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ALTTC/SWIII/RK
What is an IP address?
Each host on a TCP/IP network is
uniquely identified at the IP layer
with an address.
An Internet Protocol (IP) address
specifies the location of a host or
client on the Internet.
The IP address is also known as
Protocol address
The IPv4 address is 32 bits long
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
Host
16
. 122 . 204
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
Class-B:
Class-C:
Class-D:
For Multicast
Class-E:
For Research
Class-A Address
00001010.00001010.01000000.00001001
Natural or Default Mask is /8
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.0.0.0
Class-B Address
10001010.00001110.01010000.00000001
Natural or Default Mask is /16
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255.255.0.0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
Class-C Address
11001010.00001100.01000000.10000001
Natural or Default Mask is /24
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
255.255.255.0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
10
110
1110
1111
Host Address
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
10
hhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhh
Network
Host
hhhhhhhh
11
hhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhh
Network
Host
hhhhhhhh
Number of Hosts=224=16777216
No Host ID can have all zeros
i.e. 0.0.0 and specifies network address.
No Host ID can have all ones
i.e. 255.255.255 and specifies the broadcast
address.
Number of Hosts per network= 224 -2=16777214
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
12
IPv4 address
All 0s in the host ID indicates the network itself.
All 1s in the host ID indicates the broadcast address.
203.251.7.0
168.126.0.0
203.251.7.255
168.126.255.255
203.251.7.00000000
203.251.7.11111111
168.126.00000000.00000000
168.126.11111111.11111111
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
13
Class-B address
10nnnnnn
nnnnnnnn
hhhhhhhh
Network
10
hhhhhhhh
Host
14
Class-C address
110nnnnn
nnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnn
Network
110
hhhhhhhh
Host
15
Reserved (240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255)
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
16
00000000
01111111
0-127
Class-B:
10000000
10111111
128-191
Class-C:
11000000
11011111
192-223
Class-D:
11100000
11101111
224-239
Class-E:
11110000
11111111
240-255
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
17
100%
B-25%
10111111
191
0
1
192
11000000
C-12.5%
D-6.25%
E-6.25%
224
A-50%
11011111
223
1
0
1
11100000
0
239
240
11101111
255
11110000 11111111
00000000
0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
18
Networks Vs Hosts
19
Subnetting
20
Subnetting (1 Bit)
N.N.N.H
Subnet-2
N.N.N.128/25
Subnet-1
N.N.N.0/25
1 0
Hosts:
27-2=126
(1-126)
Hosts:
27-2=126
(1-126)
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
N.N.N.0hhhhhhh
N.N.N.1hhhhhhh
0000000 - 0
0000001 - 1
0000010 - 2
.
.
.
.
1111110 - 126
1111111 - 127
21
Subnetting (2 Bits)
N.N.N.H
SN3
N.N.N.128/26
SN2
N.N.N.64/26
N.N.N.00hhhhhh
N.N.N.01hhhhhh
N.N.N.10hhhhhh
N.N.N.11hhhhhh
Hosts:62
Hosts:62
0
1
1 0
SN4
1
N.N.N.192/26
Hosts:62
(1-62)
SN1
N.N.N.0/26
Hosts:62
(1-62)
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
000000 - 0
000001 - 1
000010 - 2
.
.
.
.
111110 - 62
111111 - 63
22
Subnetting (8 Bits)
IP Address
172
16
Network
255
Host
255
Network
255
:
:
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
0
Host
255
Network
255
Subnet
Host
172.16.H.H /16
172.16.N.H /24
23
Subnet Mask
ANDing
201
222
120
24
25
= 27 = 128
= 26 = 64
= 24 = 16
= 24 = 16
= 23 = 8
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
202.195.32.0
A (50 Hosts)
E (100 Hosts)
Link-3
S0
S0
E0
E1
Link-2
S1
E0
S1
Link-1
S0
B (13 Hosts)
E0
C (14 Hosts)
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
E1
D (6 Hosts)
26
E A C B D SL1SL2SL3-
= 27 = 128
= 26 = 64
= 24 = 16
= 24 = 16
= 23 = 8
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
202.195.32.0 0000000
202.195.32.10 000000
202.195.32.1100 0000
202.195.32.1101 0000
202.195.32.11100 000
202.195.32.111010 00
202.195.32.111011 00
202.195.32.111100 00
A
0
10
1
0
01
0
1
0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
27
28
29
N/W Address
B/C Address
202.195.32.0
202.195.32.127
202.195.32.128
202.195.32.191
202.195.32.192
202.195.32.207
202.195.32.208
202.195.32.223
202.195.32.224
202.195.32.231
202.195.32.232
202.195.32.235
202.195.32.236
202.195.32.239
202.195.32.240
202.195.32.243
IP Address Range
202.195.32.1 202.195.32.126
202.195.32.129 202.195.32.190
202.195.32.193 202.195.32.206
202.195.32.209 202.195.32.222
202.195.32.225 202.195.32.230
202.195.32.233 202.195.32.234
202.195.32.237 202.195.32.238
202.195.32.241 202.195.32.242
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
30
CIDR
192.168.0.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.2.0/24
192.168.3.0/24
192.168.0.0/22
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
31
Without CIDR
NAP
198.32.1.0
198.32.2.0
198.32.3.0
198.0.0.0 through
198.255.255.0
ISP3
198.32.0.0 through
198.32.255.0
ISP1
198.32.1.0 198.32.2.0
198.32.3.0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
198.32.1.0
198.32.3.0
198.32.2.0
198.33.1.0
198.33.1.0
198.33.0.0 through
198.33.255.0
ISP2
198.33.1.0
32
With CIDR
NAP
198.0.0.0/8
198.32.0.0/16
198.0.0.0/8
ISP3
198.33.0.0/16
ISP2
198.32.0.0/16
ISP1
198.32.1.0 198.32.2.0
198.33.0.0/16
198.32.3.0
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
198.33.1.0
33
CIDR
34
CIDR
35
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
36
Internet Registries
IANA
InterNIC
America
RIPE
Europe
APNIC
Asia
Regional
National
Local
Consumer
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
37
24-bit block
Complete class-A network number
172.0001/0000.0.0-172.0001/1111.255.255
20-bit block
Set of 16 contiguous class-B network numbers
16-bit block
Set of 256 contiguous class-C network numbers
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
38
Decimal Notation
28181D or 2818110
10 digits are used this notation ( 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9)
10000
1000
100
10
104
103
102
101
100
=10000x2+1000x8+100x1+10x8+1x1
=20000+8000+100+80+1
=28181D
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
39
Binary Notation
2 digits are used this notation ( 0 & 1)
11010011102 or 846D
2
846
423
211
105
52
26
13
512
256
128
64
32
16
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
11010011102
=512x1+256x1+128x0+64x1+32x0+16x0
+8x1+4x1+2x1+1x0
=512+256+64+8+4+2=846D
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
40
Hexa-decimal Notation
16
28181
16
1761
4096
256
16
16
110
163
162
161
160
16
6E15H
=4096x6+256x14+16x1+1x5
=24576+3584+16+5=28181D
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
41
Binary
0000
Hexa-decimal
0
1
2
3
0001
0010
0011
1
2
3
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
9
10
11
1001
1010
1011
9
A
B
12
1100
13
1101
14
15
1110
1111
E
F
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
42
3333
1666
2048
1024
512
256
128
64
32
16
833
211
210
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
416
208
104
52
26
13
1101000001012
=2048x1+1024x1+256x1+4x1+1x1
=2048+1024+256+4+1=3333D
=1101 0000 01012
=162xD+ 161x0 + 160x5 =D05H
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
43
ALTTC/SWIII/RK
44