TOPIC 9 & 10 Paper 2

Formulae You may find the following formulae useful. average velocity = displaceme nt time
v= s t

accelerati on =

change in velocit y time

a=

(v u ) t

force = mass acceleration momentum = mass velocity change in potential energy = mass gravitational field strength change in height

F=ma p=mv PE = m g h KE = m v2 E=VIt

P= W t

kinetic energy = mass (velocity)2 electrical energy = voltage current time

power = work done time taken

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

W=Fs

_______________________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE _______________________________________________________________________________________ Francis goes bungee jumping Francis jumps from a bridge on the end of an elastic bungee rope. He accelerates and then the elastic rope slows him down. He stops before he reaches the water. During the fall, 200 000 J of energy is transferred. 17. A B C D 18. A B C D Just as he leaves the bridge, the energy to be transferred is mainly kinetic thermal chemical gravitational potential The amount of kinetic energy he has when he reaches the lowest point is zero 190 000 J 200 000 J 210 000 J

19.

The diagram shows the forces acting on Francis at one instant during the fall. 800 N Francis 600 N The resultant force on Francis is 200 N upwards 200 N downwards 1400 N upwards 1400 N downwards The sketch graphs show how speed can change with time. Which graph best shows how Franciss speed changes during his fall? speed speed speed

A B C D 20.

speed

time A B

time C

time D

time

Investigating Forces Donna and Alan are investigating forces. They use this apparatus to measure the force needed to pull a wooden block up a slope. 1 N weights Newton meter wooden board

wooden block

support

They find the average force when different weights are put on the wooden block. These are some of their results. weight of block (N) average force needed to pull block up slope (N) 21. A B C D 6 3.5 7 4.1 8 4.7 9 10 5.9

The average force needed to pull the block with a 9 N weight is likely to be 5.0 N 5.3 N 5.5 N 5.6 N

22.

Which row of the table lists the variables that they considered in their investigation? kept constant (to ensure a fair test) weight of block angle of slope angle of slope pulling force the variable they changed (the independent variable) angle of slope weight of block pulling force weight of block the variable they measured (the dependent variable) pulling force pulling force weight of block angle of slope

A B C D 23.

These are the readings from the newton meter for a block weighing 7 N. 1st try 4.0 2nd try 4.1 3rd try 4.2 4th try 4.1 5th try 4.2 6th try 4.0

pulling force in N

A B C D 24. A B C D

These readings show that the method used is reliable has no error is not a fair test should not be used to justify a conclusion Alan uses a force of 4.0 N to pull the block along the wooden board for a distance of 0.50 m. The work done by Alan on the block is 2.0 J 4.5 J 8.0 J 20 J

Electric Motor Investigation Jane and Alison are investigating electric motors. They use an electric motor to lift masses. The motor is connected in a circuit as shown. ammeter A power pack 25. A B C D 26. A B C D V voltmeter M motor

A mass of 0.2 kg is lifted through 0.3 m. Gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. The gravitational potential energy gained by the 0.2 kg mass is 0.06 J 0.6 J 2J 6J With a different mass, Jane finds that the energy input to the motor is 30 J. The voltage across the motor is 6.0 V and it lifts the mass for 10 seconds. The average current in the motor is 0.50 A 3.0 A 5.0 A 18 A

27. A B C D 28. A B C D

The gravitational potential energy gained by the mass as it is lifted is not equal to the energy input to the electric motor. This is because some energy is always destroyed in energy transfers some energy is created in the electric motor some energy is created in the mass some energy is transferred as thermal energy in the motor A mass gains 20 J of gravitational potential energy when it is raised by a different electric motor. The output power of the motor is 4 W. How long did it take to raise the mass? 0.2 s 5s 50 s 80 s Paper helicopters

Jo plans to investigate paper helicopters.

paper blade paper clip A paper helicopter spins as it falls. 29. A B C D 30. A B C D 31. A B C D 32. A B C D Jo holds a paper helicopter with the top of the blades touching the ceiling. Which of these is correct as she lets go of the helicopter? It starts to fall at terminal velocity because the forces are balanced. It starts to fall at terminal velocity because the forces are unbalanced. It accelerates because the forces are balanced. It accelerates because the forces are unbalanced.

direction of spin

The Earth is pulling the helicopter down towards it with a force of 0.07 N. The helicopter is pushing the Earth downwards with a force too small to measure pulling the Earth upwards with a force too small to measure pulling the Earth upwards with a force less than 0.07 N pulling the Earth upwards with a force equal to 0.07 N In order to reach the ceiling, Jo climbs on a stool. Her mass is 60 kg and the stool is 80 cm high. It takes her 1.5 s to climb and then stand straight on the stool. Gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. Jos average power for the climb is 320 W 720 W 32 000 W 72 000 W The mass of one paper helicopter is 7.0 103 kg. When its downward momentum is 4.2 103 kg m/s its downward velocity is 0.0060 m/s 0.029 m/s 0.60 m/s 29 m/s 4

33. A B C D 34.

A speck of dust is on the blade of the helicopter as it starts to spin. The dust moves in a circle because friction stops when the helicopter spins quicker the dust becomes lighter as the helicopter spins quicker friction pushes the dust towards the centre of the spin friction pushes the dust away from the centre of the spin Jo cuts rectangles of different types of paper, each of the same size to make different helicopters. She uses some thin and some thick paper. She tries two different blade lengths. She draws this table to record her results. blade length (cm) 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 type of paper photocopy thin card brown tracing photocopy thin card brown tracing paper thickness (mm) 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 number of paper clips 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 time of fall (s)

try 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A B C D

About which of these will Jo be able to draw a conclusion? How the time of fall depends on blade length How the time of fall depends on the type of paper How the time of fall depends on the paper thickness How the time of fall depends on the number of paper clips

Investigating acceleration Julia and Alec are investigating how the motion of an object changes with different size forces. 35. They produce this velocity-time graph for the motion of a motorcycle.
12 10 8 velocity 6 in m/s 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 time in s 1.5 2

A B C D

What is the acceleration of the motorcycle? 4 m/s2 6 m/s2 8 m/s2 12 m/s2

36.

The diagram shows the forces acting on a model car of mass 2 kg. Drag = 1 N Thrust = 3 N

A B C D 37.

The acceleration of the car will be 1.0 m/s2 1.5 m/s2 2.0 m/s2 4.0 m/s2 Julia uses a computer simulation to analyse the motion and forces on a skydiver after he jumps from his plane. Which row of the table is correct for the skydiver as his parachute opens? direction of motion direction of the resultant force direction of the acceleration of the skydiver on the skydiver of the skydiver upwards upwards upwards downwards upwards downwards upwards upwards downwards downwards upwards upwards Alec is using a computer simulation to analyse the motion of a car. The car is accelerating steadily. Here are two screenshots of the information he used.

A B C D 38.

A B C D

The acceleration of the car is 4.0 m/s2 5.0 m/s2 6.0 m/s2 7.5 m/s2

_______________________________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURED QUESTIONS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Sam uses a conveyor belt to lift hay bales up one at a time to the top floor of his barn. The diagram below shows the conveyor belt in use. Each hay bale weighs 500 N. The time taken for each bale to rise to the top is 5.0 s. top floor hay bales 10 m 6m

8m 500 N (a) motor

ground floor

Calculate the work done in lifting one bale to the top floor. State the unit in your answer.

(b)

Work done = (3000 ) [3 marks] The motor works at a voltage of 220 V and a current of 4.5 A. Calculate the electrical energy transferred by the motor in 5.0 s.

(c)

Energy = (4950 J) [2 marks] Suggest two reasons why your answer in part (a) is less than your answer for part (b).

1 2 [2 marks] [Total for Q1 = 7 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

2.

(a)

The photograph shows an osprey as she flies at a constant speed and at a constant height. Complete the diagram to show accurately all the forces acting on the osprey.

[2 marks] (b) (i) Which force must the osprey increase to accelerate forwards? [1 mark] (ii) The osprey needs to lose height. 1. Which force does she need to make smaller? Force = 2. Suggest how she can do this. She makes it smaller by [2 marks] (iii) When the osprey catches a fish, she grips it so that the fish points forwards.

Suggest in terms of forces why she does this. [1 mark]

(c)

The diagram shows the vertical forces as the osprey rises with her catch.

(i)

Calculate the resultant upwards force.

(ii)

Force = (15 N) [1 mark] Calculate the upwards acceleration. The mass of the osprey and fish is 2.5 kg.

(iii)

Acceleration = (6 m/s2) [3 marks] The osprey lifts her catch up to her nest which is 40 m above sea level. Calculate how much energy the osprey has transferred into gravitational potential energy during this lift. Gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg

GPE = (1000 J) [2 marks] [Total for Q2 = 12 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The diagram shows a satellite S moving at constant speed in orbit around a planet. Planet

Not to scale

S (a) (i) (ii) Add an arrow to the satellite to show the direction of its velocity. Label this arrow V. [1 mark] Add another arrow to show the direction of the force acting on the satellite. Label this arrow F. [1 mark]

(b)

Explain why the satellite is accelerating even though it is moving at constant speed.

[2 marks] [Total for Q3 = 4 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Mr Southwell is using a modified air-hockey table to demonstrate momentum. The small puck has a mass of 0.15 kg and the large puck has a mass of 0.25 kg.

(a)

The small puck is travelling at 3 m/s. (i) Calculate its momentum. Give the unit.

Momentum = (0.45 ) [3 marks] (ii) Calculate its kinetic energy.

(b)

KE = (0.675 J) [2 marks] Tiny jets of air are emitted from the surface of the table. Explain the purpose of these air jets.

[1 mark] (c) (i) The small puck hits the large puck with a force of 20 N. State the size and direction of the reaction force. [1 mark] (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the large puck at impact.

Acceleration = (80 m/s2) [2 marks] [Total for Q4 = 9 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

10