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Centre Paper Reference

No.

Signature
Candidate
No. 6 1 0 2 0 1
Paper Reference(s)

6102/01 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology
Advanced Subsidiary Question Leave
Number Blank

Unit Test 2B 1

Monday 10 January 2005 – Morning 2

3
Time: 1 hour
4

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers 5

Ruler Nil
6
7
8

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature.
The paper reference is shown above.
Check that you have the booklet for the correct unit.
Answer ALL EIGHT questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 60.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
This publication may only be reproduced in accordance with
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. The diagram below shows some blood cells that may be seen in a stained blood film when
observed under a microscope.

B C

10 µm

In the table below, name the cells A, B and C and give one function of each cell.

Blood cell Name of cell One function

C
Q1

(Total 6 marks)

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2. The diagram below shows the sequence of stages in meiosis.

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

Anaphase II

Telophase II

(a) Describe what is happening to the chromosomes during the following stages.

(i) Prophase I

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(ii) Metaphase I

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Anaphase II

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Meiosis in humans results in the production of gametes. Name the type of cell
produced by each of the following stages.

(i) Meiosis I in oogenesis.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Meiosis I in spermatogenesis.

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q2

(Total 8 marks)

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3. The diagram below shows the structure of the heart and some associated blood vessels.

Left ventricle

(a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C.

A ....................................................................................................................................

B ....................................................................................................................................

C ....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Describe how the structure of the left ventricle and the parts labelled B and C enable
the left ventricle to carry out its function.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(4)

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(c) Many organs such as the uterus, heart and kidneys of a pregnant woman use more
oxygen than when she is not pregnant. The graph below shows the increased usage
of oxygen by these organs near the end of pregnancy, as compared with the oxygen
used before pregnancy.

8–

7–

6–
Increase in
oxygen used 5 –
/ cm3 min 1
4–

3–

2–

1–

0–
Uterus Heart Kidneys

Suggest why the use of oxygen by each of the following organs increases during
pregnancy.

(i) Uterus

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(ii) Heart

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(4) Q3

(Total 10 marks)

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4. The diagram below shows part of the duodenum and an associated gland from the human
digestive system. Part of the wall of the duodenum has been removed to show the internal
structure.

From
stomach

(a) Name the gland labelled A.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Gland A produces a secretion with a pH of about 7.5. The secretion contains a
number of different enzymes, including amylase.

(i) Describe the action of amylase in the digestion of carbohydrates.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Suggest why it is important that the secretion has a pH of about 7.5.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(c) Describe how the structure of the ileum is adapted for the absorption of the products
of digestion.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(5) Q4

(Total 9 marks)

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5. The rate of diffusion of gases across an exchange surface is greater if the surface is thin
and a concentration gradient is maintained across it.

Describe how each of these factors is involved in respiratory gas exchange in the
following.

Alveoli in human lungs

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Protozoa

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. Q5

(Total 5 marks)

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6. The photograph below shows a transverse section through part of a leaf of Nymphaea, as
seen using a light microscope. Nymphaea is a hydrophyte (a plant which lives in water).
The upper epidermis and air spaces are labelled.

Upper epidermis

Air spaces

0.01 mm

(a) Suggest one function of the tissue labelled A, giving an explanation for your answer.

Function ........................................................................................................................

Explanation ...................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) Suggest two functions of the large air spaces in this leaf.

1 ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Suggest why stomata are found only in the upper epidermis of this leaf.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q6

(Total 7 marks)

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7. An investigation was carried out into the effect of potassium ions (K+) on the opening of
stomata. Pieces of the lower epidermis were carefully removed from broad bean (Vicia
faba) leaves. These epidermal strips were floated on a solution of potassium chloride
(KCl) in a small dish. Similar strips were floated on distilled water in another dish as a
control. The dishes were illuminated from above by a light bulb.

The widths of the stomatal pores were measured using a microscope fitted with an
eyepiece graticule. The widths of the pores were determined at the start of the
experiment, then at hourly intervals for five hours. The results are shown in the table
below. Each result is the mean of 20 measurements.

Mean width of stomatal pore/µm

Time / h In potassium chloride
solution In distilled water
0 (start) 1.0 0.0
1 3.0 0.0
2 5.5 0.0
3 8.6 0.0
4 8.4 0.0
5 8.6 0.0

(a) Describe the changes in the mean width of the stomatal pores during this
investigation.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(b) Suggest an explanation for these results.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q7

(Total 6 marks)

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8. The graph below shows oxygen dissociation curves for haemoglobin at two different
partial pressures of carbon dioxide.

100 –

90 –

80 –
Low partial pressure
of carbon dioxide
70 –
Percentage 60 – High partial pressure
saturation of carbon dioxide
of haemoglobin
with oxygen 50 –

40 –

30 –

20 –

10 –

0–
–

–
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Partial pressure of oxygen / kPa

(a) (i) From the graph, determine the percentage saturation of haemoglobin with
oxygen at a partial pressure of oxygen of 4.2 kPa, at low and at high partial
pressures of carbon dioxide.

Low partial pressure of carbon dioxide .................................................................

High partial pressure of carbon dioxide ................................................................

(1)

(ii) High partial pressures of carbon dioxide are found in active tissues such as
muscle. Suggest why the difference between the percentage saturation of
haemoglobin at low and at high partial pressures of carbon dioxide is important
for the functioning of such tissues.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(b) Describe how the carbon dioxide produced in tissues is transported in the blood to the
lungs.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(5) Q8

(Total 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

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