Chapter 3: Fluid Kinematics Derivation of discharge equation for Venturimeter 1.

Venturimeter

2 Throat

Inlet

Outlet

z1

z2

Datum

Bernoullis equation:

P1/g + v12/2g + z1 = P2/g + v22/2g +z2

(v22 v12)/2g = (P1 P2)/g .(i) Continuity equation: Q = A1v1 = A2v2 v2 = A1/A2 (v1) ..(ii) insert into (i)

(z1 = z2 in horizontal)

Actual discharge, QA = cdQT Where: cd = coefficient of discharge cd = cv x cc SAB1513SEC3 Mrs.NuryazmeenFarhanbt.Haron

cv = coefficient of velocity cc = coefficient of contraction

Where:

2. Venturimeter and manometer U-tube

Flow

h1

h m

m >

Manometer equation: P1 + gh1 = P2 + g(h1 - h) + mgh P1 P2 = mgh gh (P1 P2)/g = h (m/ - 1) = h |m/ - 1|

Then;

SAB1513SEC3 Mrs.NuryazmeenFarhanbt.Haron

3. Venturimeter and manometer inverted U-tube

m h1 Flow 1 2 m < Manometer equation: P1 - gh1 = P2 - g(h1 - h) - mgh P1 P2 = gh - mgh (P1 P2)/g = h (1 - m/) = h |1 - m/ | h

Then;

4. Titled venturimeter

2 1

Flow z1 z

z2

m Datum

SAB1513SEC3 Mrs.NuryazmeenFarhanbt.Haron

Bernoullis equation: P1/g + v12/2g + z1 = P2/g + v22/2g +z2 (v22 v12)/2g = (P1 P2)/g + z1 z2 .(i)

Continuity equation: Q = A1v1 = A2v2 v2 = A1/A2 (v1) ..(ii) insert into (i)

Where:

H from manometer U-tube: P1 + g(z1 z) = P2 + g(z2 - z - h) + mgh (P1 P2)/g + z1 z2 = h (m/ - 1) = h |m/ - 1| H = h |m/ - 1| SAB1513SEC3 Mrs.NuryazmeenFarhanbt.Haron

SAB1513SEC3 Mrs.NuryazmeenFarhanbt.Haron