Elements of Design(7)

Line
Line: is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. Characteristic of Line are: Width- thick, thin, tapering, uneven Length - long, short, continuous, broken Direction- horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curving, perpendicular, oblique, parallel, radial, zigzag Focus- sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy Feeling- sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth

PAUL KLEE, FRANZ KLINE, JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIATE, VINCENT VAN GOGH

Colour
Colour: A substance (such as a dye, pigment, or paint) that communicates a hue. Colour refers to specific hues (A particular gradation of colour; a shade or tint.) and has 3 properties (Hue, Intensity and Value) Colour Wheels are tool used to organize colour. Colour wheels are made up of: Primary Colours-Red, Yellow, Blue these colour cannot be mixed, they must be bought in some form. Secondary Colour-Orange, Violet, Green, these colours are created by mixing two primaries. Intermediate Colours- Red Orange, Yellow Green, Blue Violet, etc.; mixing a primary with a secondary creates these colours.

Colour Harmonies are certain combinations of colours that create different looks or feelings. Monochromatic is where one colour is used but in different values and intensity. Warm colours are on one side of the colour wheel and they give the felling of warmth for example red, orange and yellow are the colour of fire and feel warm. Cool colours are on the other side of the colour wheel and they give the feeling of coolness for example blue, violet, are the colour of water, and green are the colour of cool grass.

Shape
Shape: is a 2-dimensional line with no thickness. Shapes are flat. When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Categories of Shapes: Geometric Shapes-Circles, Squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and manufactured items. Organic Shapes-Leaf, seashells, flowers. We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular.

MATISSE, JACOB LAURENCE, STUART DAVIS AND MOTHERWELL

Space
Space: The illusion of depth can be achieved by using perspective. Categories of Space Positive space-Like in positive shape it is the actual sculpture or building. Negative space-Also like negative shape it is the space around the sculpture or building. Composition is the organization and placement of the elements on your picture plane. Focal Point is the object or area you want the viewer to look at first.

Types of Perspective Position-Placing an object higher on the page makes it appear farther back then objects placed lower on the page. Overlapping-When an object overlaps another object it appears closer to the viewer, and the object behind the object appears farther away. Size Variation-Smaller objects look farther away in the distance. Larger objects look closer. Colour-Bright colours look like they are closer to you and neutral colours look like they are farther away. Value-Lighter values look like they are farther back and darker value look like they are closer Linear Perspective is the method of using lines to show the illusion of depth in a picture. The following are types of linear perspective. One-point perspective-When lines created by the sides of tables or building look like that are pointing to the distance and they all meet at one point on the horizon this is one-point perspective. Two-point perspective-Here the lines look like they are meeting at two points on the horizon line.

ELLSWORTH KELLY, AL HELD, RENAISSANCE PAINTERS

Texture
Texture is the surface quality of an object. A rock may be rough and jagged. A piece of silk may be soft and smooth and your desk may feel hard and smooth. Texture also refers to the way a picture is made to look rough or smooth. Categories of Texture Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. Implied Texture is the where a two-dimensional piece of art is made to look like a certain texture but in fact is just a smooth piece of paper.

VAN GOGH, LUCAS SAMARAS, ERNST AND BEARDEN

Value
Value is the range of lightness and darkness within a picture. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in between. Value can be used with colour as well as black and white. Value is created by a light source that shines on an object creating highlights and shadows. Value creates depth within a picture making an object look three dimensional with highlights and cast shadows. Categories of Values Tint is adding white to colour paint to create lighter values such as light blue or pink. Shade is adding black to paint to create dark values such as dark blue or dark red. Value Scale is a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value, white to its darkest value black.

PICASSO, BRAQUE, JUAN GRIS AND SEURAT

Form
Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. (Cube, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere) Shape is only two-dimensional; form is three-dimensional. You can hold a form; walk around a form.

Principles of Design (6)

BalanceUnity is a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, colour, etc. Balance can be symmetrical (evenly balanced) or asymmetrical (un-evenly balanced).

brings together a composition with similar units. Example: If your composition

was using wavy lines and organic shapes you would stay with those types of lines for the image to be unified.

Contrast

is the combination of opposing elements eg. opposite colours on the

colour wheel - red / green, blue / orange etc. Contrast in tone or value - light / dark. Contrast in direction - horizontal / vertical. The major contrast in a painting should be located at the center of interest. Too much contrast scattered throughout a painting can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at.

Emphasis

gives a painting interest, helping to avoid confusion and

monotony. Colour dominance, focal areas, and visual emphasis with shapes.

Repetition Movement

Planned or random repetitions of colours, lines, values, and

textures to create patterns. Repetition with variation is interesting, without variation repetition can become monotonous

or motion occurs when objects seem to be moving in a visual

image. Movement comes from the kinds of shapes, forms, lines, and curves that are used. Diagonal lines tend to create the illusion of movement or motion. Changes in direction, or change in the darkness or lightness of an image can also create a sense of motion.