Homework #3

Fernanda Madrona
ENCE 740 Computational Geomechanics
Chapter 5 - Problem 6
One-dimensional quadratic natural shape functions:
2 x

( x)
Si
Sj

1
2
1
2

1
1
l

1 2 x
2 x
Sj( x)
1 1
1
2 l
l

2 x
2 x
Sk( x) 1
1 1
1
l
l

( 1 )

Si( x)

(1 )

Sk (1 )(1 )

1
2

2 x

1 1

2 x

Shape function equals to 1 at its note and zero at the other nodes:
At Xi, x=0
Si(0) 1 Sj(0) 0
At Xj, x=l
Si(l) 0
At Xk, x=l/2
l
Si 0
2

Sk(0) 0

Sj(l) 1

Sk(l) 0

Sj

Sk

0
2

1
2

Sum of the shape functions equal to 1:

Si Sj Sk

1
2

1 2 1
1 2
2
1 1
2
2
2

Chapter 5 - Problem 9
Spatial derivatives of the quadratic shape functions:
2 x
2 x
l
d
d 1 2 x
Si
1 1
1

l
dx
dx 2 l
l

d 1 2 x
d
Sj
1 1

dx
dx 2 l

2 x
d
d
Sk 1
1 1
l
dx
dx

3 l 4 x
l

2 x 1 l 2 2 x

l
2
l

2 x

2 x 1 l

l
l

l 4 x
l

4 x
l

4 ( l 2 x)
l

Spatial derivatives of the cubic shape functions:

d
Si
dx

6 x 2 6 x 4
11 l2 36
l x 27 x2
2x
2 x
2 x
l
d 1

1 1 3
1 1
1 1 3
8 l3
dx 16
l
l
l

2 l

6 x

8 l
l

6 x
6
8
l

1
d
Sj d 1
dx
dx 16

2x

9
d
Sk d 1
dx
dx 16

2x

9
d
Sm d 1
dx
dx 16

2x

x x
6 x
6 x
l26x 9 l2 x 627
4
3 x
2
3 x
4

2
2

x
2

x
l
l
l
l

1 3
1 1 3
1 1

3 l
8
2
2
l
l

l
4 l
4 l
2 x
6 x
2 x
6 x
9 2 2
42
27 x
2
9 x
4
9

10

x
2

x
2

x
l
l
l
l

1
1 1 3
1 1
8 l3
2
2
l
l

2 l
4 l
4 l

1 3
1 1
1 1
l
l
l

2 x

2 x

Chapter 5 - Problem 12

0
0.003275

d 0.022275
0.034400

0.046875
a)

X1 0
X2 1
X3 3
X4 4
X5 5

Shape functions for element 2:

S2( X)

X3 X

S3( X)

X3 X2

S2(2) 0.5

S3(2) 0.5

Displacement at X=2:
D 0.50.003275

0.50.022275

D 0.012775

b) Exact solution:
q 100

EI 2 10

X X2
X3 X2

q L

6 EI
3

1.042 10

L 5

2 x
6 x

9 2 2
2 2
9l l 8 lx 9l x

83 l
2 l

27 x

2 x
l

4 l

9 x

6 x
4 l

l
2

Chapter 5 - Problem 14
Temperature function for 4<x<8 :
2

(4) A 4 B C

56

(6) A 6 B C

44

(8) A 8 B C

36

0.5
Find( A BC) 11

92
2

T(x) 0.5x
11 x 92
The temperature in x=7 cm is T(7) which is:
T(7) 39.5 Graus Celsius

Chapter 5 - Problem 16
Considering a temperature that varies along the bar as a function of , or T( ). In node i, =0, so
T( )=T(0)=Ti. In node j, =l, so, T( )=T(l)=Tj. If the temperature varies linearly within the element:
T( ) C C
1

T( 0) C 0 C

Ti

C Ti

T( l) C l Ti

Tj

Tj Ti

Substituting:
T( )

Tj Ti
l

Rearranging the terms:

T( ) 1

Si 1
Sj

Tj

Ti

Ti l l Ti

Ti Tj

l
l

Chapter 5 - Problem 23
Exact solution:

3x4 x2 7x 10 dx 59230
3

a 2

59230
3

19743.333

b 8

x() 3 5
4

f () 3 (3 5 ) (3 5 ) 7 (3 5 ) 10
2 Point Gauss-Legrenge:

3 Point Gauss-Legrenge:

1 0.577350269

w1 1

11 0.774596669

w11 0.55555556

2 0.577350269

w2 1

22 0

w22 0.88888889

33 0.774596669

w33 0.55555556

f (1 ) 9.221
3

f (2 ) 3.606 10

f (11) 18.615

I w15f (1 ) w25f (2 )

f (22) 241

I 18076.667

f ( 33) 6.703 10

II w115f (11) w22 5f (22) w335f (33)

II 19743.333

Chapter 5 - Problem 24
4

f (x) 3 x x 7x 10
y0 f (2) 76

y3 f ( 1) 7

y6 f (4) 766

y9 f (7) 7213

y1 f (1) 21

y4 f (2) 48

y7 f (5) 1875

y10 f (8) 12306

y2 f (0) 10

y5 f (3) 241

y8 f (6) 3892

1
12306
Itrapezoidal 1 76 21 10 7 48 241 766 1875 3892 7213

2
2

Itrapezoidal 20264

Results comparison
2 Point Gauss-Legrenge

3 Point Gauss-Legrenge

Trapezoidal Method

Exact solution

I 18076.667

II 19743.333

Itrapezoidal 20264

Iexact 19743.333