2023 25

‫‪.1‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ملخص حول محور النهايات‬
 ‫◄ تعيين النهايات عند أطرف مجموعة التعريف‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫◄‬
‫‪‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)𝑎(𝑓 = )𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫𝑥 ‪𝑥 ⟼ sin‬‬

‫◄ مبرهنات أولية حوال النهايات‪:‬‬

‫∞‪𝐿′ 𝐿 −‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫𝑎‬ ‫𝑓 𝑔‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪𝐿′‬‬ ‫∞‪+∞ −∞ +‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫𝐿 ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝐿 +‬‬ ‫‪′‬‬
‫∞‪+∞ −∞ +‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫∞‪𝐿 > 0 𝐿 > 0 𝐿 < 0 𝐿 < 0 +∞ +∞ −‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪𝐿′‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+∞ −∞ −‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚[𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝐿 × 𝐿′‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+∞ −∞ +‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫𝐿‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪𝐿′ ≠ 0 +∞ 𝐿′ > 0 𝐿′ < 0 𝐿′ > 0 𝐿′ < 0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫𝑎→𝑥‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫𝐿‬
‫[ 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔 𝑎→𝑥‬ ‫‪𝐿′‬‬
‫◄ حاالت عدم التعيــين‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪− +  4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫◄ طرق إزالة حاالت عدم التعيــين‪:‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫◄‬ ‫◄‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫= )‪− 2𝑥 + 3‬‬ ‫) ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 3‬‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬ ‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥 2‬‬ ‫= )‪+ 𝑥 + 3‬‬ ‫) ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥 2‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ◄
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ((𝑥 2 − 1)√−𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ((𝑥 2 )√−𝑥 3 ) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞

∞ ∞ 
◄
2 2
3𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 10 3𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 3
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥

-2
 f ( x) 
𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑔(𝑥0 ) = 0 lim  
 g ( x) 
x→a

(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )𝑄(𝑥) 𝑔 𝑓

◄
4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7 (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7) 4𝑥 + 7 11
lim ( 2 ) = lim ( ) = lim ( )=
𝑥→1 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 4

◄
3 2
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4) 2
𝑥 +8 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4
lim ( 2
) = lim ( ) = lim ( ) = −3
𝑥→−2 𝑥 −4 𝑥→−2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥→−2 𝑥−2

𝑄(𝑥)

1
◄
(𝑥 − 1)𝑄(𝑥) 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑄(𝑥)
(𝑥 − 1)𝑄(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + (𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑥 − 𝑏
𝑎=4
𝑎=4
4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7 = (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7) { {𝑏 − 𝑎 = 3
𝑏=7
−𝑏 = −4
2
◄
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )𝑄(𝑥) 3
𝑥 +8
3
𝑥 +8 −2
3
𝑥 +8 𝑥+2
3 2 2
−𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4
−2𝑥 2 + 8
+2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
+4𝑥 + 8
−4𝑥 − 8
0
3 2
𝑥 + 8 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4)

4
 3
◄

𝑥0 = 1 4 𝑥2 + ⏟
𝑝(𝑥) = ⏟ ⏟ = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)
3 𝑥 −7
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝛽 𝛼
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

4 3 −7 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑥0 = 1 0 4 7 𝑥0
4 7 0 𝑄(𝑥)
𝛼 𝛽

𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7)

𝑥0 = 2 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛾)
𝛾 𝛽 𝛼

1 −1 −4 4
𝑝(𝑥)
𝑥0 = 2 0 2 2 −4
𝑥0
1 1 −2 0
𝑄(𝑥)
𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)

-3
◄
√𝑥 − 1 − 1 (√𝑥 − 1 − 1)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1) 𝑥−2
lim ( ) = lim ( ) = lim ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 (𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1) 𝑥→2 (𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1)

1 1
= lim ( )=
𝑥→2 √𝑥 − 1 + 1 2

◄
√5 − 𝑥 − 2 (√5 − 𝑥 − 2)(√5 − 𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3)
lim ( ) = lim ( )
𝑥→1 √𝑥 + 8 − 3 𝑥→1 (√𝑥 + 8 − 3)(√5 − 𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3)

(1 − 𝑥)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3) √𝑥 + 8 + 3 3
= lim ( ) = lim (− )= −
𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3) 𝑥→1 √5 − 𝑥 + 2 2

∞ 𝑥
𝑥

5
 ◄

√𝑥 2 = |𝑥| √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
𝑓
4𝑥 4𝑥 − 3
√4𝑥 2 = 2|𝑥| √4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑔
−𝑥 −𝑥 + 2

◄
(𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
lim (𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = lim ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ (𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)

𝑥+3
= lim
𝑥→+∞ 1 2
|𝑥|√(1 +
(𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ))
3
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)
= lim
𝑥→+∞ 1 1 2
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 + √(1 + 𝑥 − 2 ))
( 𝑥 )
3
1+𝑥 1
= lim =
𝑥→+∞ 1 √ 1 2 2
( 1 + + (1 + − 2 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 )

◄
1 2
lim (2𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = lim (2𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 (1 + − ))
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2

1 2
= lim (2𝑥 + 1 + |𝑥|√1 + − )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2

1 2
= lim (2𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥√1 + − )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2

1 1 2
= lim 𝑥 2 + − √1 + − 2 = −∞
⏟ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→−∞

→1
( ( ))

-4
 f ( x ) − f ( ) 
lim  
x →a
 x − 
 f ( x ) − f ( ) 
lim   = f ' ( ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )
x →a
 x − 

6
 ◄
√𝑥 − 1 − 1
lim ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

1
𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1 ; 𝑓(2) = 1 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
2√𝑥 − 1

√𝑥 − 1 − 1 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(2) 1
lim ( ) = lim ( ) = 𝑓 ′ (2) =
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2 2

◄
sin(𝑥)
lim ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = sin(𝑥) ; 𝑓(0) = 0 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = cos(𝑥)

sin(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(0)

lim ( ) = lim ( ) = 𝑓 ′ (0) = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥−0

:)‫◄ السلوك التقاربي (المستقيمات المقاربة‬

(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦=𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 ; (𝑎 ∈ ℝ)

𝑥→∞

(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥=𝑏 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞ ; (𝑏 ∈ ℝ)

𝑥→𝑏

∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)] = 0 ; (𝛼 ∈ ℝ∗ )

𝑥→∞
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽) + 𝑔(𝑥)
∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 { 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ; (𝛼 ∈ ℝ∗ )
𝑥→∞

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞
𝑥→∞
𝑓(𝑥)
∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 𝛼 ; (𝛼 ∈ ℝ∗ )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
{ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝛼𝑥] = 𝛽
𝑥→∞

7
 ‫◄‬
‫‪x + 2x + 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫= )‪f ( x‬‬ ‫𝑓‬
‫‪1 − x2‬‬
‫}‪𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − {−1; 1‬‬
‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = −1‬‬
‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬ ‫𝑥‪|𝑥|→+∞ −‬‬

‫‪𝑦 = −1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫𝑥‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 −1‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪0−‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫∞‪𝑓(𝑥) = + = +‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪𝑥 = −1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥 →1‬‬ ‫‪0+‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫=‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥 →1‬‬ ‫‪0−‬‬
‫‪𝑥=1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫◄ الوضع النسبي بين منحنى ومستقيم‪:‬‬

‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) > 0‬‬

‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) < 0‬‬

‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫‪.2‬‬
‫أسئلة متنوعة في دراسة الدوال واإلجابة عنها‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫السلوك التقاربي | المستقيمات المقاربة | الوضعية النسبية‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑎=𝑥‬ ‫∞‪𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = ±‬‬
‫𝒂→𝒙‬

‫𝑏=𝑦‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝒃 = )𝒙(𝒇 𝐦𝐢𝐥‬
‫∞‪𝒙→±‬‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫𝑏 ‪𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +‬‬ ‫𝟎 = ])𝒃 ‪𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝒇(𝒙) − (𝒂𝒙 +‬‬
‫∞‪𝒙→±‬‬

‫𝒃 ‪𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 +‬‬
‫‪lim [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] = 0‬‬
‫∞→𝑥‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬

‫)𝑥(𝑔 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬

‫‪lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬
‫𝑏 ‪𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +‬‬
‫♦‬
‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑎 = lim‬‬ ‫♦‬
‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→±‬‬
‫]𝑥𝑎 ‪𝑏 = lim [𝑓(𝑥) −‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬
‫𝑏 ‪𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +‬‬

‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶(‬

‫𝟎 = ])𝒙(𝒈 ‪𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝒇(𝒙) −‬‬
‫∞‪𝒙→±‬‬

‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫𝑦 ‪𝑑(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) −‬‬
‫𝒃 ‪(∆): 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 +‬‬ ‫)∆(‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫‪(𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) > 0‬‬
‫♦‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫‪(𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫) 𝒇𝑪( ) 𝒈𝑪(‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫‪(𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) < 0‬‬
‫)𝒙(𝒈 ‪𝒅(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) −‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫عناصر تناظر منحنى | شفعية دالة‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(2𝛼 −‬‬

‫{‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬ ‫)𝜷 ;𝜶(𝛀‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬
‫)𝛽 ;𝛼(‪Ω‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜷𝟐 = )𝒙 ‪𝒇(𝜶 + 𝒙) + 𝒇(𝜶 −‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(2𝛼 −‬‬
‫{‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬ ‫𝜶=𝒙‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 = )𝑥 ‪𝑓(2𝛼 −‬‬

‫=𝑥‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫)𝒙 ‪𝒇(𝜶 + 𝒙) = 𝒇(𝜶 −‬‬

‫𝛼‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥‪(−‬‬
‫{‬ ‫𝒇‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‪𝑓(−𝑥) = −‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥‪(−‬‬
‫{‬ ‫𝒇‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 = )𝑥‪𝑓(−‬‬
‫𝟎 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(−𝒙) −‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝑓‬
‫)𝒙(𝒇 = )𝒙‪𝒇(−‬‬

‫𝟎 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(−𝒙) +‬‬

‫)‪𝑂(0; 0‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫)𝒙(𝒇‪𝒇(−𝒙) = −‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜷𝟐 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(𝟐𝜶 − 𝒙) +‬‬

‫)𝛽 ;𝛼(‪Ω‬‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜷 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(𝜶 − 𝒙) +‬‬

‫𝛽 𝛼‬
‫) ; (‪Ω‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝟎 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(𝟐𝜶 − 𝒙) −‬‬
‫𝛼=𝑥‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝟎 = )𝒙(𝒇 ‪𝒇(𝜶 − 𝒙) −‬‬

‫𝛼‬
‫=𝑥‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫𝑓‬ ‫)𝒙(𝒇 = )𝒂 ‪𝒇(𝒙 +‬‬

‫𝑎‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫المماســـــــات‬

‫)𝒃 ;𝒂(𝝎‬
‫)𝒂(𝒇 ‪𝒚 = 𝒇′ (𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒂) +‬‬

‫)𝑎(𝑓 ‪𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑎) +‬‬

‫𝒂‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫)𝑎(𝑓 )𝑎( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬

‫𝑏 = )𝑎(𝑓‬ ‫𝑎‬
‫𝒃‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫𝑎‬
‫𝐵𝑦 ‪𝑦𝐴 −‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)𝒂( ‪𝒇′‬‬
‫𝐵𝑥 ‪𝑥𝐴 −‬‬
‫= ) 𝟎𝒙( ‪𝒇′‬‬ ‫♦‬
‫𝐴 𝐵‬

‫𝛼 = )𝑎( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫𝑎‬

‫𝜶‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬

‫𝛼 = )𝑎( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫𝑎‬

‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫𝜷 ‪𝒚 = 𝜶𝒙 +‬‬

‫𝑎‬
‫𝛼()𝑎( ‪′‬‬ ‫)𝜷 ;𝜶(𝑨‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫𝑓=𝛽‬ ‫)𝑎(𝑓 ‪− 𝑎) +‬‬

‫𝑎‬
‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫)𝑎( ‪′‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫𝜷 ‪𝒚 = 𝜶𝒙 +‬‬
‫𝛼‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫إيجاد عبارة ) 𝑥(𝑓 بثوابت مجهولة ) … ‪(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐,‬‬

‫) … ‪(𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄,‬‬

‫) … ‪(𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄,‬‬

‫) 𝟎𝒚 ; 𝟎𝒙(𝑨‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑦0‬‬
‫‪{ ′ 0‬‬ ‫) 𝟎𝒚 ; 𝟎𝒙(𝑨‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫‪𝑓 (𝑥0 ) = 0‬‬
‫𝟎𝒙‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬
‫𝑘 ‪𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑚𝑥0 +‬‬
‫{‬
‫𝑚 = ) ‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥0‬‬ ‫𝒌 ‪𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 +‬‬

‫𝐴𝑦 = ) 𝐴𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫) 𝑨𝒚 ; 𝑨𝒙(𝑨‬ ‫) 𝒇𝑪(‬

‫𝐵𝑦 ‪{ ′ (𝑥 ) 𝑦𝐴 −‬‬ ‫) 𝑩𝒚 ; 𝑩𝒙(𝑩‬
‫= ‪𝑓 0‬‬
‫𝐵𝑥 ‪𝑥𝐴 −‬‬

‫رسم منحنى ) 𝑔𝐶( إنطالقا من المنحنى ) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫𝑎‪−‬‬
‫) ( ⃗𝑣‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫𝒃 ‪𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒂) +‬‬
‫𝑏‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫)𝒙(𝒇‪𝒈(𝒙) = −‬‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫)𝒙‪𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒇(−‬‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫)𝒙‪𝒈(𝒙) = −𝒇(−‬‬

‫𝑔‬
‫‪𝑥≥0‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫)|𝒙|(𝒇 = )𝒙(𝒈‬
‫‪𝑥≤0‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫|)𝒙(𝒇| = )𝒙(𝒈‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫‪.3‬‬
‫التمارين‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪01‬‬

‫𝑓‬
‫𝑛‪1+2+3+⋯+‬‬ ‫)‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) B‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫∞‪𝑛→+‬‬ ‫𝑛‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) D‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫>‬
‫‪𝑥 →2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬

‫‪𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 + 1‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) F‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥 + 1)2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→1 −𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4‬‬
‫<‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪02‬‬

‫𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥−5‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫>‬
‫(‬ ‫‪) B‬‬ ‫)𝑥 ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 +‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫‪𝑥 →5 √𝑥 − 25‬‬

‫‪√4𝑥 2 + 5‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 − 2‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) D‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬

‫𝑥‪1−‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫√ 𝑥(‬ ‫‪) F‬‬ ‫)‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫𝑥‪1+‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬

‫‪√𝑥 + 1 − 2‬‬ ‫𝑥√ ‪3 −‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) H‬‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪G‬‬
‫‪𝑥→3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→9‬‬ ‫𝑥‪9−‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪03‬‬

‫𝑓‬

‫𝑥√‪𝑥√𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4‬‬ ‫‪cos 𝑥 − 1‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) B‬‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪𝑥→4‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−4‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→0‬‬ ‫𝑥‬

‫)𝑥‪sin(−2‬‬ ‫𝑥 ‪sin‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪) D‬‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪𝑥→0‬‬ ‫𝑥‬ ‫𝜋 ‪𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 −‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 + 3 − 3‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫<‬
‫(‬ ‫‪) F‬‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪𝑥→1‬‬ ‫‪√1 −‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→6‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪04‬‬

‫𝑓‬
‫𝑥 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 3 +‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = √2 sin2 𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪√𝑥 − 4‬‬ ‫𝑥 ‪cos‬‬

‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪𝑥−1‬‬ ‫‪sin 𝑥 − 1‬‬
‫‪√2𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪√𝑥 + 3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 −4‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪05‬‬

‫𝑓‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪)I‬‬

‫‪𝑥−3‬‬
‫}‪𝐼 = ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫∗‪𝐼 = ℝ‬‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫}‪𝐼 = ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫[∞‪𝐼 = ]2; +‬‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫‪𝑥2 + 4‬‬
‫[‪𝐼 = ]−∞; −2‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪𝑥 +𝑥−2‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪)II‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫𝑑‪𝑥+‬‬
‫)⃗𝑗 ‪(𝑂; 𝑖⃗,‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪𝑥 = −1‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑‬ ‫•‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫‪𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪06‬‬

‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪(𝑥 + 1)2‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫𝑑 ‪𝑐𝑥 +‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 + 1)2‬‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫)𝑑(‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫)𝑑(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪07‬‬

‫}‪ℝ − {−2‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫)‪(𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫𝑥( ‪2‬‬
‫)‪+ 1‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑔‬
‫‪𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫}‪𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−2‬‬ ‫𝑎‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫])𝑥(𝑔 ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) −‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪08‬‬

‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪)I‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑐 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 +‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫)‪𝐵(2; 3) 𝐴(0; 1‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝐴 𝐵‬ ‫) ‪(𝑇2 ) (𝑇1‬‬
‫)‪𝐶(1; −4‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫𝐴 𝐵‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫)‪𝑓 ′ (2) 𝑓 ′ (0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫𝑂‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑥=6‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪)II‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5|𝑥| + 1‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫)𝑥(‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫) ‪(𝐶ℎ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪09‬‬

‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑔‬ ‫‪)I‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫𝑔‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 𝑔(−2) B
𝑔(𝑥) C
ℝ − {−1} 𝑓 )II
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
A
2𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 B
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
D
(Δ) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
−0.2 𝛼 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐸) 𝑚 F
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) ℝ 𝑥 ℎ )III
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B

10 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ℝ − {2} 𝑓
2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑦=𝑥−3 (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 A
3
𝑓 B
𝑀1 (−3) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
(𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) 𝑀2
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) D
𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 𝑚 = 0 𝑚 E
ℝ − {−2; 2} 𝑔 F
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
𝑔 /‫أ‬
(𝐶𝑔 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑔 (𝐶𝑔 ) /‫ب‬

11 ‫التمريـــــن‬

4
 ‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 +𝑥−3‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫)⃗𝑗 ‪(𝑂; 𝑖⃗,‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬ ‫𝑥‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪12‬‬

‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4‬‬ ‫‪ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫)⃗𝑗 ‪(𝑂; 𝑖⃗,‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫)‪𝜔(−1; −2‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫𝜔‬ ‫)𝑇(‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫)𝑇( ) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4 − 𝑚 = 0‬‬ ‫𝑚‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪13‬‬

‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 +3‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫)⃗𝑗 ‪(𝑂; 𝑖⃗,‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬ ‫أ‪/‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫ب‪/‬‬
‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫ج‪/‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫}‪𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫أ‪/‬‬
‫)‪(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 + 1)2‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 𝑓 /‫ب‬
0 (𝑇) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; −2) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇) (Δ) F

14 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ℝ 𝑓
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑏
3
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑏 𝑎
−8 3 𝑓 𝑏 𝑎 )I
𝑏 = 1 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑓 A
𝑓(−2) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(0) 𝑓(5) B
1 𝐴 (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) C
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇) E

15 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ℝ 𝑓
2
𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
7
𝐴 (0; 2) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑏 𝑎 A
𝑓(𝑥)
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 +
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
𝑓 B
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
(𝐶𝑓 ) D
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 F
𝜔 (𝑇) G
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝑇) H

6
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪16‬‬

‫[‪𝐼 = ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪)I‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫𝐼‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫[∞‪[0; +‬‬ ‫‪𝑔 B‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫𝑔‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫𝑔‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑘 )II‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑘(𝑥) = |𝑥| +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑘‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪𝑥0 = 0‬‬ ‫𝑘‬ ‫) ‪(Δ2 ) (Δ1‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫) ‪(𝐶𝑘 ) (Δ2 ) (Δ1‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪17‬‬

‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪)I‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫)⃗𝑗 ‪(𝑂; 𝑖⃗,‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫}‪ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑥‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫)‪𝑥(𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 + 1)2‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫}‪𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1‬‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫)𝐷(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫)𝐷(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) F
ℝ − {−1} 𝑔 )II
2
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑔(𝑥) =
|𝑥 + 1|
(𝐶𝑔 )
𝑔(𝑥) A
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑔 (𝐶𝑔 ) B

18 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ℝ 𝑔 )I
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 4
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(−1) A
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ℝ B
ℝ 𝑓 )II
2 − 𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥) =
1 + 𝑥2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
A
/
−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
𝑓 /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = −𝑥 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) B
𝐿 𝜔 ∈ [−2; −1] C

1 + 𝜔2
𝐿=√
2 − 𝜔3
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 ) (Δ) E
(𝐸 ′ ) (𝐸) 𝑚 F
1 3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚 … (𝐸 ′ ) ; 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 … (𝐸)
2
ℝ − {1} ℎ )III
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B

19 ‫التمريـــــن‬

8
 ℝ − {1} 𝑓 )I
2
𝑥 + 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽
𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛽 𝛼
(0; −1) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛽 𝛼 •
𝛽 = 2 𝛼 = −2 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) B
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞
C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 2𝑥−2 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
D
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {1} /
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 /
E
𝑥=1 (Δ) 𝜔 /
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 /
𝜔 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 + 𝑚 𝑚 G
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) ℝ − {1} ℎ )III
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B

20 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ℝ − {−1} 𝑓𝑚 4 𝑚
2
2𝑥 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(O; i, j ) (𝐶𝑚 )

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) A
|𝑥|→+∞
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) 𝑚 B
𝑥→−1
C
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1} /
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚
𝑓′𝑚 (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)3

9
 𝑓𝑚 𝑚 /
Ω (𝐶𝑚 ) D
𝜔 (𝐶𝑚 ) E
(𝐶𝑚 ) F
(𝐶0 ) G

21 ‫التمريـــــن‬

𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − {1} 𝐷𝑓 𝑓
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎
(𝑂, 𝑖⃗; 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐷): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1 (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 )I
𝐴(0; −4)
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4
4−𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = )II
𝑥−1
𝑓 A
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 B
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥−1
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 C
−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 − 1)2
𝑓
(𝐶𝑓 ) Ω(1; −2) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
𝑥 2 − 4 + (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 𝑚 G
ℝ − {−1; 1} ℎ )III
2
4−𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) =
1 − |𝑥|
ℎ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1; 1} A
(𝐶ℎ ) (𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B

10
 22 ‫التمريـــــن‬

ax 2 + bx + c
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 f ( x) = ]−1; +∞[ 𝑓
( x + 1)
2

(O; i, j ) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 )
1
0 𝜔 𝑂 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 )
2

)I
A
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
𝑓 B
𝑓′ C
𝑓 D
1
𝑓 ′ (0) f '   𝑓(2) 𝑓(0) E
2
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 F
𝑐 = 0 𝑏 = 2 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→+∞
𝑥→−1
2 (1 − 2 x )
f '( x) = 𝑥 > −1 B
( x + 1)
3

11
 ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪ℎ(𝑥) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2‬‬ ‫[∞‪]−1; +‬‬ ‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪)III‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪ℎ′‬‬ ‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫)𝑥( ‪ℎ′‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫بالتوفيق‬
‫♥ ال تنسونا من صالح دعائكم ♥‬
‫األستاذ‪ :‬قويسم براهيم الخليل‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪-‬حلول مقترحة‪-‬‬ ‫الحلول‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪01‬‬
‫𝑓‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 ) = −‬‬

‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫𝑛‪1+2+3+⋯+‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑛 − 1 + 1)(𝑛 + 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑛+1‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫)𝑛( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬
‫∞‪𝑛→+‬‬ ‫𝑛‬ ‫∞‪𝑛→+‬‬ ‫𝑛‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑛→+‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑛→+‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪4+6−1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫‪0+‬‬ ‫‪0+‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫∞‪) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = −‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬

‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 + 1‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪):‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→1‬‬ ‫‪−𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4‬‬
‫‪Δ‬‬ ‫‪−𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪Δ = (−3)2 − 4(−1)(4) = 25‬‬
‫‪𝑥2 = 1 𝑥1 = −4‬‬

‫𝑥‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪−𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪(−𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4) > 0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→1‬‬
‫‪2𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫∞‪) = + = +‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→1‬‬ ‫‪−𝑥 2‬‬‫‪− 3𝑥 + 4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫∞‪) = + = −‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪G‬‬ ‫𝑥√ ‪3 −‬‬ ‫𝑥√ ‪3 −‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫=)‬ ‫=‬
‫‪𝑥→9‬‬ ‫𝑥‪9−‬‬ ‫)𝑥√ ‪𝑥→9 (3 − √𝑥)(3 +‬‬ ‫𝑥√ ‪𝑥→9 3 +‬‬ ‫‪3 + √3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 + 1 − 2‬‬ ‫)‪(√𝑥 + 1 − 2)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→3‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 − 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 1 + 2 √𝑥 + 1 − 2 √𝑥 + 1 − 4‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→3‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 − 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫=)‬
‫)‪𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→3 √𝑥 + 1 + 2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪02‬‬
‫𝑓‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1 2‬‬

‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√𝑥 2 (3 +‬‬ ‫)𝑥 ‪+ ) +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 𝑥2‬‬

‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (|𝑥|√3 +‬‬ ‫)𝑥 ‪+ +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 𝑥2‬‬

‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥√3 +‬‬ ‫)𝑥 ‪+ +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 𝑥2‬‬

‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 (√3 +‬‬ ‫))‪+ − 1‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 𝑥2‬‬

‫))‪= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥(√3 − 1‬‬

‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−5‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥 − 5)√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫>‬
‫(‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬
‫>‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→5‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪𝑥→5 (√𝑥 − 25)(√𝑥 − 25‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 − 5)√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→5‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 − 25‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 − 5)√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→5‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 − 52‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 − 5)√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→5‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫‪√𝑥 2 − 25‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→5‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫)‪(√𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 2‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−2‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬
‫>‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫)‪𝑥→−2 (𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬
‫>‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→−2 √𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= +‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 D
√𝑥 2 (4 + 52 )
√4𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
( )
5
|𝑥|√4 + 2
𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
( )
5
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√4 + )
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥2

= √4
=2

E (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 1√𝑥 2 + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 1√𝑥 2 + 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
−1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)

=0

F 1−𝑥 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 √ ) = −√ +
>
𝑥→−1 1+𝑥 0
= −∞

03 ‫التمريـــــن‬
𝑓

A cos 𝑥 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
𝑔(0) = 1

cos 𝑥 − 1 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0)

𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥−0
= 𝑔′ (0)
=0

16
 B 𝑥√𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4√𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→4 𝑥−4
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 √𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4√𝑥

𝑥 4
𝑔′ (𝑥) = √𝑥 + −4+
2√𝑥 2√𝑥
3𝑥 − 8√𝑥 + 4
=
2√𝑥
𝑔(4) = 0

𝑥√𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4√𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0)

𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→4 𝑥−4 𝑥→4 𝑥−4
= 𝑔′ (4)
12 − 16 + 4
=
4
0
=
4
=0

C sin 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 − 𝜋
𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = cos 𝑥
𝑔(𝜋) = 0

sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑥→𝜋 𝑥−𝜋
𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝜋)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥−𝜋
= 𝑔′ (𝜋)
= −1

D sin(−2𝑥)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = sin(−2𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = −2 cos 𝑥
𝑔(𝜋) = 0

sin(−2𝑥) sin(−2𝑥) − 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥−0
𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
= 𝑔′ (0)
= −2

17
 ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪√𝑥 + 3 − 3‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→6‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−6‬‬
‫‪𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2√𝑥+3‬‬
‫‪𝑔(6) = 3‬‬

‫‪√𝑥 + 3 − 3‬‬ ‫)‪𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(6‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→6‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−6‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→7‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−6‬‬
‫)‪= 𝑔′ (6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫<‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑥 ‪𝑥 →1 √1 −‬‬
‫𝑡 = ‪𝑥2‬‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2 → 1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫<‬
‫(‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬
‫<‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥 →1‬‬ ‫‪√1 − 𝑥 2‬‬ ‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫𝑡 ‪√1 −‬‬
‫𝑡 ‪√1 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬
‫<‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫𝑡 ‪√1 − 𝑡 × √1 −‬‬
‫𝑡 ‪√1 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫𝑡‪1−‬‬
‫𝑡 ‪√1 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫‪(−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫‪𝑡−1‬‬
‫𝑡 ‪𝑔(𝑡) = √1 −‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫𝑡‪𝑔′ (𝑡) = 2√1−‬‬
‫‪𝑔(1) = 0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝑡 ‪√1 −‬‬

‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )‬ ‫‪(−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥 →1‬‬ ‫‪√1 − 𝑥 2‬‬ ‫<‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫‪𝑡−1‬‬
‫)‪𝑔(𝑡) − 𝑔(1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫‪(−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑡→1‬‬ ‫‪𝑡−1‬‬
‫)‪= −𝑔′ (1‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪04‬‬
‫𝑓‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑥 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 3 +‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪2√2𝑥 − 3‬‬
‫‪1 + √2𝑥 − 3‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪√2𝑥 − 3‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
 1 √𝑥 − 4 B
(𝑥 − 1) − (√𝑥 − 4) 𝑓(𝑥) =
′ (𝑥) 2√𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑓 =
(𝑥 − 1)2
𝑥 − 1 − 2𝑥 + 8√𝑥
2 √𝑥
=
(𝑥 − 1)2
8 √𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
=
2√𝑥(𝑥 − 1)2

− sin 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 − 1) − cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 C

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) =
(sin 𝑥 − 1)2 sin 𝑥 − 1
− sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos2 𝑥
=
(sin 𝑥 − 1)2
sin 𝑥 − 1
=
(sin 𝑥 − 1)2
1
=
sin 𝑥 − 1
2 ∙ 2 cos 𝑥 ∙ sin 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 sin2 𝑥 + 1 D
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
2√2 sin2 𝑥 +1
2 cos 𝑥 ∙ sin 𝑥
=
√2 sin2 𝑥 + 1

′ (𝑥)
2𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) − 2𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 2 𝑥2 E
𝑓 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
(𝑥 2 − 4)2 𝑥 −4
2𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 3
3
=
(𝑥 2 − 4)2
−8𝑥
= 2
(𝑥 − 4)2

2 1 √2𝑥 − 2 F
√𝑥 + 3 − √2𝑥 − 2 𝑓(𝑥) =
′ (𝑥) 2√2𝑥 − 2 2√𝑥 + 3
𝑓 = √𝑥 + 3
𝑥+3
√𝑥 + 3 √2𝑥 − 2
−
√2𝑥 − 2 2√𝑥 + 3
=
𝑥+3
2(𝑥 + 3) − (2𝑥 − 2)
2√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥+3
𝑥+3−𝑥+1
√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥+3
4
=
(𝑥 + 3)√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)

05 ‫التمريـــــن‬
(𝑑) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) )I

19
 ‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪0+‬‬
‫‪𝑥−3‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫(‬ ‫∞‪) = − = +‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫<‬ ‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫‪𝑥 = −1‬‬ ‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫‪𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬

‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥 −𝑥−2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 1‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬ ‫𝑥‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→±‬‬

‫‪𝑦=1‬‬ ‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 +‬‬ ‫[ 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = ]𝑥 ‪−‬‬ ‫‪]=0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→±‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫𝑥=𝑦‬ ‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫‪−𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫𝑥‪−‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 0‬‬ ‫‪−𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 +1‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬
‫‪𝑦=0‬‬ ‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪𝑥 +1‬‬

‫‪2𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫𝑥‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪)=0‬‬ ‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪𝑦=0‬‬ ‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑‬ ‫‪)II‬‬
‫𝑐‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑔 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑔‬ ‫{‬ ‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑔(𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫𝑑‪𝑥+‬‬ ‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫𝑏 ‪𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫‪𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 +‬‬ ‫‪𝑏=2‬‬ ‫‪𝑎 = −1‬‬
‫𝑑‪𝑥+‬‬
‫‪𝑥 = −1‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫>‬
‫∞‪𝑓(𝑥) = +‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥+1‬‬ ‫‪𝑑=1‬‬ ‫‪−1 + 𝑑 = 0‬‬
‫)‪(0; 0‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝑓(0) = 0 ⟹ −(0) + 2 +‬‬ ‫‪= 0 ⟹ 2 + 𝑐 = 0 ⟹ 𝑐 = −2‬‬
‫‪0+1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥+1‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪06‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +‬‬ ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫𝑑‪𝑐𝑥+‬‬
‫‪(𝑥+1)2‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 3 + 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 3 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2

𝑎=1 𝑎=1
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3 𝑏=1
{ ⇒{
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 6 𝑐=3
𝑏+𝑑 =3 𝑑=2

3𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
±∞ (𝑑) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) B

3𝑥 + 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 + 1 + − (𝑥 + 1)]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
3𝑥 + 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
3𝑥 + 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1
3𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥
3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥
=0
𝑦(𝑑) =𝑥+1 ±∞ (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) C

3𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 1) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
2
3𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
3

2
𝑥 −∞ −1 − +∞
3
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑑) − − 0 +
-
2
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; − 3[ (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
2
𝑥 = −3 (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) •

21
 ‫‪2‬‬
‫[∞‪𝑥 ∈ ]− 3 ; +‬‬ ‫)𝑑(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫•‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪07‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑥+2‬‬ ‫}‪𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−2‬‬ ‫𝑎‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫)‪(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 1‬‬

‫= )𝑥(𝑓‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫)‪(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫‪𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬

‫𝑎‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫‪= 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫𝑎 ‪(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 2) +‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫𝑎 ‪𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10 +‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫𝑎 ‪𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 10 +‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬

‫‪10 + 𝑎 = 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = −9‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) −‬‬
‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫])𝑥(𝑔 ‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) −‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [−‬‬ ‫‪]=0‬‬
‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬ ‫∞‪|𝑥|→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫∞‪±‬‬ ‫𝑔‬ ‫𝑓‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪08‬‬
‫‪)I‬‬
‫𝐴 𝐵‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫𝐴 𝐶‬ ‫) ‪(𝑇1‬‬
‫) ‪(𝑇1‬‬ ‫)𝐶𝐴(‬
‫)𝑏‪⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 ) = (−‬‬
‫𝐶𝐴 ⇒ ) ‪⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 − 0‬‬
‫𝐶𝐴‬
‫‪−4 − 1‬‬ ‫‪−5‬‬ ‫𝑎‬
‫) ‪(𝑇1‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
 (𝑇1 ): −5𝑥 + (−1)𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
(𝑇1 ) 𝐴
−5(0) − (1) + 𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 = 1
(𝑇1 ): −5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 1
𝐶 𝐵 (𝑇2 )
(𝑇2 ) (𝐵𝐶)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 − 2 ) ⇒ 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−1) = (−𝑏)
−4 − 3 −7 𝑎
(𝑇2 )
(𝑇2 ): −7𝑥 + (1)𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
(𝑇2 ) 𝐵
−7(2) + (3) + 𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 = 11
(𝑇2 ): −7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 11 = 0
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 11
𝑓 ′ (2) 𝑓 ′ (0) B
𝑀 𝑀 𝑓
𝑓 ′ (2) = 7 𝑓 ′ (0) = −5
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 C
𝑓 ′ (0) = −5 𝐵(2; 3) 𝐴(0; 1) 𝑓

𝑓(0) = 1 𝑎(0)2 + 𝑏(0) + 𝑐 = 1

{ 𝑓(2) = 3 ⇒ {𝑎(2)2 + 𝑏(2) + 𝑐 = 3
𝑓 ′ (0) = −5 2𝑎(0) + 𝑏 = −5
𝑐=1
⇒ {4𝛼 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 3
𝑏 = −5
𝑎=3
⇒ {𝑏 = −5
𝑐=1

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1
𝑓 D
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 = 0 ⇒ 6𝑥 − 5 = 0
5
⇒𝑥=
6
𝑂 (𝐶𝑓 ) E
𝑂 𝑂(0; 0) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)(𝑥𝑂 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦𝑂 ⇒ (6𝑥 − 5)(0 − 𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0 2

⇒ −6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ −3𝑥 2 + 1 = 0
1
⇒ 𝑥2 =
3

23
 ‫‪1‬‬
‫√=𝑥‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫=𝑥‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫⇒‬ ‫⇒‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫√‪𝑥 = −‬‬ ‫‪{𝑥 = − 3‬‬
‫{‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫) ‪(𝑇4 ) (𝑇3‬‬ ‫𝑂‬ ‫‪(−‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫) ‪(𝑇3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫) ( 𝑓 ‪(𝑇3 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ) +‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫‪= (6 ( ) − 5) (𝑥 − ) + 3 ( ) − 5 ( ) + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5√3‬‬ ‫‪5√3‬‬
‫‪= 2√3𝑥 − 2 − 5𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪+1−‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫𝑥)‪= (2√3 − 5‬‬
‫) ‪(𝑇4‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫‪(𝑇4 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (−‬‬ ‫) ‪) (𝑥 + ) + 𝑓 (−‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬ ‫‪√3‬‬
‫‪= (6 (− ) − 5) (𝑥 + ) + 3 (− ) − 5 (− ) + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5√3‬‬ ‫‪5√3‬‬
‫‪= −2√3𝑥 − 2 − 5𝑥 −‬‬ ‫‪+1+‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫𝑥)‪= −(2√3 + 5‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪𝑥=6‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫محور تناظر‪:‬‬
‫إلثبات أن المستقيم ذو المعادلة 𝑎 = 𝑥 محور تناظر لـ ) 𝑓𝐶( نبين ما يلي‪:‬‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 ‪2𝑎 −‬‬

‫{‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 = )𝑥 ‪𝑓(2𝛼 −‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪(2 (6) − 𝑥) ∈ ℝ‬‬ ‫‪(−𝑥) ∈ ℝ‬‬ ‫‪𝑥∈ℝ‬‬ ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫)𝑥 ‪𝑓 (2 ( ) − 𝑥) = 𝑓 ( −‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪= 3 ( − 𝑥) − 5 ( − 𝑥) + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪= 3 ( ) − 6 ( ) 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 −‬‬ ‫‪+ 5𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪− 10𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 −‬‬ ‫‪+ 5𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪= 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
 = 𝑓(𝑥)
5
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥=6
)II
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 3(−𝑥)2 − 5|−𝑥| + 1
= 3𝑥 2 − 5|𝑥| + 1
= ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥) B
ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5|𝑥| + 1
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑥≥0
={ 2
3(−𝑥) − 5(−𝑥) + 1 ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥≥0
={
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) C
𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ ) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥≥0
ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) -

09 ‫التمريـــــن‬
)III
𝑔 A
′ (𝑥) 2
𝑔 = 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3
= 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)
= 3(𝑥 + 1)2

25
 𝑔′ (𝑥) > 0
ℝ 𝑔
𝑔(−2) B
𝑔(−2) = (−2)3 2
+ 3(−2) + 3(−2) + 2 = 0
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 -
𝑔(𝑥) (−2)
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−2))(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
= 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏
= 𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 2) + (𝑏 + 2𝑎)𝑥 + 2𝑏

𝑎+2=3
𝑎=1
{𝑏 + 2𝑎 = 3 ⇒ {
𝑏=1
2𝑏 = 2

𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥+2=0
⇒{
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Δ = 1 − 4 = −3 < 0 Δ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0)
ℝ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) > 0

𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = −2
𝑔(𝑥) C
𝑥 −∞ −2 +∞
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 +
)IV
2𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)3 A
(6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 1)2 − 2(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4
(6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
6𝑥 3 + 14𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8 − 4𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2𝑔(𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 B
-
3 2 3
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 2𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥2 𝑥→−∞

26
 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞ (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑥→+∞
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 −1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
) = − 2 = −∞
<
𝑥→−1
<
𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1) (0 )
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 −1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = = −∞
>
𝑥→−1
>
𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1)2 (0+ )2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -

(𝑥 + 1)3 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒𝑥+1=0
⇒ 𝑥 = −1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 +∞
2𝑔(𝑥) − 0 + +
(𝑥 + 1)3 − − +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − +
𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − +
−2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ −∞

𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + (𝑥+1)2 C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏) + 𝑏 + 𝑐
3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2

𝑎=2
𝑎=2
{ +𝑏 =7⇒{ 𝑏 =3
2𝑎
𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 8
𝑐 = −1
𝑏+𝑐 =2

1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 −
(𝑥 + 1)2
D
𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 −∞ (𝐶𝑓 )

27
 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (2𝑥 + 3)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [2𝑥 + 3 − − (2𝑥 + 3)]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
−1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
=0
𝑦(Δ) = 2𝑥 + 3 ±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
−1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) ) < 0 (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
−∞ 𝑥 = −1 •
𝑦(Δ) = 2𝑥 + 3 (Δ) •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛼 •
(−2; −2) •
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑓

28
 F
𝑦𝑚 = 2𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
𝑚<2
𝑚=2
2<𝑚<3
𝑚≥3
)V
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
(𝐶ℎ ) B
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥≥0
𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
ℎ

29
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪10‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪𝑦 =𝑥−3‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑐 ‪𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 +‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪− (𝑥 − 3)) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪{𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫‪𝑓 ′ (3) = 0‬‬

‫𝑐 ‪𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +‬‬ ‫)‪𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 − (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ⇒ ‪− (𝑥 − 3)) = 0‬‬ ‫‪)=0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫‪𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 6‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ⇒‬ ‫‪)=0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫‪(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 5)𝑥 + 𝑐 − 6‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ⇒‬ ‫‪)=0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬
‫‪𝑎=1‬‬ ‫)‪(𝑎 − 1 = 0‬‬

‫‪(𝑏 + 5)𝑥 + 𝑐 − 6‬‬ ‫𝑥)‪(𝑏 + 5‬‬

‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ⇒ ‪) = 0‬‬ ‫‪)=0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−2‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫𝑥‬
‫‪⇒ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑏 + 5) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫‪⇒𝑏+5=0‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
 ⇒ 𝑏 = −5

′ (𝑥)
(2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 2) − 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
𝑓 =
(𝑥 − 2)2
2𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
2
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
2
𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
=
(𝑥 − 2)2

′ (3)
𝑎(3)2 − 4𝑎(3) − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
𝑓 =0⇒ 2 =0
((3) − 2)
⇒ 9𝑎 − 12𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0
⇒ −3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0
𝑏 𝑎
⇒ −3(1) − 2(−5) − 𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑐=7

𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2
𝑓 D
-
2 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7 𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥−2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥)
𝑥→−∞
= −∞
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
<
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

6
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
(0− ) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
(𝑥 − 2) = 0−
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
>
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

6
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
(0+ ) = +∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
(𝑥 − 2) = 0+
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥−2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -
2
𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 − 2)2
(1)𝑥 2 − 4(1)𝑥 − 2(−5) − (7)
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
=
(𝑥 − 2)2

31
 ′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑓 =0⇒ =0
(𝑥 − 2)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
Δ
Δ= (−4)2 − 4(1)(3) = 4

4 + √4
𝑥= =3
2

4 − √4
{𝑥 = 2
=1
𝑠 = {1; 3} 𝑓′(𝑥) = 0
-
𝑥 −∞ 1 2 3 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 0 0
−3 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 1

(−3) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3 (−3) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) (𝐶𝑓 )

′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑓 = −3 ⇒ = −3
(𝑥 − 2)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 3(𝑥 − 2)2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 12 − 12𝑥 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 15 = 0
Δ = 16 Δ
5 3
𝑥2 = ; 𝑥1 =
2 2

5 3 3 7
𝑓( ) = ; 𝑓( ) = −
2 2 2 2
(𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) 𝑀2 𝑀1
5 3 3 7
𝑀2 ( ; ) ; 𝑀1 ( ; )
2 2 2 2

3 3 3
(𝐷1 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ) + 𝑓 ( )
2 2 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
(2) − 4 (2) + 3 3 (2) − 5 (2) + 7
(𝐷1 ): = 2 (𝑥 − ) +
2 3
3 (2) − 2
((2) − 2)
( )

32
 9 7
(𝐷1 ): = −3𝑥 + −
2 2
(𝐷1 ): = −3𝑥 + 1
5 5 5
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ( )) + 𝑓 ( )
2 2 2
15 3
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + +
2 2
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 9
𝑦(𝐷2) = −3𝑥 + 9 𝑦(𝐷1) = −3𝑥 + 1 (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 )
F

G
𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 𝑚 = 0 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 𝑚
𝑦𝑚 = −3𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 )

𝑚<1
𝑚=1
1<𝑚<9
𝑚=9
𝑚>9
H
𝑔 /‫أ‬

33
 ‫)𝑥(𝑔 = )|𝑥|(𝑓 = )|𝑥‪𝑔(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−‬‬
‫𝑔‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝑔‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫ب‪/‬‬

‫)|𝑥|(𝑓 = )𝑥(𝑔‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0‬‬
‫{=‬
‫‪𝑓(−𝑥) 𝑥 ≤ 0‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ≥ 0‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ≤ 0‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪11‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 +𝑥−3‬‬ ‫𝑥‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫∞‪) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = −‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 +𝑥−3‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫(‬ ‫∞‪) = +‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬

‫‪𝑥 2 +𝑥−3‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫∞‪) = +‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫‪(𝑥 + 1) = 0−‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪0−‬‬ ‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
>
𝑥→−1 𝑥+1
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 3 𝑥2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥+1 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑥+1 −1 𝑥 B
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
𝑥+1
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1

𝑎=1 𝑎=1
{ 𝑎+𝑏 =1 ⇒{ 𝑏 =0
𝑏 + 𝑐 = −3 𝑐 = −3

3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −
𝑥+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 2 +𝑥−3 𝑥 2 +𝑥−3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
> 𝑥+1 < 𝑥+1
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )

3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 − − 𝑥)
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (− )
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
=0
𝑦=𝑥 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) C

−3 3
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥 =
𝑥+1 −𝑥 − 1
⇒ −𝑥 − 1 ≠ 0
⇒ 𝑥 ≠ −1

𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦 + −
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 )
D

𝑥 = −1 •
𝑦=𝑥 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
35
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪12‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3 4‬‬
‫‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 (1 +‬‬ ‫∞‪− )) = −‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 𝑥3‬‬
‫∞‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫𝑥‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6‬‬

‫‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫‪⇒ 3𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0‬‬
‫‪3𝑥 = 0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥=0‬‬
‫{⇒‬ ‫{⇒‬
‫‪𝑥+2=0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 = −2‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬
‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪B‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 ‫لتعيين احداثيات نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محوري االحداثيات‪:‬‬

‫إليجاد نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محور الفواصل نحل المعادلة ‪.𝑓(𝑥) = 0‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إليجاد نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محور التراتيب نقوم بحساب )‪.𝑓(0‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓(1) = 13 + 3(1)2 − 4 = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)𝑏 ‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 +‬‬
‫𝑏 ‪⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 −‬‬
‫𝑏 ‪⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + (𝑎 − 1)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 − 𝑎)𝑥 −‬‬

‫‪𝑎−1=3‬‬
‫‪𝑎=4‬‬
‫{ ⇒ ‪{𝑏 − 𝑎 = 0‬‬
‫‪𝑏=4‬‬
‫‪−𝑏 = −4‬‬

‫)‪𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4‬‬

‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑥−1=0‬‬
‫{⇒‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪𝑥=1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥−1=0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Δ‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪Δ = 42 − 4(1)(4) = 0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑥 − 2 𝑥 = −2‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫}‪𝑠 = {1; −2‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑓(0) = 0 + 3(0) − 4 = −4‬‬
‫)‪(0; −4‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫)‪𝜔(−1; −2‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
 ‫نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼(𝛺 مركز تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي‪:‬‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 +‬‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 ‪2𝛼 −‬‬
‫{‬ ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 −‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫{‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(𝛼 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝑥) = 2‬‬

‫)‪−∞ < 2(−1‬‬

‫⏟‬ ‫∞‪− 𝑥 < +‬‬ ‫∞‪−∞ < −𝑥 < +‬‬ ‫∞‪−∞ < 𝑥 < +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥∈ℝ‬‬
‫𝑥‪2𝛼−‬‬
‫‪(2(−1) − 𝑥) ∈ ℝ‬‬

‫‪𝑓(2(−1) − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (−2 − 𝑥)3 + 3(−2 − 𝑥)2 − 4 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4‬‬

‫‪= −(−2 − 𝑥)2 (2 + 𝑥) + 3(2 + 𝑥)2 − 8 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2‬‬
‫‪= −(4 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥)(2 + 𝑥) + 12 + 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 8 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2‬‬
‫‪= −8 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 + 4 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 𝑥 3‬‬
‫‪= −4‬‬
‫)‪= 2(−2‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜔‬
‫𝜔‬ ‫)𝑇(‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫)‪(𝑇): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (−1)(𝑥 − (−1)) + 𝑓(−1‬‬
‫‪= (3(−1)2 + 6(−1))(𝑥 + 1) + (−1)3 + 3(−1)2 − 4‬‬
‫‪= −3𝑥 − 3 − 2‬‬
‫‪= −3𝑥 − 5‬‬
‫‪𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 5‬‬ ‫)𝑇(‬
‫)𝑇( ) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫‪F‬‬

‫𝑚 = )𝑥(𝑓 ⇒ ‪𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4 − 𝑚 = 0‬‬
‫𝑚=𝑦‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪𝑥 < −4‬‬ ‫‪𝑚 < −4‬‬
‫‪𝑥 = −4‬‬ ‫‪𝑚 = −4‬‬
‫‪−4 < 𝑥 < 0‬‬ ‫‪−4 < 𝑚 < 0‬‬
‫‪𝑥=0‬‬ ‫‪𝑚=0‬‬
‫‪𝑥>0‬‬ ‫‪𝑚>0‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪13‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪𝑥2 + 3‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫) ( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫𝑥‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 =‬ ‫)𝑥(‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫∞‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫‪𝑥2 + 3‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫<‬ ‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
 4
=
0−
= −∞
𝑥2 + 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1
> >
𝑥→−1
4
= +
0
= +∞
-
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
B
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /‫أ‬
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1

𝑎=1 𝑎=1
{𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 ⇒ {𝑏 = −1
𝑏+𝑐 =3 𝑐=4

4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥+1
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /‫ب‬

4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 − 1 + − 𝑥 + 1]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
=0
𝑦(Δ) =𝑥−1 ±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /‫ج‬

4
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ≠ −1

𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
-
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
40
 C
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+3)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)2
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1} /‫أ‬

′ (𝑥)
2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑓 =
(𝑥 + 1)2
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)
Δ = 22 − 4(1)(−3) = 16
−2−4 −2+4
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
𝑥 = −3 𝑥=1
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − (−3)))

′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
𝑓 =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑓 /‫ب‬
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ −3 −1 1 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − − 0 +
−6 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 2
0 (𝑇) D
′ (0)(𝑥
𝑦(𝑇) = 𝑓 − 0) + 𝑓(0)
−3 3
= 𝑥+
1 1
= −3𝑥 + 3
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; −2) E
𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓
𝑥 > −1 𝑥 < −1 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; +∞[
(2(−1) − 𝑥) < −1 (2(−1) − 𝑥) > −1 (−𝑥) < 1 (−𝑥) > 1
(2(−1) − 𝑥) ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; +∞[

41
 ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(2(−1) −‬‬
‫مركز التناظر‪:‬‬
‫نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼(‪ Ω‬مركز‬
‫تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي‪:‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓 ‪𝑓(2(−1) − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−2 − 𝑥) +‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 ‪2𝛼 −‬‬ ‫‪(−2 − 𝑥)2 + 3 𝑥 2 + 3‬‬
‫{‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬ ‫‪−2 − 𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫أو‬ ‫‪4 + 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥 2 + 3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪−𝑥 − 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫{‬ ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 −‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 7 𝑥 2 + 3‬‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(𝛼 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝑥) = 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪−(𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪−𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 7 + 𝑥 2 + 3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪−4𝑥 − 4‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫)‪−4(𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪= −4‬‬
‫)‪= 2(−2‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(2(−1) −‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫)‪𝜔(−1; −2‬‬ ‫{‬
‫)‪𝑓(2(−1) − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(−2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪14‬‬
‫‪−8‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫𝑎 𝑏‬ ‫‪)I‬‬
‫‪−8‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫𝑓‬
‫‪𝑓(3) = −8‬‬
‫‪{ ′‬‬
‫‪𝑓 (3) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 − 3‬‬

‫‪𝑓 ′ (3) = 0 ⇒ 32 + 2𝑎(3) − 3 = 0‬‬

‫‪⇒ 6𝑎 = −6‬‬
‫‪⇒ 𝑎 = −1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫⇒ ‪𝑓(3) = −8‬‬ ‫‪(3)3 + 𝑎(3)2 − 3(3) + 𝑏 = −8‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪⇒ (3)3 + (−1)(3)2 − 3(3) + 𝑏 = −8‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪⇒ 9 − 9 + 9 + 𝑏 = −8‬‬
‫‪⇒ 𝑏=1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪𝑏 = 1 𝑎 = −1‬‬ ‫‪)II‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 3‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−∞ 3‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−∞ 3‬‬
‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫‪1 3‬‬
‫∞‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1) = +‬‬
‫‪𝑥→+∞ 3‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3‬‬

‫‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0‬‬

‫‪Δ‬‬
‫=‪Δ‬‬ ‫‪(−2)2‬‬ ‫‪− 4(1)(−3) = 16‬‬

‫‪−(−2) + √16‬‬
‫=𝑥‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪−(−2) − √16‬‬
‫= 𝑥{‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= −1‬‬
‫}‪𝑠 = {−1; 3‬‬ ‫‪𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪43‬‬
 𝑥 −∞ −1 3 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − 0 +
8 +∞
3
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −8
𝑓(−2) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(0) 𝑓(5) B
1 8
• 𝑓(5) = (5)3 − (5)2 − 3(5) + 1 =
3 3
1
• 𝑓(0) = (0)3 − (0)2 − 3(0) + 1 = 1
3
1 8
• 𝑓(−1) = (−1)3 − (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 1 =
3 3
1 1
• 𝑓(−2) = (−2)3 − (−2)2 − 3(−2) + 1 =
3 3
1 𝐴 (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) C
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (1)(𝑥
− 1) + 𝑓(1)
8
(𝑇): 𝑦 = (12 − 2(1) − 3)(𝑥 − 1) −
3
8
(𝑇): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 4 −
3
4
(𝑇): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 +
3
4
𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3 (Δ)
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D

1 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑥 −
3 3
1 3 1
= 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥 −
3 3
1
1 3 1
𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − = (𝑥 − 1)(𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛾)
3 3
= 𝛼𝑥 3 + 𝛽𝑥 2 + 𝛾𝑥 − 𝛼𝑥 2 − 𝛽𝑥 − 𝛾
= 𝛼𝑥 3 + (𝛽 − 𝛼)𝑥 2 + (𝛾 − 𝛽)𝑥 − 𝛾

1 1
𝛼= 𝛼=
3 3
𝛽 − 𝛼 = −1 2
⇒ 𝛽=−
𝛾−𝛽 =1 3
1 1
{ −𝛾 = − 3 { 𝛾=3

1 3 1 1 2 1
𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − = (𝑥 − 1) ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + )
3 3 3 3 3
1
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)
3
1
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)2
3
44
 1
= (𝑥 − 1)3
3

1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 1)3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1
3

𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +

𝑥 ∈ ]1; +∞[ Δ (𝐶𝑓 ) •

8
𝐴 (1; − 3) 𝐴 Δ (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; 1[ Δ (𝐶𝑓 ) •
E

𝑓(5) 𝑓(0) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(−2) •

(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝐴 •
4
𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3 (𝑇) •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •

45
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪15‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫)‪𝐴 (0; 2‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫= )‪𝑓(0‬‬
‫{‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪′ (0‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪=0‬‬

‫‪7 (0)2 + 𝑎(0) + 𝑏 7‬‬

‫⇒ = )‪𝑓(0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2 (0)2 + 2(0) + 2 2‬‬
‫‪𝑏 7‬‬
‫= ⇒‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫‪⇒𝑏=7‬‬

‫)‪(2𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) − (2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 7‬‬

‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬
‫‪(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2‬‬
‫‪2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑎𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − 14‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(2 − 𝑎)𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑎 − 14‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2‬‬
‫‪𝑓 ′ (0) = 0‬‬
‫‪(2 − 𝑎)(0)2 − 10(0) + 2𝑎 − 14‬‬
‫⇒ ‪𝑓 ′ (0) = 0‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪((0)2 + 2(0) + 2)2‬‬
‫‪⇒ 2𝑎 − 14 = 0‬‬
‫‪⇒𝑎=7‬‬

‫‪𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫‪5𝑥+5‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2‬‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪5𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 5𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7‬‬
‫‪= 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬

‫‪5𝑥 + 5‬‬
‫‪𝑓(𝑥) = 1 +‬‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7‬‬ ‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 2‬‬

‫‪=1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7‬‬
‫‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2‬‬ ‫‪)=1‬‬
‫‪𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -

′ (𝑥)
(2 − 𝑎)𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑎 − 14
𝑓 =
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2

−5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2

−5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ =0
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2
⇒ −5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = 0
⇒ −5𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0
−5𝑥 = 0
⇒{
𝑥+2 =0
𝑥=0
⇒{
𝑥 = −2
-
𝑥 −∞ −2 0 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 − 0 + 0 −
1 7
2
𝑓(𝑥)
3 1
−
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C

𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 1

𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→−∞
±∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦=1
(𝐶𝑓 ) D
(𝑥𝑥 ′ ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ =0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7 = 0
Δ = 21 Δ
−7 + √21
𝑥1 = ≅ −1.21
2
−7 − √21
𝑥2 = ≅ −5.79
{ 2

(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑥𝑥 ′ ) = {(−5.79; 0), (−1.21; 0)}

(𝑦𝑦 ′ ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -

47
 7
𝑓(0) =
2

7
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {(0; )}
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 1 + 2 −1
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
5𝑥 + 5
= 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) > 0
5𝑥 + 5 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1

𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +
-
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ •
𝜔(−1; 1) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 = −1 •
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 F
𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)
5(−2 − 𝑥) + 5 5𝑥 + 5
=1+ + 1 +
(2 + 𝑥)2 + 2(−2 − 𝑥) + 1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
−10 − 5𝑥 + 5 5𝑥 + 5
=2+ 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
(5𝑥 + 5) 5𝑥 + 5
=2− 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
=2
= 2(1)
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; 1)
𝜔 (𝑇) G
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (−1)(𝑥 − (−1)) + 𝑓(−1)
−5 + 10
(𝑇): 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) + 1
(1 − 2 + 2)2
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 6
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝑇) H

𝑦=1 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 6 (𝑇) •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •

48
 ‫التمريـــــن ‪16‬‬
‫‪)I‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫𝐼‬ ‫𝑓‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 +‬‬ ‫∞‪) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫⏟‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪(−𝑥 +‬‬ ‫∞‪) = −‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫⏟‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪(−𝑥 +‬‬ ‫∞‪) = +‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬

‫𝑥‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬
‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫𝑔‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 +‬‬ ‫∞‪) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫⏟‬
‫‪𝑥+1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
 +∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑔 ) /

4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑥] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 + − 𝑥)
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥+1
4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 + 1
=0
𝑦=𝑥 +∞ (𝐶𝑔 )
𝑔 /
4
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1 −
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1) 𝑔′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + 3) > 0 (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0

𝑥−1=0⟹𝑥 =1

𝑥 0 1 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑔 − 0 +
4 +∞
𝑔(𝑥)
3
)II
𝑘(𝑥) A
4
𝑘(𝑥) = |𝑥| +
𝑥+1
4
𝑥+ ; 𝑥 ∈ ]0; +∞[
= { 𝑥 + 1
4
−𝑥 + ; 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0[
𝑥+1
𝑔(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ∈ ]0; +∞[
= {
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0[
𝑥0 = 0 (Δ2 ) (Δ1 ) B

4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −1 −
(𝑥 + 1)2

𝑦(Δ1) = 𝑓 ′ (0)𝑥 + 𝑓(0)

= −5𝑥 + 4

𝑦(Δ2) = 𝑔′ (0)𝑥 + 𝑔(0)

50
 ‫‪= −3𝑥 + 4‬‬
‫) ‪(𝐶𝑘 ) (Δ2 ) (Δ1‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪17‬‬
‫‪)I‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪𝑥2‬‬
‫∞‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→+‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑥‬
‫∞‪• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = −‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫𝑥 ∞‪𝑥→−‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫=‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪0−‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 •‬ ‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫=‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫‪0+‬‬
‫)‪𝑥(𝑥+2‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥+1)2‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫𝑥‪(2𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2 + 2‬‬ ‫)‪𝑥(𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫= )𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(1 + 𝑥)2‬‬ ‫‪(1 + 𝑥)2‬‬ ‫‪(1 + 𝑥)2‬‬ ‫‪(1 + 𝑥)2‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫)‪𝑥(𝑥 + 2‬‬ ‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪(1 + 𝑥)2 > 0‬‬
‫‪𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+2=0⟹𝑥 =0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥 = −2‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
 𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 0 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − − 0 +
0 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 4
D
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥+1 /
1 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) + 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3 + 1 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 + = = = = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) /

1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 +
{ 𝑥+1
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )=0
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 + 1
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 =𝑥+3
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝐷) = 𝑥 + 3 + − (𝑥 + 3) =
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ −1

𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
-
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑥𝑥 ′ ) = {−2} 𝑥 = −2 Δ = 42 − 4(1)(4) = 0
-
2
0 + 4(0) + 4
𝑓(0) = =4
0+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {4}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) F

52
 ‫‪)II‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫| ‪𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 2)2 |(𝑥 + 2)2‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥 + 2)2‬‬ ‫‪𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0‬‬
‫= )𝑥(𝑔‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫|=‬ ‫{ = |)𝑥(𝑓| = |‬
‫|‪|𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫|‪|𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫|‪|𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥+1‬‬ ‫‪−𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0‬‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬
‫) 𝑔𝐶(‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪18‬‬
‫‪)I‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑔‬ ‫)‪𝑔(−1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 𝑔(−1) = (−1)3 + 3(−1) + 4 = 0
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−1))(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
1 0 3 4
−1 0 −1 1 −4
1 −1 4 0
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−1))(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4)
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ℝ B
𝑥+1=0
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4) = 0 ⟹ {
𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥+1=0
Δ = (−1)2 − 4(4)(1) = −15 < 0 ℝ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4 = 0

𝑔(𝑥) -
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 +
)II
A
−𝑥∙𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = /
(1+𝑥 2 )2
−3𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥(2 − 𝑥 3 ) −3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 4 −𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
−𝑥(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 4) −𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
= =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
𝑓 /
-
−𝑥 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞
3
−𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥→−∞

−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 > 0
(−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

𝑥 −∞ −1 0 +∞
−𝑥 + + 0 −
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 + +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 0 + 0 −
+∞ 2
𝑓(𝑥)
3
2
−∞

54
 (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) B
3 3 3
2−𝑥 2−𝑥 +𝑥+𝑥 2+𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ − (−𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
|𝑥|→+∞ |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥 2 |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥2 |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 0
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
𝑦 = −𝑥 (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -

2+𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
1 + 𝑥2
1 + 𝑥2 > 0
2+𝑥

2 + 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = −2

𝑥 −∞ −2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −2[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 = −2 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 ∈ ]−2; +∞[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝐿 C

1 + 𝜔2 1 1
𝐿=√ = =
2 − 𝜔3 3 √𝑓(𝜔)
√2 − 𝜔 2
1+𝜔
𝑥 ∈ [−2; −1] 𝑓

3 3
−2 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ −1 ⟹ 𝑓(−1) ≤ 𝑓(𝜔) ≤ 𝑓(−2) ⟹ ≤ 𝑓(𝜔) ≤ 2 ⟹ √ ≤ √𝑓(𝜔) ≤ √2
2 2

1 1 1 √2 2
⟹ ≤ ≤ ⟹ ≤𝐿≤√
√2 𝑓(𝜔) √3 2 3
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(Δ) (𝑇)

−𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = −1 ⟹ = −1 ⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 = −(1 + 𝑎2 )2
(1 + 𝑎2 )2
⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 = −(1 + 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 ) ⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 + 1 + 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 = 0
⟹ −𝑎2 − 4𝑎 + 1 = 0
𝑎2 = −2 + √5 𝑎1 = −2 − √5 Δ = (−4)2 − 4(−1)(1) = 20
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )

55
 -
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎1 )(𝑥 − 𝑎1 ) + 𝑓(𝑎1 ) = 𝑓 ′ (−2 − √5)(𝑥 + 2 + √5) + 𝑓(−2 − √5)
= −(𝑥 + 2 + √5) + 𝑓(−2 − √5) = −𝑥 − 2 − √5 + 𝑓(−2 − √5) ≈ −𝑥 − 0.12
(𝑇2 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎2 )(𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) + 𝑓(𝑎2 ) = 𝑓 ′ (−2 + √5)(𝑥 + 2 − √5) + 𝑓(−2 + √5)
= −(𝑥 + 2 − √5) + 𝑓(−2 + √5) = −𝑥 − 2 + √5 + 𝑓(−2 + √5) ≈ −𝑥 + 2.12
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 ) (Δ) E

(𝐸 ′ ) (𝐸) F
1 3
𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 … (𝐸)
2
1 3
𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 ⟹ −𝑥 3 = −2 + 2𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑥 2 ⟹ 2 − 𝑥 3 = 2𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑥 2
2
3 2)
2 − 𝑥3
⟹ 2 − 𝑥 = 2𝑚(1 + 𝑥 ⟹ = 2𝑚 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑚
1 + 𝑥2
𝑦 = 2𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
3 3
𝑚<4 2𝑚 < 2
3 3
𝑚=4 2𝑚 = 2
3 3
<𝑚<1 < 2𝑚 < 2
4 2
𝑚=1 2𝑚 = 2
𝑚>1 2𝑚 > 1
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚 … (𝐸 ′ )
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸 ′ )
𝑚 < −0.12
𝑚 = −0.12
−0.12 < 𝑚 < 0

56
 𝑚=0
0<𝑚<1
𝑚=1
1<𝑚<2
𝑚=2
2 < 𝑚 < 2.12
𝑚 = 2.12
𝑚 > 2.12
)III
ℎ A
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
(𝐶ℎ ) B
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = {
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
ℎ 𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
(𝐶ℎ ) -

19 ‫التمريـــــن‬
𝛽 𝛼 )I
𝑓(0) = −1
(0)2 + 𝛼(0) + 𝛽 𝛽
= −1 ⇒ = −1
2(0) − 2 −2
⇒ 𝛽=2
𝑓 ′ (0) = 0 𝑓 𝑓(0) = −1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
(2𝑥 + 𝛼)(2𝑥 − 2) − 2(𝑥 2 + 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝛼𝑥 − 2𝛼 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝛼𝑥 − 2𝛽
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2

57
 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝛼 − 2𝛽
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 ′ (0) = 0
2(0)2 − 4(0) − 2𝛼 − 2𝛽
= 0 ⇒ −2𝛼 − 2𝛽 = 0
(2(0) − 2)2
⇒ −2𝛼 = 2𝛽
⇒ 𝛼 = −𝛽
⇒ 𝛼 = −2

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2
𝛽 = −2 𝛼 = 1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = + = +∞
>
𝑥→1
>
𝑥 →1 2𝑥 − 2 0
𝑥=1 +∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = − = −∞
<
𝑥→1
<
𝑥 →1 2𝑥 − 2 0
𝑥=1 −∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) B
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 2𝑥 − 2
𝑥2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 2𝑥
𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 2
= +∞
𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 2
C
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
2𝑥 − 2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(2𝑥 − 2) + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2
2𝑎𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2
2𝑎𝑥 2 + (2𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑥 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2

1
2𝑎 = 1 𝑎=
2
{2𝑏 − 2𝑎 = −2 ⇒ 1
−2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2 𝑏=−
2
{ 𝑐=1

58
 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − +
2 2 2𝑥 − 2
±∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − ( 𝑥 − )]
𝑥→±∞ 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 𝑥 − + − 𝑥+ ]
𝑥→±∞ 2 2 2𝑥 − 2 2 2
1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 2𝑥 − 2
=0
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
1 1
𝑦(Δ) = 𝑥 −
2 2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
2𝑥 − 2
𝑥=1 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +

𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; 1[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •

𝑥 ∈ ]1; +∞[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
D
2𝑥(𝑥−2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥−2)2
/

′ (𝑥)
(2𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 2) − 2(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4
2
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
2
2𝑥 − 4𝑥
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 /
(2𝑥 − 2) > 0 2

2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

2𝑥 = 0 𝑥=0
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0 ⇒ { ⇒{
𝑥−2=0 𝑥=2

𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ 0 1 2 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − − 0 +
𝑓(𝑥) −1 +∞ +∞

59
 ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫𝜔‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫)‪(Δ‬‬ ‫‪𝑥=1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑦 = (1) − ⇒ 𝑦 = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪𝜔(1; 0‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜔‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫مركز التناظر‪:‬‬
‫نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼(‪ Ω‬مركز‬
‫تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي‪:‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 ‪2𝛼 −‬‬
‫{‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2‬‬
‫أو‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 +‬‬
‫{‬ ‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(𝛼 −‬‬
‫𝛽‪𝑓(𝛼 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝑥) = 2‬‬

‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥‬
‫[∞‪𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; 1[ ∪ ]1; +‬‬
‫‪𝑥<1‬‬ ‫‪𝑥>1‬‬
‫‪(−𝑥) > −1‬‬ ‫‪(−𝑥) < −1‬‬
‫‪(2(1) − 𝑥) > 1‬‬ ‫‪(2(1) − 𝑥) < 1‬‬
‫[∞‪(2(1) − 𝑥) ∈ ]−∞; 1[ ∪ ]1; +‬‬
‫𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 ‪(2(1) −‬‬

‫)𝑥(𝑓 ‪𝑓(2(1) − 𝑥) +‬‬

‫‪(2 − 𝑥)2 − 2(2 − 𝑥) + 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2(2 − 𝑥) − 2‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫‪4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 4 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪4 − 2𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫‪𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪−(2𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫‪2𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫)‪= 0 = 2(0‬‬
‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫𝜔‬
‫𝜔‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫)‪𝜔(1; 0‬‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫𝜔𝑦 = )𝑎(𝑓 ‪𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(𝑥𝜔 − 𝑎) +‬‬ ‫}‪𝑎 ∈ ℝ − {1‬‬

‫𝜔𝑦 = )𝑎(𝑓 ‪𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(𝑥𝜔 − 𝑎) +‬‬

‫‪⟹ 𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(1 − 𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑎) = 0‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
 2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) 2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 2
⟹ − 𝑎+ =0
(2𝑎 − 2)2 (2𝑎 − 2)2 2𝑎 − 2
2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) − 2𝑎2 (𝑎 − 2) + (𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 2)(2𝑎 − 2)
⟹ =0
(2𝑎 − 2)2
⟹ 2𝑎2 − 4𝑎 − 2𝑎3 + 4𝑎2 + 2𝑎3 − 2𝑎2 − 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 4𝑎 − 4 = 0
⟹ 4𝑎 − 4 = 0
⟹𝑎−1=0
⟹𝑎=1
𝜔 (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑎 ∉ ℝ − {1}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F

G
1
𝑦𝑚 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
𝑚 ∈] − ∞; −1[
𝑚 = −1
1
𝑚 ∈ ]−1; − 2[
1
𝑚 = −2
1
𝑚 ∈ ]− 2 ; 0[
𝑚=0
𝑚 ∈ ]0; +∞[
)III
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) B

ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
={
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
61
 ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) -

20 ‫التمريـــــن‬
 2 x2 
• lim f m ( x ) = lim  2  = 2 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) A
x →+ x →+
 x  |𝑥|→+∞

±∞ 𝑦=2 (𝐶𝑚 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) B
𝑥→−1
2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2 4−𝑚
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
)=
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1) 0+
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = +∞ 𝑚<4 4−𝑚 >0
𝑥→−1

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = −∞ 𝑚>4 4−𝑚 <0

𝑥→−1
(4−𝑚)𝑥−4+𝑚
𝑓′𝑚 (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)3
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1} C
(4𝑥 + 𝑚)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2)
2
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4
(4𝑥 + 𝑚)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓𝑚

(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ =0
(𝑥 + 1)3

(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 1

62
 (𝑥 + 1)3 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ −1

𝑚<4 4−𝑚 >0

𝑥 −∞ −1 1 +∞
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 − − 0 +
(𝑥 + 1)3 − + +
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) + − 0 +
+∞ +∞ 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥)
2 𝑓(1)
𝑚>4 4−𝑚 <0
𝑥 −∞ −1 1 +∞
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 + + 0 −
(𝑥 + 1)3 − + +
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) − + 0 −
2 𝑓(1)
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 2
Ω (𝐶𝑚 ) D
Ω(1; 𝑓𝑚 (1)) 1 (𝐶𝑚 )
𝜔 (𝐶𝑚 ) E
2x2 + 2
f0 ( x ) = 𝑚=0
( x − 1)
3

2x2 + x + 2
f1 ( x ) = 𝑚=1
( x − 1)
3

2𝑥 2 + 2 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
𝑓0 (𝑥) = 𝑓1 (𝑥) ⟹ =
(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 − 1)3
⟹ 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
⟹𝑥=0
𝜔(0; 2) 𝜔(0; 𝑓𝑚 (0)) (𝐶𝑚 )
(𝐶𝑚 ) F
(𝑥𝑥 ′ )
2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)2
Δ = 𝑚2 − 4(2)(2) = 𝑚2 − 16 = (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4)
𝑚 −∞ −4 4 +∞
2
𝑚 − 16 + 0 − +
𝑚 ∈ ]−∞; −4[ ∪ ]4; +∞[ (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) > 0 Δ>0 ♦
−m − ( m + 4 )( m − 4 ) −m + ( m + 4 )( m − 4 )
x2 = ; x1 = 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0
4 4

63
 ‫‪𝑚 = −4‬‬ ‫‪(𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) = 0‬‬ ‫‪Δ=0‬‬ ‫♦‬
‫‪−m‬‬
‫‪𝑥=1‬‬ ‫=‪x‬‬ ‫‪𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫[‪𝑚 ∈ ]−4; 4‬‬ ‫‪(𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) < 0‬‬ ‫‪Δ<0‬‬ ‫♦‬
‫‪𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0‬‬
‫) ‪(𝑦𝑦 ′‬‬
‫‪2(0)2 + (0) + 2‬‬
‫= )‪𝑓𝑚 (0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫)‪((0) − 1‬‬
‫}‪(𝐶𝑚 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {2‬‬
‫) ‪(𝐶0‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬
‫‪𝑚=0‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓𝑚′‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)𝑥( 𝑚𝑓‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫التمريـــــن ‪21‬‬
‫𝑎 𝑏 𝑐‬ ‫‪)I‬‬
‫)‪𝐴(0; −4‬‬ ‫‪(𝐷): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1‬‬ ‫)𝐷(‬ ‫) 𝑓𝐶(‬
‫‪𝑓(0) = −4‬‬
‫‪{ ′‬‬
‫‪𝑓 (0) = −4‬‬
‫𝑐‬
‫⟹ ‪𝑓(0) = −4‬‬ ‫‪= −4 ⟹ 𝑐 = 4‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬

‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫)𝑐 ‪(2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(𝑥 − 1)2‬‬

‫)‪′ (0‬‬
‫)𝑐 ‪(2𝑎(0) + 𝑏)(0 − 1) − (𝑎(0)2 + 𝑏(0) +‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫⟹ ‪= −4‬‬ ‫‪= −4‬‬
‫‪(0 − 1)2‬‬
‫‪⟹ −𝑏 − 𝑐 = −4 ⟹ −𝑏 − 4 = −4 ⟹ 𝑏 = 0‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4
𝑓(4) = −4
2
𝑎(4) + 𝑏(4) + 𝑐
𝑓(4) = −4 ⟹ = −4 ⟹ 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 = −12
4−1
⟹ 16𝑎 + 4(0) + 4 = −12 ⟹ 16𝑎 = −16 ⟹ 𝑎 = −1
)II
𝑓 A
4 − 𝑥2 −𝑥 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 − 1 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥→−∞
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞
4 − 𝑥2 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = + = +∞
>
𝑥→1
>
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 0
2
4−𝑥 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = − = −∞
<
𝑥→1
<
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 0
±∞ 𝑥=1 (𝐶𝑓 )
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥−1 𝐷𝑓 𝑥 B
2
(−𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1) + 3 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 + 3 4 − 𝑥 2
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 1 + = = = = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )

3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (−𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]=0
|𝑥|→+∞ |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 − 1
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -
3
𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 − 1) =
𝑥−1
𝑥≠1 𝑥−1≠0
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
−𝑥 2 +2𝑥−4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥−1)2
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 C
−2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − (4 − 𝑥 2 ) −2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 + 𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = =
(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)2
𝑓
−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (𝑥 − 1)2 > 0
Δ = 22 − 4(−1)(−4) = −12 < 0
𝐷𝑓 (−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4)
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − −
+∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛺(1; −2) D
65
 (2 − 𝑥) ∈ 𝐷𝑓 •
−𝑥 < −1 −𝑥 > −1 𝑥>1 𝑥<1 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓
(2 − 𝑥) ∈ 𝐷𝑓 2−𝑥 <1 2−𝑥 >1
𝑓(2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = −4 •
3 3 3 3
𝑓(2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = −(2 − 𝑥) − 1 + −𝑥−1+ = −4 + +
2−𝑥−1 𝑥−1 −𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1
3 3
= −4 − + = −4
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) Ω(1; −2)
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
•
4 − 𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 4 − 𝑥 2 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 4 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 = −2
𝑥−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑥𝑥 ′ ) = {−2; 2}
•
4 − 02
𝑓(0) = = −4
0−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {−4}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F

G
4 − 𝑥2
𝑥 2 − 4 + (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑚 − 1) = 0 ⟹ (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑚 − 1) = 4 − 𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚
𝑥−1
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑚 < −1
𝑚 = −1
𝑚 > −1
)III
ℎ A

66
 4 − (−𝑥)2 4 − 𝑥 2
ℎ(−𝑥) = = = ℎ(𝑥)
1 − |−𝑥| 1 − |𝑥|
ℎ
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B

4 − 𝑥2 4 − |𝑥|2 −𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ(𝑥) = =− = −𝑓(|𝑥|) = {
1 − |𝑥| |𝑥| − 1 −𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ ) 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ

22 ‫التمريـــــن‬
)I
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 A
𝑆𝑓(𝑥)=0 = {0; 2}
𝑓 B
𝑥 −1 0 2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 0 + 0 −
𝑓′ C
1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 −
𝑓 D
1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞
1
𝑓 (2)
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ 𝑎
1
𝑓 ′ (0) 𝑓′ (2) 𝑓(2) 𝑓(0) E
𝑓(0) = 0
𝑓(2) = 0
1
𝑓′ ( ) = 0
2
2 − (−2) 4
𝑓 ′ (0) = = =2
1 − (−1) 2
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 F

𝑐
𝑓(0) = 0 ⟹ =0
1
⟹ 𝑐=0

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2

67
 4𝑎 + 2𝑏
𝑓(2) = 0 ⟹ =0
9
⟹ 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 0
⟹ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 … (∗)

(2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 1)2 − 2(𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4

𝑓 ′ (0) = 2 ⟹ 𝑏 = 2
(∗) 𝑏
𝑎 = −1

−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑐 = 0 𝑏 = 2 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→+∞
𝑥→−1
−𝑥 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−1)
𝑥→+∞
= −1
+∞ 𝑦 = −1 (𝐶𝑓 ) •
−3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) =
>
𝑥→−1 0+
= −∞
−∞ 𝑥 = −1 (𝐶𝑓 ) •
2(1−2𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑥+1)3 𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ B
(−2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(𝑥 + 1)(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4
(−2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
−2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
2
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2 − 4𝑥
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2(1 − 2𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 C
𝑥 > −1 (𝑥 + 1)3 > 0

1
1 − 2𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2

1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞

68
 ‫)𝑥( ‪𝑓 ′‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪𝑓 (2‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬
‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪)III‬‬
‫𝑓 )𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫)𝑥(𝑓)𝑥( ‪ℎ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑓 ′‬‬

‫)𝑥( ‪ℎ′‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫𝑓‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫)𝑥(𝑓‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪ℎ′‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬

‫)𝑥()𝑓 ∘ 𝑢( = ‪ℎ(𝑥) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2‬‬

‫‪𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥 2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑖𝑙‬
‫>‬
‫∞‪𝑓(𝑥) = −‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪{ 𝑥→−1‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑖𝑙 ⟹‬
‫>‬
‫∞‪ℎ(𝑥) = +‬‬
‫∞‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢(𝑥) = +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫∞‪𝑥→−‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = −1‬‬
‫∞‪• {𝑥→+‬‬ ‫‪⟹ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ(𝑥) = 1‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢(𝑥) = 1‬‬ ‫∞‪𝑥→+‬‬
‫‪𝑥→−1‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫)𝑥( ‪′‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪ℎ (2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)𝑥(‪ℎ‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫♥ ال تنسونا من صالح دعائكم ♥‬

‫‪69‬‬