Research Paper 1

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the perception of American Degree Program

(ADP) students in the legalization of homosexuality. This topic is as of great
importance as it would give us better insight to what society thinks of homosexuality
and also its future in this country. In addition, this topic would be explored through
areas of interest like religion, health, legislation and the anthropological impact of
such a decision. This would involve extrapolation of the results by means of assuming
that the respondents would eventually run the country. Research methods used are
questionnaires and interviews. Both the survey and interviews are made out of
questions like demographic questions, attitudinal questions, opinions, and
knowledgeable questions. Interviews were conducted to get a subjective stand point
from our respondents whereas surveys were conducted to get objective data and
quantitative data. Instruments were utilized to gather information on the perception of
ADP students of Help College University on the legalization of homosexuality. The
sample size is based on the gender ratio of the ADP department. This research
hypothesis is proven true when the results of this research shows that 93.33% of the
participants agree in legalizing homosexuality while only 6.67% of them disagree in
legalizing homosexuality. It proven that a majority of students do not believe that
homosexuality is morally wrong as these people are slowly acknowledging
homosexuality.
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Content

Background 3-4

A. Purpose Statement

B. Significance of Results

Research Methodology 4-5

A. Method

B. Sample

C. Instruments Description

Literature Review 6-9

A. History

B. Causes

C. Effects

D. Past Researches

Research Findings 9 - 18

A. Survey

B. Interview

Discussions 17 - 21

A. Survey

B. Interview

Conclusion 22 - 24

A. Summary

B. Recommendations from Parents and Students

C. Recommendations for Future Study

Works Cited 25
 Research Paper 3

Background

The term ‘homosexual’ was introduced by Karl Maria Kertbeny, a German-Hungarian

journalist during 1869 in a German pamphlet opposing the anti-sodomy law.

According to Kertbeny, “ the state had no right to penalize or even to control private

consensual homosexual behavior, and that ‘homosexuals’ ought not to be objects of

derision and stigma.” ( qtd. in Ball 3).

Since the beginning of the 21st century, homosexuality is slowly being

acknowledged in certain countries such as the Europe and Canada. On the other hand,

certain Muslim countries have refused to acknowledge homosexuality as it is against

the religion and culture and considered a sin in God’s eyes. In addition, homosexuals

found in these countries are caught and punished for their behavior.

This topic was proposed as it explores many interesting areas of research on

homosexuality. In the writing of this paper, homosexuality would be explored and be

put into the context of young Malaysians. It would also explore other areas of interest

like religion, health, legislation and the anthropological impact of such a decision. It

is also believed that this study would expose the research team to a lot of information

surrounding the taboo subject of homosexuality.

The research team wants to gain feedback on this topic from HELP University

College students. It is also possible to make a strong argument of introducing an

assumption that our respondents, make up a highly probable group of individuals that

would eventually make up our future society. By looking at their perceptions on this

subject, this paper would aim to judge what would be the future outcome of

homosexuality and its acceptance in society. In short, this research aims to investigate

the perception of ADP students in the legalization of homosexuality.

 Research Paper 4

The results of the interviews and surveys of this research, is significant as it

proves that ADP students may support the legalization of homosexuality. It is hoped

that the students would cooperate and give us credible results. It is also hoped that we

open a few eyes on the violation of freedom of homosexuals.

Research Methodology

Method

This study was designed to gain input from ADP students with regards to their

perception of homosexuality and its legalization in Malaysia. Interviews were

conducted to get a subjective stand point from our respondents. Surveys, on the other

hand, were conducted to get objective data and quantitative data. To describe our

methodology, this section would be further divided into two; Sample and instrument

description.

Sample

There were a total of 80 respondents to our study, of which 20 were based

purely on interviews (hereinafter referred to as Group A) and 60 were based on

multiple choice questionnaires (hereinafter referred to as Group B). Respondents

from group B were selected based on the gender ratio of the department (60% Female

and 40% Male). Respondents from group A were randomly selected.

As interlining sub-sets were not encouraged, respondents that participated in

Group A DID not participate in Group B and vice versa.

Instruments

As mentioned above, two instruments would be utilized in this study. The

instruments would be utilized to gather information on the perception of students in

the ADP of the legalization of homosexuality. Group A and Group B were formed to
 Research Paper 5

gather primary data of this study. Both groups gathered similar data but group A was

focused on subjective answers and group B was focused on objective answers.

Group A responses gave the study more than just subjective answers, it also

gave this study a behavioral look at the respondents attitudes while talking about

homosexuality.

Group B was a sample group that was taken based on the gender ratio of the

ADP department. Steps were taken to keep the identity of the respondents as private

as possible. No personal details were taken except of course, age, religion and gender.

The researcher who gave out the questionnaires also collected them after the

respondents filled out the questionnaire and did not supervise them.

Review of Literature

This paper observes this definition of homosexuality:-

A sexual orientation characterized by aesthetic attraction, romantic love, and

sexual desire exclusively or almost exclusively for members of the same sex or

gender identity. (qtd. in wikipedia, homosexuality par.1)

The term, homosexual was coined by Karl-Maria Kertbeny, by protesting an

anti sodomy law ( qtd. in Ball 3). At that moment in time (circa 1869) the social

stigma towards homosexuals was great as men were portrayed to be masculine and

leader like. Karl, who was a heterosexual, was fighting a more personal war after his

homosexual friend committed suicide due to being blackmailed by an extortionist.

From that point onwards, the gay movement started to grow. Gay festivals like

the world renowned gay parade has gained popularity. It has become more than just
 Research Paper 6

celebrating one's sexual orientation; it's become a celebration of human

independence. From a topic that was subject to so many stigmas, homosexuality

became a symbol of sexual independence.

The first country to recognize gay marriages and rights was Denmark (Civil

Partnership 1989). After the landmark decision by Denmark, other countries that were

pro human rights started to follow Denmark's legislative model and recognize same

sex marriages. These countries were mostly European and North American

countries.

Homosexuality has always been a taboo subject in the Malaysian context.

Malaysia, being an Islamic state, is very much against homosexuality in the civil and

Syariah court of law. The opposition from society is also very great as homosexuality

is very much against the strong eastern culture that Malaysia adopts. These eastern

values were further enforced with the national unified educational system.

Homosexuals are seen as sex workers (suhakam conf, khartini slamah) and a menace

to society.

Since Malaysia is an Islamic country, consideration has to be given to the

views of Islam on homosexuality. In Islam, homosexuality is not recognized; it's also

a major sin. Sodomy is sometimes seen as something that is more serious than pre-

marital sex and adultery.

Same-sex intercourse officially carries the death penalty in six Muslim

nations: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, Sudan, Somalia and Yemen. It formerly

carried the death penalty in Afghanistan under the Taliban. The legal situation in the

United Arab Emirates is unclear. In many Muslim nations, such as Bahrain, Qatar,
 Research Paper 7

Algeria and Maldives, homosexuality is punished with jail time, fines, or corporal

punishment. In some Muslim-majority nations, such as Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, or

Mali, same-sex intercourse is not specifically forbidden by law. In Egypt openly gay

men have been prosecuted under general public morality laws (qtd. in wikipedia,

homosexuality and Islam par.1).

The five years has seen massive developments in how homosexuals were

treated in Malaysia. The Women, Family and Community Development minister has

implemented many programs for sex workers (which comprise of homosexuals and

transsexuals). Single parents that are homosexuals have also been given a break by

the establishment of trust funds throughout the country.

Research done in Germany on attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual

women, and bisexual men were assessed in a national representative sample of 2,006

self-identified heterosexual women and men living in Germany (Steffens and Wagner

137). Replicating previous findings, younger people held more favorable attitudes

than older people; women held more favorable attitudes than men; and men held

more favorable attitudes toward female than male homosexuality, whereas women did

not differentiate. However, women held more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals

than toward bisexuals, whereas men did not differentiate. Knowing a homosexual

person was an important predictor of attitudes, as was political party preference. Both

same-sex and opposite-sex sexual attraction were substantially related with attitudes.

These findings support the notion that attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual

women, and bisexual men are related but distinct constructs (Steffens and Wagner

137).
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A recent study done by Gregory M. Herek and Milagritos Gonzalez on

attitudes toward homosexuality among U.S residents of mexican descent in northern

California (122). This study shows that males' attitudes toward homosexual men were

significantly more negative than females' attitudes, whereas females expressed

relatively negative attitudes toward lesbians. It was also noted that respondents

expressing negative attitudes endorsed more traditional gender attitudes than

respondents with positive attitudes, tended to be older and less educated, had more

children, were more likely to belong to a fundamentalist religious denomination and

to attend religious services frequently, were more conservative politically, and were

less likely to have personal contact with gay people. (Herek and Gonzalez-Rivera

122)

This paper aims to determine what ADP students think of homosexuality.

From that result we can roughly see how homosexuality would be seen in Malaysia in

the future.

Research findings

Survey

Surveys were conducted to get objective data and quantitative data. All 13 questions

of the survey have been tabulated and presented in the pie chart below.
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Question 1 questions whether the participants agree with the definition:

homosexual is a person who is sexually attracted to and/or has sex with someone of

the same sex which is given in the survey. The results show that 100% or all of the

participants agree with the definition given.

Question 2 questions the participants’ opinion on how people became

homosexuals. Results show that 60.00% of participants think that homosexuality is

something that is genetically inherited or born with, 23.33% of the participants think

that it is something that develops through the way the person is raised and16.67% of

the participants thinks that homosexuality is a lifestyle preference.

Question 3 questions the participants on whether a homosexual person’s

sexual orientation can be changed. The results show that 83.33% of the participants

think that a homosexual person’s sexual orientation cannot be changed whereas

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16.67% of the participants think that a homosexual person’s sexual orientation can be

changed.

Question 4 questions the general opinion of the participants on homosexuals.

Results show that a majority of the participants (80.00%) think that homosexuals are

just like normal people but with a difference of a choice in their lifestyle. On the other

hand, only 20.00% of the participants think that homosexuals are not normal.

Question 5 questions the participants on their opinion on are homosexuals less

likely to have stable, long-term relationship compared to the norm. Results show that

half of the participants (50.00%) answered ‘Yes’ while the other half of the

participants (50.00%) answered ‘No’.

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Question 6 questions whether participants would allow homosexuality to be

legalized in Malaysia if given the power. Results show that a majority of the

participants (93.33%) would legalize homosexuality in Malaysia while a minority of

the participants (6.67%) would not legalize homosexuality in Malaysia.

Based on the question 6, participants have to state (in question 7) the reason

on why participants agree to legalize homosexuality in Malaysia. 62.96% of the

participants agree that homosexuals have rights to be with whomever they want

whereas 25.93% of the participants think as other countries had legalized

homosexuality, why not us?. A small number of the participants which is about

11.11% of them think that homosexuality is genetically inherited and not to be blame

on homosexuals.
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Based on the question 6, participants have to state (in question 8) the reason

on why participants disagree to legalize homosexuality in Malaysia. About 40.00% of

the participants disagree to legalize homosexuality in Malaysia as the participants

think that homosexuality is not natural or normal. 20.00% of the participants think

that homosexuality is morally wrong and is considered a sin while another 20.00% of

them think that homosexuality is a bad influence to children. About 10.00% of the

participants disagree to legalize homosexuality in Malaysia as it is against religious

beliefs. A minority of 10.00% of the participants think that homosexuality brings

embarrassment to the family and states homosexuality should not be legalized in

Malaysia. On the other hand, none of the participants agree that homosexuality will

lead towards other immoral behaviors or bring economic or legal problems.

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Question 9 questions the participants whether they can accept a homosexual

person as a friend. The results show that 86.67% of the participants are able to accept

a homosexual person as a friend while about 13.33% of them are unable to accept a

homosexual person as a friend.

Question 10 questions the participants on their sexuality. Results show that a

majority of 93.33% of the participants are not homosexual while 6.67% of them are

homosexuals.
 Research Paper 14

Question 11 questions the participants’ religion on accepting homosexuality.

Results show that 73.33% of the participants do not accept homosexuality in their

religion while 26.67% of the participants accept homosexuality in their religion.

Question 12 questions the participants’ opinions on legalizing homosexuality

in Malaysia. Results show that 86.67% of the participants think that Malaysia should

legalize homosexuality while 13.33% of them think that Malaysia should not legalize

homosexuality.
 Research Paper 15

Question 13 questions whether the participants think that legalizing

homosexuality would make the AIDS pandemic worse. The results show that while

80.00% of the participants do not think that legalizing homosexuality would make the

AIDS pandemic worse while 20.00% of the participants think that legalizing

homosexuality would make the AIDS pandemic worse.

Interview

Interviews were conducted to get a subjective stand point from our

respondents. The interview contains six questions and the answers of every question

have been totaled. Generally, the sample size is based on the gender ratio of the ADP

department which is 3:1.

Question 1 questions the participants’ opinion in legalizing homosexuality in

Malaysia. Some participants, who agreed to legalizing homosexuality in Malaysia,

give reasons like “I agree as it’s the freedom of someone to do what they want with

their body. If our constitution can support freedom of religion, why not this?” and “I

agree as something as private as one's sexual orientation should be the right of that

person.” As for those who disagree to legalizing homosexuality in Malaysia think that

homosexuality is against the official religion in Malaysia or homosexuality is wrong

and unnatural.
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Question 2 questions the participants on whether they have any homosexual

friends and if they do, the participants are asked to describe them. Some of

participants states that they do have many homosexual friends and they think that

their homosexual friends are really nice people while some of them states that their

homosexual friends are just like any other normal person. On the other hand, one of

the participants interviewed states that she/he do not know many homosexual people

but homosexual people are really ‘girly’.

Question 3 questions whether the participants’ family agrees in legalizing

homosexuality and if their family’s perception affected their thoughts. Certain

participants’ claims that the families do not agreed in legalizing homosexuality.

However, the participants stated that their families’ perception do not affected them as

the participants think that their families are quite old-fashion and do not understand

much on homosexuality. On the other hand, some participants claims that they have

liberal parents and therefore, they all agreed in legalizing homosexuality. They also

states that their perception are not affected by their family. In addition, some claim

that their parents are against it so they go against their parents’ opinions and agree to

legalizing homosexuality and also states that their religion does not allowed it. So,

they will not even think about doing things like that.

Question 4 asked about whether the participants’ religion agrees to

homosexual lifestyle and they are asked to state the reasons. Some of them answered

that their religion does not agree in homosexual lifestyle and they think people are

born with it but it is not a lifestyle. Some of them also states that their religion do not

accept it but they feel sorry for those struck out of society for something they were

born with. The others are freethinkers and they think that homosexual is consider just
 Research Paper 17

normal since it is a lifestyle. They even given examples like famous designers and

models that live in this lifestyle.

Question 5 asked about the participants’ opinion on things that might be

happened if homosexuality is being legalized in Malaysia. A part of them think that

although it will upset some people but eventually all of us will accept it. The other

part of them think that there will be a great opposition to this but it is not a big

problem; at least some people will be happy for it. Another part said that morality is

the key to operating any country and it will kill the status we already have if we

legalized homosexuality.

The last question asked participants’ opinion on the reason people choose to

become homosexual. Some of the participants think that homosexual are born with

and it is their innate quality. Some of them think people do not choose to be a

homosexual, and some do choose to be as well. Being born with it could be really

traumatizing, but some societies suppress these people. Besides, some of them think

that they choose to be homosexual is because of the friends they keep. They also state

that keeping with the "trend" is something to do to be popular.

Discussion

Generally, ADP students agreed in legalizing homosexuality in Malaysia.

Survey shows that 93.33% of the participants agree in legalizing homosexuality while

only 6.67% of them disagree. According to the results, 62.96% of those who agree in

legalizing homosexuality think that homosexual have their right to be with who they

want, 25.93% think that homosexual is genetically inherited, therefore it is not their

fault to become a homosexual and 11.11% think that since others country are
 Research Paper 18

legalizing homosexuality, we should follow too. Besides, interview also shows that

2/3 of them agreed in legalizing homosexuality. Most of them agrees on the topic of

human rights that states that everyone have their rights to be with whoever they want.

This is because nowadays media mass included many gay themes and characters or

about the human right. Therefore people have more understanding about

homosexuality and human rights. They are more open-minded too since they think

that our constitution can support freedom of religion and they should support this too.

Some of them think that homosexual is genetically inherited maybe caused by they

had read or heard from someone that said so which is not necessary correct. Besides,

some of them think that since others country is doing so, why not this one. Those who

chose this answer might be westernize and they tend to follow everything that

western countries do so.

For those who disagree, their reasons are homosexual are not natural/normal

(40%), they are morally wrong/a sin (20%), bad influence for children (20%), against

their religious beliefs (10%), and homosexual embarrass their family (10%). Those

who think homosexual is not normal/natural are because for them, a normal person

should attracted to the opposite sex. Their thoughts might be affected by their family

or their religious that says that homosexual are not natural/ normal. Therefore some of

them think that homosexual will embarrass their family. This can also explained why

some of them think that legalizing homosexuality will be a bad influence for children.

They worried if homosexuality is being legalized their children will think

homosexuality have nothing wrong and therefore the changes they become

homosexual is higher. Especially for the Chinese society, to get children (especially

son) is very important in traditional Chinese society. Then, some of the participants

think that homosexuality against their religious beliefs. The results shown that
 Research Paper 19

73.33% of them said that their religion do not accept homosexuality and 26.67%

accept. This might because some of them do not have religion or do not understand

their religion. After deeply understand Buddha, opposite sex relationship and same

sex relationship are both equally not acceptable in Buddha. The most important

thought in Buddha is purity in mind which mean one must not bounded by any form

of relationship. While Christian and Islam are both against homosexuality in their

religion homosexuality is considered as abnormal relationship.

Besides, results show that 86.67% of participants agreed legalizing

homosexuality would be good for Malaysia and 13.33% disagree. This is because this

will shows that Malaysia is a democratic country where the people can choose

according their will. Furthermore, it will promote the tourism in our country by

welcoming the homosexuals around the world to our country. This will increase the

foreign current exchange. On the other hand Malaysia is an Islamic country which do

not accept the thought of homosexuality, therefore 13.33% of the participants

disagree legalizing homosexuality would be good for Malaysia. While in the

interview, participants are asked about their opinion on things that might be happened

if homosexuality is being legalized in Malaysia. Some of them think that although it

will upset some people but eventually all of us will accept it. The other part of them

think that there will be a great opposition to this but it is not a big problem, at least

some people will be happy for it. Another part said that morality is the key to

operating any country and it will kill the status we already have if we legalized

homosexuality.
 Research Paper 20

In this research, 80% of the participants and some of the participants

involving in interview agreed homosexual is just like us; with differences in lifestyle

choice where else 20% think that homosexual is not normal. That is why 86.67% of

them accept a homosexual person as their friends and only 13.33% do not accept.

There are 6.67% of those who agreed that homosexual is not normal but still can still

homosexual person can be accepted as their friends. They accept homosexuals as

friends because they think homosexual would not affect them in anyway even though

they think they are abnormal. The other 13.33% who do not accept homosexuals as

their friends are assumed to be faithful to their respective religion that against

homosexuality, they cannot accept the thinking of homosexuals; therefore they cannot

accept homosexuals as friends. Furthermore, according to the interview, some of them

think that gay are too girly but some of them also claimed that their homosexual

friends are all nice person.

Other than that, the results show that 83.33% of the participants agreed

homosexual's orientation can not be changed and only 16.67% disagreed. Most of

them think that homosexual's orientation can not be changed is because they think

that homosexual is something that people are born with which in results, 60% of them

agreed it. While the others agreed that it can be changed is because they think

homosexual is something that develops caused by the way the person was brought up

( 23.33%) or it is a lifestyle preference (16.67%) which they think have higher chance

to change their sexual orientation. According to the interview, some of them think that

people choose to be homosexual is because of the friends they keep. They also said

that keeping with the "trend" is all something to be popular. Therefore, they think

homosexual's sexual orientation can be changed.

 Research Paper 21

Furthermore, 80% of participants agreed that legalizing homosexuality would

not make the AIDS pandemic worse and 20% disagree. According to the open-ended

question in question 13, most of them agreed because they think that AIDS is caused

by lack of education, or a lack thereof of society's conduct in high risk activities.

They also think that there will be no problem by having protected sex and AIDS

happens to both heterosexuals and homosexuals, not just homosexual is making the

AIDS pandemic worse. This shows that most of them have more understanding about

AIDS. They may have received this kind of information in school or by media mass.

But still, some of them think that it is not a big risk or AIDS would not get worse

since it is already so bad. This shows that some of them are not being aware to the

dangerous of AIDS. The other 20% of participants that disagreed answered that they

think so are because in their opinion, same sex unions would cause health problems

and homosexuals are known for unsafe sex. They even state that anal sex brings more

pathogens into transmission therefore it is unhealthy. This might have receive this

kind of information from their parents, religion or articles that was written by those

who anti homosexuality.

 Research Paper 22

Conclusion

Summary

This research states that the perception of American Degree Program (ADP)

students of Help College University in the legalizing of homosexuality in Malaysia.

This research assumed that the outcome of this research project would support the

legalization of homosexuality which is proven true through the results of this

research. According to the results of this research, 93.33% of the participants agree in

legalizing homosexuality while only 6.67% of them disagree in legalizing

homosexuality. Many students agree on legalizing homosexuality partly because

homosexuality is thought as genetically inherited through the family, human rights,

and following other country’s decision on this decision. However, partly a few

students have disagree on legalizing homosexuality due to homosexual being

abnormal, morally wrong, bad influence towards the children, against religious

beliefs and brings embarrassment towards the family. It is proven that most students

accept homosexual people as their friends partly because have no affect on their

current lifestyle and does not bother them.

Karl Maria Kertbeny, a German-Hungarian journalist states that the state had

no right to penalize or even to control private consensual homosexual behavior, and

that ‘homosexuals’ ought not to be objects of derision and stigma. (qtd. in Ball 3). As

homosexuality is being acknowledged in many western countries such as in Canada

and Europe, it is proven that most westerners do not think that homosexuality is

morally wrong and do not consider it a sin, it is proven that many people are slowly

accepting homosexuality into their lives.

 Research Paper 23

Recommendations from Parents and Students

One of the recommendation from parents and students is they suggested

survey can be translated to the others languages too so that they can answer it in their

mother language and more understand to the questions. Besides, some of them do not

like open-ended questions. They are quite busy and do not have much time to think

for the open-ended questions. Furthermore, they feel impatient and lazy in writing out

the answer. On the other hand, they felt quite hard to answer some of the questions

that only have ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ as the answer. For example question 3 that asked

whether they think homosexual’s sexual orientation can be changed. Some of them

claimed that they do not know how to answer it since they have not much

understanding about homosexual. Another recommendation from parents and students

is some of the questions are quite sensitive and may offend the others. For example

question 10 that asked whether the participants are homosexual.

Next, some of them advices more question to be asked so that more

information can be gained. But generally, they felt quite good in answering this

survey and interview. This is because the results will be informed to them if they wish

to know by writing their e-mail on the survey and interview papers. Besides, the

survey and interview did not take much of their time.

 Research Paper 24

Recommendations for Future Study

One of the recommendation for future study is they can do research that

investigate the perception of homosexual in legalizing homosexuality or perception of

parents in legalizing homosexuality. Therefore this topic can be seen from difference

perception and gain more information to decrease the error and bias. Further research

can also investigate the perception of different gender in legalizing homosexuality.

Besides, the future research can also do some research based on gay marriage. This is

because even some of them agreed in legalizing homosexual, it doesn’t they can

accept gay marriage. This is an interesting topic too. Another suggestion given is the

survey or interview questions should be translated to different languages so that

participants are more understand towards the questions because of using their mother

language. Furthermore, researchers advise not to set too many questions to avoid

participants to feeling impatient when answering the questions given as will increase

the error and bias of the participants in answering the questions.

 Research Paper 25

Works Cited

Ball, Carlos A. The Morality of Gay Rights. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Herek, Gregory M. and Gonzalez-Rivera, Milagritos. “Attitudes Toward

Homosexuality Among U.S Residents of Mexican Descent.” The Journal of

Sex Research 43.2 (2006). 29 June 2006

<http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1046117551&sid=2&Fmt=4&clientId

=63584&RQT=309&VName=PQD>

“Homosexuality.” (2002) 3 July 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality>

“Homosexuality and Islam: Homosexuality in modern Muslim countries' laws.”

(2005) 3 July 2006 <

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_views_of_homosexuality>

Steffens, Melanie C. and Wagner, Christof. “Attitudes Towards Lesbian, Gay Men,

Bisexual Women, and Bisexual Men in Germany.” The Journal of Sex

Research 41.2 (2004): 137.