AVIATION HISTORY & CURRENT SCENARIO

Pres ented By Amir Ali C hief Engineer (Maintenan ce O peratio ns C entre) 8th Sep 2009 Prepared By
M. Amir Malik Aerospace Engineer

Sequence of Presentation
Aviation History Evolution of Aircraft Introduction to Aviation Regulation Current Aviation Industry Scenario Major Aircraft Manufacturers Major Airlines Current Aviation Statistics Problems faced by Airlines Solutions

"Man will not be able to fly for at least another 50 years"

--Wright Brothers, c. 1900

Three years later, they proved themselves wrong...

Wright flyer of 1903

First powered airplane to demonstrate sustained flight under the full control of the pilot. Designed and built by Wilbur and Orville Wright in Dayton, Ohio, it was assembled in the autumn of 1903 at a camp at the base of the Kill Devil Hills, near Kitty Hawk, a village on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

December 17, 1903

Wright flyer of 1903

After a first attempt failed on December 14, the machine was flown four times on December 17, to distances of 120, 175, 200, and 852 feet (36.6, 53.3, 61, and 260 m), respectively.

Aviation History
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Evolution of Commercial Aircraft

Aircraft in the Making

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Aviation Regulations
Introduction

ICAO
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, was created with the signing in Chicago, on 7 December 1944, of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. ICAO is the permanent body charged with the administration of the principles laid out in the Convention.

ICAO Functions
The aims and objectives of ICAO, are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to:
ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes; encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities; meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport; prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition; ensure that the rights of Contracting States are fully respected and that every Contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines; promote safety of flight in international air navigation; promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.

Civil Aviation Authorities

The Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) states that signatories should collectively work to harmonize and standardize the use of airspace for safety, efficiency and regularity of air transport. All the States signatory to the Chicago Convention, now 188, are obliged to implement the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of the Convention.

Civil Aviation Authorities

Each signatory country has a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (such as the FAA in the United States) to oversee the following areas of civil aviation: Personnel Licensing regulating the basic training and issuance of licenses and certificates. Flight Operations carrying out safety oversight of commercial operators. Airworthiness issuing certificates of registration and certificates of airworthiness to

CAA Pakistan
The Civil Aviation Authority was created in December 1982 to handle all matters related to Civil Aviation in Pakistan. The CAA not only serves as a regulatory body on behalf of the Government of Pakistan, its functions include provision of services such as facilitation, air space management, Air Traffic Control and Fire Fighting Services. The Authority is also responsible for the planning, development and maintenance of all civil aviation infrastructure in the country.

IATA
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an international industry trade group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. IATA's mission is to represent, lead and serve the airline industry. IATA represents some 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled international air traffic.

IATA Functions
to act as a price setting body for international airfare IATA assigns 3-letter IATA Airport Codes and 2letter IATA airline designators, which are commonly used worldwide. IATA is pivotal in the worldwide accreditation of travel agents. IATA regulates the shipping of dangerous goods. IATA maintains the Timatic database containing cross border passenger documentation requirements.

Current Aviation Scenario

Major Aircraft Manufacturers (Commercial)

Airbus European Joint venture, France Boeing USA Bombardier USA Embraer Brazil ATR Italy - France Aviacor - Russia

Major Aircraft Manufacturers

In 1960s, the Three US Commercial Aircraft Manufacturers had over 90% Market Share, Today Airbus has over 50% Market Share

Boeing vs Airbus
Airbus vs Boeing annual orders: 2001 to 2008

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AIRLINE OF THE YEAR 2009 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Airline

Cathay Pacific Airways Singapore Airlines Asiana Airlines Qatar Airways Emirates Qantas Etihad Airways Air New Zealand Malaysia Airlines Thai Airways

2008
2 1 5 7 9 3 10 8 6 4

Worlds Top Business Classes

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Top Airlines by Net Profit in 2008

Rank 2008 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Airline Lufthansa Qantas Turkish Airlines Singapore Airlines LAN Airlines Country Germany Australia Turkey Singapore Net Profit ($Million) 880 876 868 737 405 336 232 178

Emirates Airline UAE Chile Aeroflot Russian Russia Airlines Southwest Airlines USA

Air New Zealand New Zealand168 Source: Airline Business Aug 2009

Top Airlines Groups by Revenue 2008

Rank Airline 2008 1 Lufthansa 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Air France - KLM AMR Corp Delta Airlines FedEx United Airlines Japan Airlines Country Germany France USA USA USA USA Japan Net Revenue ($Million) 36,533 33,739 23,766 22,697 22,364 20,194 19,453 15,241 15,013 14,621

Continental Airlines USA British Airways Qantas UK Australia

Source: Airline Business Aug 2009

Problems Faced by Airlines

Fuel Prices Global Economic Recession Increased security requirements Environmental Issues Airport Capacity Low-Cost Carriers saturating the market Cockpit Crew Shortage

Fuel Prices Trend

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Financial Forecast

Financial Forecast shows a global industry loss of US$ 9 Billion.

Advancements in Commercial Aviation

E- Ticketing Self Check-in Kiosks Fuel Efficient Aircraft Engines Lesser Carbon Emissions Low-cost carriers Light Weight Aircrafts increasing payload capacity Technological breakthrough Nav/ Comm Aids In-Flight Services (IFE, Telecom, Internet)

Thank You