feat meow Nenu rmned so “nchlenged Cie ea i . ind "As the leader of the central government, Nehru , eftblshed the constinudonall he cenae int SF, Te polity and as 2 ul AS the "olaber of te fy centrale Congres Pay rans Whe tremendous influenee in domesticating dissent within (he \ Setters ake te form of competion Petween the minis abe egansnnal wings ofthe ste party ks lb ee Sten denmtingrecemen of he chief mse a 3 on Serrated permanent endr ag fos, but mere wee fins who wee moe cusworhy han oes and who cos 8 fie of eed, Gon Neh tures ounce en * 9 ein Gu Ena Conn 9p ee: 4 fete cote oa PETE Ce BE Ns ae tc hd t Sica Seer re. aie rae ee Aon eeiraae cones satchel power booth cen nae my ity of the states during his lifetime. pee ee oe The Prime Minster and the Federal Sv ‘TABLE 21, NEHRU'S ATITUDE TO (NCUMBENCY C! ‘CONGRESS-DOMIVATED STATES AND THER. Sunder otn of Che aes mene feet fant Bet FE Feel Fee one seas gi el ee Ota Se Am pce en pen hh ms op oe dee ae ‘ (MCB. Goo (bras Pauly 18, pty, Ta as nati ee tens Nee's Pa ee cnrecamernaamrtad SEE Ee saan wa dee cao sie ate a Umar NeW's BUTTIGEIhe position of the ‘incumbent chief minister in relation to his support stuctures, such 1 the Pradesh [i tate) Congress Lepislave Pac (CLP) and the Praesh Congress Commitee (PCC), and the outcome of crises in the Congressdorinated sates of incia between 1952 and 1963. 12 amp tua nig Ph i nin 8. Elza Sate eh en SSM EE aces Serv Gand ees semester aia igee oe Ribeiae tigen shen bt say6 8D Dua Je Tite tows da when Net's ice was gsi al ce RINNE RSG ee sae ete ‘as eu al bt ae ace i aa ce or eae oy ‘was negative, all But oF St nere at, in fact, onk 2 ie Wd) and 10) where Sate =e ice ea Gi ok contre Neky's wees sa whch noe egg tt 8 Pt ie Seal beet ates NS waged sg oe solve ani tomas heeoar eg a am Nts Sid athe wld eg he a ate ee oe frbeonay cesta Be ia Paseo Ce in 1968 De Sonpumnand ano aes ee So Soe a eC ie dese Nev's spy yas, Deir Metis of Copa bee SEEN pH thy et ower IC ImparGat C-iscass the episode seeokan er ‘nie (CB. Gupta) wha syed in office for site nance be a at a towards him (Ili) eesuse the wo caer oe ‘In eaiy uly 1963, CB. Gupa lot conto of he Usar Pradesh Congres when AP hin won the Pradesh presidency. On 1S ely aM Cabinet ministers reigned. charging Gupa wid ree, ind an-Netwy campaigning i ower Gap wana ‘a clea conus eas acy a See Som Mora Des, Nebr sled any schon apa ee ora A ‘THUR WaT, on 26 August 1965, Notas having receved 4 Weed art mands fo choose mines fo party wom ube tne Raman ape Gupta pte Dea te conmuy: Rep opr egraton snde Br lar woulda eee Bee Desa wamed Net, ard "would invite persona allegations" Moray Desi fl slghed air Gups wt removed fom oe. «ron nen Seppe RI AeST Congress Party {Ron Wer, Sepienter 1955 DeRa- WHO WHET REST the (FM MOE MOTE Gay OBaTNGT HERES Oy Tay Weis to tevin tom ie Chet uBleip-m. Nef Tel embaraiie ant Teeded peed ‘Mehias case before The Congiss high eon When the ue 1 Se BD, Gita, "Te Secon of Fan Sen ae Ute Pade ing Comet’ Sea Le Pos Sel Ca Peace ta 980, Hh ‘eon pa eed mig Sete Kane het ‘arc Mada Pe Mena Nay ey 0) nebo es TET af Gone Gg 0, ‘The Prime Minister and the Federal System on, led ston and yard Neu byieheng wal es falar of Neh’ abit, fer de Kamu) plan had rane ‘Seommoduad in remponsible party poston because of elf Glose ‘chump ia Nel ame ae pe aoa Congest pescensy snd Pa tex coor fo Nett ifr sss Prine Minners publ rlaions man. But Baksh ‘Gham Mohamed of Jana and Kashmir, Biodanand Jn of Bi, CB. Gupa o Utar Patesh an Bra: Mando of Madhya Pradesh found themselves in the political wilderness. preaehing ‘Congess sermons tothe mate es Rumour had i tat Bees was femoved becuse of hr ont 2 was removed because he defeated Neh ‘nd Sas canine, KB. Sahay forthe chief ministre OF ‘Bibs and Mandl was dispensed i pore te une in oe fey led n't a8 8D. Due tne other, Poti Tans Pll of Kerala, was ence IRE govemorship of Punja® in 1962 In eer f ingress chief mister. Sankar ‘Though ibaa ie iieesidence eugene at Neha, i, 4 imo secepn make 90m for me ‘he Prime Minster end the Fee Kar %& os f B iecove sbi ff Nenn's chris ™ ‘ Sina wayhowves eave lis hose a one ‘diniser was smooth in nope had look Fainguhng ween cvstworty and non-custworihy ciel minsers. Givi + See a aay all Toren aErination” inthe country, Shas found Bre repons of Fi chet inser for coon ‘huges quite handy. QBaTiye chi ministers under investiga, gs. karen, Ponab: Bren Mt (Ons) emsoundagiiv-and adseannin. Among te remain 1 tne dion ot Ra erm 9 fe nag es et {pum oye Cons Rea inna Ga aps rel Selva Cnt era a 09 28 19, che Mens te: Th eof cin nna Nem Yo 980, IR ADL Eset Poa rab = sn Bo aac T |) ssenotte-iaple nn-Congses sit gresmnen te soem vanes ss peace ‘veto pve am Cog ose Sse compan ne sala eae ST ene i coe Bnei : sy Nbr Sle ec arte toa FEEL cing ry dy eno op : : fonecnmentsssoeed- thei Asso 5 RGSS Grd ihe Governor’ reper agate nro i epreseative government f0 come if eRe the Communist P ree he Tecpt eections tothe Sate Assembly PECWNE nt “command working ma}eny es Meare no Shasta wart EE ete tag congea TENTS Pinon {nterets and pouieal diss Sedating svestes of elecive oe of federal hey did ‘GcSuser ty Hnniin Congres hagemany in the polital sys. mec eo a an Sc se as ste Thus, while iF Ganchi's main fous before tne parhamenary elections of 1972 ‘prey cmt een has ot Tee Mnonaoe ew Yee 7b 1 Be ee tetra Eee (ew Ded 19, Si sae Kaman lel, np awd canes Toa {ino Sear ud be vege, Kary le 0 9 SEN, $e'0R Nawnfn,Remae Say (ebay. 196-9. 128: 95 a Soper A Now 1968 pp 2OEIS. So, eres Si 58, ples enc be Cover Sette Canon pagessept} inte process of achieving thse oe Mis Cand deswoyed the boundaries between federal, Pola! game andthe Congress(0) of Nislingapps in 1963 Poe lamenary elections of 197, followed by yt ante toong Seay ESTEE aT Pakistan in December$1971, Mis. Gandhi became a Mag ike ‘eel cucuaraeagtnts haar ont ite sae fog eae ter Ma Seas naar iereerageme a tee ee eae ee ae epee tad Sa vs genni aria dart panera oa ve Pepe Supe ino and sate olies and mutilated many of the inetutonlised ‘ult of the IT Ge semproepany- oxen waitress hates te recover La trans tee Congres. Relying on delving leurs and onthe good ‘ot sate Govemors mest of whom tie Congressmen or Congres Sipe pny tae ee crea co Sergbies Gintama. | Grou Wen sce Der Henan Sun es Bae {igenes nh te alos oe ea ee le rite the spor ate ofa hose SE igi of aS Chief milters who were disioyal to het tee Wstigevitory io =e RES ew ater sas wae ated 7 SFC seh raat actnar cy iaie er Se Te Gt eh 9 PRED ae Fererdecnei ou eres Seay Su sce fom ie rate legslave assembles, he depend steal people om her own ee or het Cabinet In Nis Ce Ghanhyam Osa. P.C Sti, S'S, Ray and even a non- Menta of te tegilauve asembiy. Dewar Urs of Mysore) ~ to |e te foeman — spk of hat Mrs Gandhi use to replace own faciotums was the frequent but Par Toe BENE igh acto ae ae aul ae See un whe an Farr oon reremenrenuvercgeartaa eee aya, yas nen Och wang he epee sete se stven Sait assemblies under susp ere Fete, oe iy Sa ade wh ihe vned wat one au veered soca ah a (PreEN aE HOLE UNE ONT SORRY orginally ‘aple ei pies 7 abled cet tad RES opr of Coupe pons anti Lt Racegh ne 5 ahem at ae ae Da, Pel Ra i aah ay Cs Pi ie Srey i 19} |p eee 9 Or © 2 2D Dua ‘ Tie 2 PARTY COMPLEXION oF sta [UNDER FRESIDENTIAL SUSPENSION na CO™ERAMENS ACTION TAKEN BY THE CENTRE hay ATURE OF egos am Care Supe vente MEY ee melpmor tment, spate Congres cesiionys r o * peal aon Congress” — i ‘ oe =e ee ‘GHA Pen Ga Ue Bas Gs ee a a ‘sly sn mel sf Cups was disces 3 _ ire ie Bata ny opt oh, a pw a iain Ua, SEES ae i ee i Sy Fag a po ‘ug litle contol over thir fare pelilen! exer, Sven eet wa Snr oes va eere iar eS pce came Gmbh Peel” On-$ Eeuay 974 Pel ceed Mo cain dian a Serene iba wher ares ate iae poy ei ek ah gee ae ep oa ta oe a The Prime Mincr ond te Federal Sytem 33 Sony Be tse ate sini Mach’ 1976 when east of he osponion sae gms fn Gat, ere a. 9 = That depsding Kom tn een ie where Sans as "90 ‘hgh ema me Of couse, souls not Ts oT Ws dor vitor one overmenis (ere wee massive defections te Jara Pry In Tipu, Shin, ‘Manipet. Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh the goverment in Goa and ‘Mizoram resigned, nor could it avid the consequences of the Congress split (1978) on Congress ste goverment (Karaka, 197% Kerala, 1978) ale i oer (0 ‘monentum.Tt vas 9 eli cee 3B al flee Taran rpuent that the aiserbies had “Tse te conience fhe people’ nateitsanding ‘ising ihe twenty-eight mons that te Janata goverment as ‘n power, be wort iets othe power sevle in New Deb bet. verments ater the 1977 sate electons, te BLD proved chief a an in Sac i pe ‘pte Oa voce en ae % opin to ap in Shiite tee rants meveiteeeomn ste ceaae ores Senta: Ree eer ee Se ccee ee Bees sears Sete aeonomcarncs Tie creeviaedateta th pei fete ge i a a © Can sie SH‘The Prime Minister and the Federal SFOTER— 38 . BD Due wu he rome of St Suc pte ani i a man ah] he af cnet poe dee nae of Sai Sat as ie me Eley ace at te dav Takase ee 198, ne ikki becase of party realignment in these sates), MOUEN he Gi : Se very geo asap tt hewmen, Ray Naan, fom, making lade Tae Dee aed ae note aver Dah Coe intr of aauarsegee fam New Baht TE sat ‘Seating stoner oe ee ate woul ong ar a wa pany iat Ney Da cen oe Tn cet ur opps the sate governments in arya ‘ministers a8 pawns in their power game; the strategies for = ‘Himachal Pradesh control — wets drawn ig New Del te fame was eely payed te ie cade fe cena! Cable ane oe yeaah ae ome om inp a Fr oh ah a ana al y gis Sra a var Ur (Ramen), Shara Kumar (limachal ae pte Dv urns uma naa “Ripon cat yn) Agia Se le Psa rail Fae Cue ad WiC sa 206 stl 2 yal vera ef Minster, M.S. "The cente cannot sleep over", shouted olan, resigned in 1977 because of ihe pole aT sete i as eplaced by a Janata Cher Minister, Babul Pale the Manipur yaa ee Rete 1980, Mi shin, Assembly led by the Congress Chet Miniter, Rejumar Doves ee Singh, vas suspended in te same year, but lar revived when ‘Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Gujarat, Maharashtra ovens aie 1 ant Party wa na pin fofomm he | unr paras ear Onset, Gujarat, Maarashra fovermen Further temps were made to get id of seat he. | Min as oa | investiga ere) However. wae, eC fe Rao of Ana Fae peepee, ewe, we i {00k no action against Devara) Urt of Kamatake Who was foeed Os é {uly bythe Grover Commission ™ The exerive on dhe whole fee SRREALRMNOMMNGLAINE, Saray Ganon nominated te advance the Janata fortunes. Oa the conta, the overl impreiion lle a Tew of them (Gundu Rao, Karnataka, ACR, Antula creted by e naa cenoe dough such inesogaions een Mahesh laps Pi cA Singh, Madhya 35 ut implicate all ose eit mii wh were irs a Prat e.was his moer's son This fined was eee ‘stocaed wit or supporine of ts Gan oe NE OTE $s To Tuntion was Affer te resignation of the Desai government on 15 July 1979, e ieee hula sewer one ac iin een. || five days of i exience when Congress) declined To sapoen G 3, He items en tae a 2S, ¢ 3B. Hi San wry 26 ant AS 9 caretaker Pre Minster Charan Singh euld ot €o eon mf Te tre Bn Da Sy sent | Seay. 9 Fs 190. a 1 a's nap. ae |e ped Jain em on Polat Wal 21 A 3, 4 Na, The seen New De, 17D, Seboune, An ye Hp Md Sinn Wee) Fa thse {nan ih A St Spon of Fain ew Bene aR ore ace Dery ayo Nin te Serco Cee De 80: FRB Te Pla as aa “Spa of Soak {caro 90 wm as SSCs Dea Da aire ma#6 BD Dua ‘The Prime Miniter andthe Federal Sym 7 aefrmet Mes Cnt aude Bah Gt wg iis dificult-10 deserbe all the co 4 was easier for Mes Gandhi to maintain Te eORSAB TOT et oy TE ne aoa ni ae proses 2 p(s chennt ‘Wie cnrned wih te tk of SpE, pnt ne A sy. hh pen tan down the list of “loyaits™ wh er oie esay mach Pash Nar Badr Brora, SW ei Speed athe name a 87, and ‘Ani oe " jenkatram, ua, fia, Rajasthan; B., i Breage eatargshrs V2. Singh and Supt Misa, Ue PSS = aetna zi i Pr aR Duan ihm Pah Da a ee = gate ea ae eae SE eh TES use OSS ADT SDPO cet eet ministers who Tied (© BOT TENT i Tunes Ti ale De et Spe el fom fie Soe han expect a est ic sale "me acknowledged: "Ta ‘Indira and Rajivji and nobody is Cun iat je Masta of BESS, Sige com oy fie ay vie a ia ae Haste dd gunn be le aera eNews: | eee wares oms n ee See tae Oe J Beeae of Pa cae a at se Opn x Congestiwuppere pares foment Ra en, ; ae eign Command race re ibe cn! mii Du rt pation toe a she moment Hah Commer sepa a8 posemae © | = ga) Pl SE er meniens exe it Ken Rehthan’ lsc ne res Congres) Commies was seve Sa int) rotary (HED snd Sik (98, Ib ake anaes hit miner fAnjh of Andee Pale 1S Ast oe onemor cae, in Rady for Ms Gand © sinner: es ree aaton, many Enclave plies” of te oposion aT ‘ld_me that 1 was going io be she chief minister... Now 1 can ‘Aitiough Governor Ram Lal of Andhra Pradesh ‘had to bite thy dust ‘eee an en A tht Fn sy is hata HE abou oer Ra San mine (Tels Desa) in Au oc ven mine pn fans an Rahimi was aces 2 “o. evte fs Bhi ne ben vig mig al wi ves 48. 8 Meh, Fay Aas nt Ug re rine ie Meta te a ta ut Kae 5S Ga ay Mtv, sen a, Se Fin a ao ly wah . Se en Sey miriam SS RRP Ug RR DE Me ete esa 9m tr seve eee ear at ne so eR SR'iaion ne ro Cogn pet lm sin re 4 Fake Foe, 18 Me 1989.24, : 8 aR Se Aa de, wenn be as SB)a 2D bua epoKng aro by Consrestth® Abdullah (\atinal Conference) and pacing hi Congress (ss slaw io Sug (OSUgPOMES GM. Sha as te ele mer a he —— ene emt tate dnteiance iced many septa een Tato ion i a ee a , 1s Hower, ity his goverment began tank aot defence scandals, and hit own charms ™ tDpenice to hs motes fe wae ‘chuel'ministers, and he contiqued this pr in the Congrettt Zits sats lle he teane Pine Maser gemamasen le Be ae Aone however hada diem eo oa {lng Fo oe thing, ey bad nse vas an er a Pondeher (© Ranh i, Adan Basa Ra) ase ioe acta age ng Me eae eta tes a tases hee | 2 Tt Aone s a Pocr: Oge dP We np! and Pola Wey, Aoal Rar, SVE, Ma, cep hake a Pols una ew ba 3. 53 Be a ec Fe as Ma oe te 8 The Prime Miner and the Federal System aa The able Peni nly of eae in Congest "Je sae, bat alo te inparil eye of Ra's teen fo ‘ny oAsin’s REVOLVING DOOR POLICY FOR CHIEF 2° MINSTERS, 1585-59" Se ei aged ae boss Raw , Sar ee idee paca 5 Maa Trae ds, nay — | Vin sa Sas | aed | iene se Sk Yer Son SC te to ‘Moweies 5p pe nan Pa Sgt Canaan mpi sos See a Pe Be aa Sm ec. Te ND Tne ear Bake Sap rua) eat Bil 3, Pana yt epi gan La Nig Mai Sen ls $e Maps‘ Sih es esig Se etc ye Ben SEP teen ip ‘Hoa Nien Rape Gando BD Dua ePrice oat ARC cs SA cal “idwepdaon let We shold have hecaeh he oring SEED) anged over, ete sn pe GEES generally seeped ate ater Ma ei some governor seemed an RUF aay ot some goverars seemed anklovs to depote ther sees ha ee caer que ateemen sae es oe mie bs idan 2 Rane oe aa Aah Nana Canes "The Congress’, saic rehce z ieee a on A Gene This is a hag realy Thave cone tr aecepe PSS he Fa a ee REET, Tere Tipe ere tr ae 5 to the stae elections fanart gS Rajiv’ prespll unaemtaning wih ibe TOS a ee Separatist TN) helped the Congress) dea oe Soe Eovernment of N- Chakravart A ihe polls! Thessne gs ongresathhogeed the eed for concase 1 Ta it reparation forthe polls in Assam in 1989, Raq ote he Bato 9% malt aa en aN Sac ett nay Se ge 6 faa 13a 9 5 an re Po si ene my oem sgh Soo ens ay eRe fh os Say att ioe peice pe ‘tie fag, Su Ones Midan Tne 23 Hay 9 fe Be Tako tas ys Men hn arse sx. fermi nt a aa a isobar e Se et al wen aoe ta tna Si Sogtivaa § £ Sev o's Set epee ‘sand “Sites ovenmans wate ot enemy St “yom 8 8€ ae en tal poe ox mess re es ee SSeerteh haste, en Sei is none Eo, ay Bean 1909 Eom Pe Weal 30 hag} Sete Ob 8 BS 6 The Prime Minster andthe Federal System 3 sgtation to stack P.K. Mahant's Atom Gans Parishad (AGP) overnment that was aizeady tn twoabe on ncount ihe nom faplementson of te Assam scart Rajiv's apron aon te ven os dae, PS el polities of cont = Trai, oF 2a nd “ley Vishwanan Paap Sr ot Mandal and Mani, of Yadave and igh Tord is National Poot government {in December 1989. It wau's minority government tore bye Janata Dal ands electors ae ae ide by Lena aes an SE Te {o_pOar opposites — the Bhai Tat Py ora be SrimuRL 2 Sag ced oo 3 rOMTanE Hom Teed ‘ide of Caster of Compromise for his ability to line wp suppor for Ne-goverment tot am Te phi ane the ensues he ‘maser jopper toon files inhi manoeuvres, The ynasie sins of Devi bal, the Tau of Jn polites and Deputy Prime Minster ee este i whines rhs poeta SET demote ta gottcn setae two precter ee SuIEES tom or bie b abecng Oe plenty of he Mandal Coutnission Regart which bao Pes sppeur mong —Eedienctce vou ae He fe eadge® Bu eggnd ok ay faa a hee ase apne pervade Reper es cating ino is Havre ee epee eM oe DIF Tati oar wang Oo eptaph™ Lic Advan th BP presen ‘took up the challenge; he escalated the Mandir” OSpUre-Dver the “Batanga Hinde apple ee Oe EP UE ee ded Reena 1 hie ead 958 oe i ‘eo ot for tac Sa ent Toy 30 Sep 18 Oe. Tier nt 12 ag 19 Tne Poa 30 See 98,» Binay meg Sethe domi pla Seco, Many Hines Siny SAYES setae Sele gucy aa o Ronnation Be Ng at Ra.disparate individuals soa “The chief ministers of Tamil Nadu (M, Katunanidhi) and Assam) Moana) were proce om any cea tren besa sin cena 3 ‘and often sought afer for advice B, Singh's natural inclination was to rise above fat ° ities, ‘Dut he was besieged by ambitious Sanne 5 colleagues and diehard parties SO Soup and naaues wo nudge him out of offne wehptes sacred bs tuuonat mageeeee pau Sn zeal, Wasa si gated ace set Cte ant suet stele police sem. fore ‘brought the central government down. in his several disgraceful bids 1 lowa hmaet ag the chief minister of Haryana 2 / a The Prime Minister and the Federal System: a Sings Nate Font { ‘Chanda Sheitas 2 masier in backdoor polis, became Prime Tt then began senchng et ister in Novas ; his fifty-four member breakaway Jafat Fay Tacks ffi ese postions [et time see oe ‘agent of Ge Janata Dal, christening self Janata DalS), formed ta ferme aon emia wae me | eee aa Dl sat ie Cong) renee op dae laenae, = | SR Rees reece a eee “ae Feigaon of Sone SE MI Ts i | Gene Congress() general secreiary boasted: "Now t is up to Us Seles Gace es nema ara eS ‘fei Gels he Rene Ray Omen aa esas ay ‘on, was given & Set t: ee fact a sche BP DP alg Sn ee ee iilay, the govemment promscer hold | The wi pl inte Janata Dal following te wihdraval of BIP support elections in Punjab, But later extended presidental rte in the Sate (9 the National Front go i ernment of VP. Singh, ha created an ter pan Rew eer nna enc i eae spe station fr ro Shear che mints ih Uuay Pradesh Saseaded Congess) Sat sae in |G Congest te cos ene ayes Raton ak ‘ee a ar Rm Rawr {le Comet oe an 25 ay unis to support firm on Mandal but, unforunatly the polial conuovetsy Maly Singh Yadn, ce minis of Unar Pradesh stern ia vere i {i favour by nt only aang the BIE. bao fs meni he power defltign In New Day ind I Sous And‘Chimanbnal Putt Bt Gulati wus grag Gate 55 Freedom of sate chet mite “the Congress) chef minster a wll, svg an opportuni, jm nu Congr ee oee in. sates sara Radha Pradesh (Chenna Reds), Maharshi a bare "tn Bina, both Congress) and Jannat) made concerts {ffors o pull down the pro-V.P. Singh chief minister, Sut Looe Prasad Yaduv escaped the hatchet, Asam and Tamil Nady ruling ries were alles in the National Front goverment of V.P, Singh fd hence, either Chandra Shekhar nor Rajiv had any pariooty eagén to permit them to govern. The governments n Sova ene nae, ~ te AGP under Mahan In Assam and the Dravigs Masenes, © Rem es ora ane ees = (Sharad Pawar, and Kamataka (Veerenda Patil) stened to Rajiv, but guarded their new-found inddpendence from the eente (and the CCangress high cn Tre SETHE OT JeTOUny." The Jaa Dl rere Pn tre Meta Singh Yast (tar Praceahd aloo Prasad Yadav (Bina), and Chimanbhai Pate (Gojura) = versal enters an thar Gu Aph and ner VP Singh nor Deo Lat coula paitinevemgrormem from New Dell at nor Devi Lal could pull Me uMgr ure from New Delh cb. See Tones of na, 19M 190 frm xen eo VP. Sa: A, : Bento aaa ee age Se cee tae. ee ee tenet trta sie eas Bie oe oon to Sighs he mero eS. Th Tar ees Gece en O26 coe tnd 20 Ge 1H Ina Too, 31 Oe 1980 ia put eh ae bien, See Ind Toy 31 Mars 15-31 eos oc Sal utd to ag do he i! mar of Karta say Te Ores Satna ay Aap 1950. Fda Tins en Tae Gant Pa quton of ater, al ot Ras hod Tas be coon wi, BEEP ean be mph command aa Toga. 31 oe 18, oti as, Now 193091“ BD. Dua Sx supporve ofthe cental ation, he wat ngenes ‘has tlageed bis tesignation, And the Binar Corerot gk Pare a ing he eee ae SAS, TE ei teed aes Regn im Bon ans etree atte ‘edn of declining fe wansfer some state officials on demas the Congress." oe SGI MSD Tenewed His mperal style to tame those Cong chic misters who fa ben ess tan espsfl of hs sebans during the previous yeary@ had already managed to dspace eerentra Pat Karaka, The other two in the power geita ‘were Chennt Reddy (Andhra. Pradesh) and. Sharad. Powat (hitharashrs). The three had indulged in conclave pelics dint {he supreme leader, and it wa time for Rajiv to get even wih them, (Chena Reddy was asked to quit in favour of N- Janardkan Red, Site Sharad Pawar sought Rajiv's cepreve in a midnight audience Whi him in New Delhi Rajiv agreed to retain Pawar, bt the Tressage was clear forall the Congres?) cegional bosses: don't cress eepsing insu hough he was woried abput o Ube Congest) to api nis par, As’ Paring pit 10 Ral Puppet Mgine,caselved te Pondicherry Astembly,” and EreuhN 1 we amc ie suit Cnet, eis sue ceisiattlamn aera Soe ee ce Big tase HE OA ae dee Aicae hen tm ts ood a ets etc eee 3 Timer of India anol 2 EEEAIE Been oratg pow ie airy corey Soe ate SEG Se lsd cee nan Ph fm anon sa ae era orate Seen eS ikayeearene ‘The Prime Minister and the Federal System™ arya under presienia oe, mach tothe emerson SE mo neson” indian feceraism tind unmaking of sta bet pereds oF rteregTe gs goverea boty “is ehapier nas focused an oly one spect of Sministatons, G oven Sena and mes TE sane amewerk of consenses, i538 Tare Getwee cote andthe sats, Ms Ganeslenes perreraip bere wo ters i powes, Te Tagan federal system Ar acuate a versity of interests ae re aone woman, one ule cesire. The chief mises, aS ear of such agaregaed mee na reed and toed around fr parusan an personal ae soe uasunne oksaieS2, reasons, [nine opleny in the core ~ Mrs Gandhi could ne ens ceraroen and separatist moversents. roves her ‘Watrioo, and she was lst ro the nation, ee got geuie ase sucha sma of alt itr pte exetesed 1 good deal of politieal reais in agemanes, Doh agen tale goverment Te seemed, a eatin sec Faas ey ho et a sericea ete eels AG Fe acs Ms tn ae na oy Slee See elina mar atom ma sot ‘eee ee oben ceed al ea eee een sc) fer oe gy ipsa “can es ae pec on AY nag a here, Bee er it tna erSne mn oe ele Sa Sen 4 Tu yh ht sn fo Comal ae Harn tae 5 ens EIT! tom tar pry Casino ince ike une wae win Sve gy fs ferming te mye wad © so anche mr heap oe po bt ecne HES ite Se In Tay 18 p19 28 vm Raman ena ohne ray he tm nf Fo of Pn4 . BD. Dua Be pit tn nn eget ert te eo ie lie 3th mirage esas havi ee i eh tok tenets recent he i paw Saray et i agro mee Come Senders bare a tema ar cd paar tue Toi he ea ne a fas ean er acre pam Sok oceans geen Son stirs cneeeree a Reed oa ccarmmr ia gee wp ons ner eae Sagi et ef. in nats cata meee Bats Cnet henry ary fa St cee ramets gg via ae : ‘and consensus-building approach to politics.In the eee Zs z =i —Joverien ar CE Tone Oveeeling te sales ~ and Tight be the funcuon of ie min gquion ~ ough bis Selectively ued cena Tetaues for aren pupa. fr 91-2, eal genet wed pean pmo i fo Meghalye and Manipr tz make rom, for Congest cealton governments in nse oe vi At vi f ingen er icin Napa td orem Me Toone, or aceepdey De sovice of bs non-Conpiets Chie ante, aout eres whe eee 0 save te sate ele Exemby." The ene itappets, war pet Resa governors Zetion lopped the Congress gameplan It vas an pense 0D Meilaye MUP ity ody BB. Lyne wagon we wey esr Sabo napa serie fr Daa Sez Trash evenness Fe ann eT. 1998 Te Map ante ou ed vhs Cope panes 2 Serna ee donb A PD Ins To | “eT een a oy Vc ay duno eee reno’ ie VP Singh ema a US ae res dan Cha Souary Awl The ” The Prime Minister and he Fer Sytem 89 aioe Ta Hind, tate Congres) was basally ying to Genie te Noga People's Counc Goverment ead by Vamuzo nd capt power by engineering defeeuons."* And the Staesman Weely commented: "A: most disturbing aspect of this ‘ter was) thatthe Prime Minister was himself involved. Nass Rap will have to work harder to demnszate that his foverment pecs he consuins ofa federal syste sen i A en a LS 2 oe pea eo pene Tipe whe 1 ta cae Laan pa Sega Ae