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النهايات والسلوك التقاربي للسنة ثانية ثانوي الاستاذ قويسم ابراهيم1674842878
النهايات والسلوك التقاربي للسنة ثانية ثانوي الاستاذ قويسم ابراهيم1674842878
.1 ُ
ملخص حول محور النهايات
◄ تعيين النهايات عند أطرف مجموعة التعريف:
◄
𝑎
)𝑎(𝑓 = )𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙
𝑎→𝑥
𝑎 𝑓
∞+ 𝑥 𝑥 ⟼ sin
3
◄
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ((𝑥 2 − 1)√−𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ((𝑥 2 )√−𝑥 3 ) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞
∞ ∞
◄
2 2
3𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 10 3𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 3
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
-2
f ( x)
𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑔(𝑥0 ) = 0 lim
g ( x)
x→a
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )𝑄(𝑥) 𝑔 𝑓
◄
4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7 (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7) 4𝑥 + 7 11
lim ( 2 ) = lim ( ) = lim ( )=
𝑥→1 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 4
◄
3 2
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4) 2
𝑥 +8 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4
lim ( 2
) = lim ( ) = lim ( ) = −3
𝑥→−2 𝑥 −4 𝑥→−2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥→−2 𝑥−2
𝑄(𝑥)
1
◄
(𝑥 − 1)𝑄(𝑥) 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑄(𝑥)
(𝑥 − 1)𝑄(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + (𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑥 − 𝑏
𝑎=4
𝑎=4
4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7 = (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7) { {𝑏 − 𝑎 = 3
𝑏=7
−𝑏 = −4
2
◄
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )𝑄(𝑥) 3
𝑥 +8
3
𝑥 +8 −2
3
𝑥 +8 𝑥+2
3 2 2
−𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4
−2𝑥 2 + 8
+2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
+4𝑥 + 8
−4𝑥 − 8
0
3 2
𝑥 + 8 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4)
4
3
◄
𝑥0 = 1 4 𝑥2 + ⏟
𝑝(𝑥) = ⏟ ⏟ = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)
3 𝑥 −7
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝛽 𝛼
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
4 3 −7 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑥0 = 1 0 4 7 𝑥0
4 7 0 𝑄(𝑥)
𝛼 𝛽
𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 7)
𝑥0 = 2 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛾)
𝛾 𝛽 𝛼
1 −1 −4 4
𝑝(𝑥)
𝑥0 = 2 0 2 2 −4
𝑥0
1 1 −2 0
𝑄(𝑥)
𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
-3
◄
√𝑥 − 1 − 1 (√𝑥 − 1 − 1)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1) 𝑥−2
lim ( ) = lim ( ) = lim ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 (𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1) 𝑥→2 (𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 − 1 + 1)
1 1
= lim ( )=
𝑥→2 √𝑥 − 1 + 1 2
◄
√5 − 𝑥 − 2 (√5 − 𝑥 − 2)(√5 − 𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3)
lim ( ) = lim ( )
𝑥→1 √𝑥 + 8 − 3 𝑥→1 (√𝑥 + 8 − 3)(√5 − 𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3)
(1 − 𝑥)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3) √𝑥 + 8 + 3 3
= lim ( ) = lim (− )= −
𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 8 + 3) 𝑥→1 √5 − 𝑥 + 2 2
∞ 𝑥
𝑥
5
◄
√𝑥 2 = |𝑥| √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
𝑓
4𝑥 4𝑥 − 3
√4𝑥 2 = 2|𝑥| √4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑔
−𝑥 −𝑥 + 2
◄
(𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
lim (𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = lim ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ (𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
𝑥+3
= lim
𝑥→+∞ 1 2
|𝑥|√(1 +
(𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ))
3
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)
= lim
𝑥→+∞ 1 1 2
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 + √(1 + 𝑥 − 2 ))
( 𝑥 )
3
1+𝑥 1
= lim =
𝑥→+∞ 1 √ 1 2 2
( 1 + + (1 + − 2 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 )
◄
1 2
lim (2𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = lim (2𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥 2 (1 + − ))
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2
1 2
= lim (2𝑥 + 1 + |𝑥|√1 + − )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2
1 2
= lim (2𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥√1 + − )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥2
1 1 2
= lim 𝑥 2 + − √1 + − 2 = −∞
⏟ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→−∞
→1
( ( ))
-4
f ( x ) − f ( )
lim
x →a
x −
f ( x ) − f ( )
lim = f ' ( ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )
x →a
x −
6
◄
√𝑥 − 1 − 1
lim ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
1
𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1 ; 𝑓(2) = 1 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
2√𝑥 − 1
√𝑥 − 1 − 1 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(2) 1
lim ( ) = lim ( ) = 𝑓 ′ (2) =
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2 2
◄
sin(𝑥)
lim ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞
𝑥→∞
𝑓(𝑥)
∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 𝛼 ; (𝛼 ∈ ℝ∗ )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
{ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝛼𝑥] = 𝛽
𝑥→∞
7
◄
x + 2x + 2
2
= )f ( x 𝑓
1 − x2
}𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − {−1; 1
𝑥2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = −1
∞|𝑥|→+ 𝑥|𝑥|→+∞ −
1
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • = )𝑥(𝑓 ∞= −
<
𝑥→−1 0−
1
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • ∞𝑓(𝑥) = + = +
>
𝑥→−1 0
𝑥 = −1 𝑓
5
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • = )𝑥(𝑓 ∞= +
<
𝑥 →1 0+
5
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • )𝑥(𝑓 = ∞= −
>
𝑥 →1 0−
𝑥=1 𝑓
8
.2
أسئلة متنوعة في دراسة الدوال واإلجابة عنها
9
السلوك التقاربي | المستقيمات المقاربة | الوضعية النسبية
) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑎=𝑥 ∞𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = ±
𝒂→𝒙
𝑏=𝑦 ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝒃 = )𝒙(𝒇 𝐦𝐢𝐥
∞𝒙→±
) 𝑓𝐶(
∞± 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝟎 = ])𝒃 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝒇(𝒙) − (𝒂𝒙 +
∞𝒙→±
𝒃 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 +
lim [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] = 0
∞→𝑥 ) 𝒇𝑪(
) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑦 𝑑(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) −
𝒃 (∆): 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 + )∆(
)∆( (𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) > 0
♦
)∆( (𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) = 0
) 𝒇𝑪( ) 𝒈𝑪(
)∆( (𝐶𝑓 ) ⟺ 𝑑(𝑥) < 0
)𝒙(𝒈 𝒅(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) −
10
عناصر تناظر منحنى | شفعية دالة
11
المماســـــــات
)𝒃 ;𝒂(𝝎
)𝒂(𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒇′ (𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒂) +
𝑏 = )𝑎(𝑓 𝑎
𝒃 ) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑎
𝐵𝑦 𝑦𝐴 −
= )𝑥( 𝑓 ′ = )𝒂( 𝒇′
𝐵𝑥 𝑥𝐴 −
= ) 𝟎𝒙( 𝒇′ ♦
𝐴 𝐵
𝑎
𝛼()𝑎( ′ )𝜷 ;𝜶(𝑨 ) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑓=𝛽 )𝑎(𝑓 − 𝑎) +
𝑎
) 𝒇𝑪(
)𝑎( ′
1
𝑓 =− 𝜷 𝒚 = 𝜶𝒙 +
𝛼
12
إيجاد عبارة ) 𝑥(𝑓 بثوابت مجهولة ) … (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐,
) … (𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄,
) … (𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄,
) 𝟎𝒚 ; 𝟎𝒙(𝑨 ) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑦0
{ ′ 0 ) 𝟎𝒚 ; 𝟎𝒙(𝑨 ) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑓 (𝑥0 ) = 0
𝟎𝒙 ) 𝒇𝑪(
𝑘 𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑚𝑥0 +
{
𝑚 = ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 𝒌 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 +
𝑎−
) ( ⃗𝑣 ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶( 𝒃 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒂) +
𝑏
) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶( )𝒙(𝒇𝒈(𝒙) = −
𝑔
𝑥≥0 ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶( )|𝒙|(𝒇 = )𝒙(𝒈
𝑥≤0 ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶(
13
.3
التمارين
التمريـــــن 01
𝑓
𝑛1+2+3+⋯+ )𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ) B ∞𝑥→−
A
∞𝑛→+ 𝑛
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ) D 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ( ) C
∞𝑥→− 𝑥−2 >
𝑥 →2 𝑥−2
التمريـــــن 02
𝑓
𝑥−5
𝑚𝑖𝑙
>
( ) B )𝑥 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 + A
2 ∞𝑥→−
𝑥 →5 √𝑥 − 25
𝑥1−
𝑚𝑖𝑙 √ 𝑥( ) F )𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2 E
>
𝑥→−1 𝑥1+ ∞𝑥→+
التمريـــــن 03
𝑓
)𝑥sin(−2 𝑥 sin
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ) D ( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ) C
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 −
1
التمريـــــن 04
𝑓
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 3 + B 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 sin2 𝑥 + 1 A
التمريـــــن 05
التمريـــــن 06
2
التمريـــــن 07
التمريـــــن 08
التمريـــــن 09
3
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 𝑔(−2) B
𝑔(𝑥) C
ℝ − {−1} 𝑓 )II
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
A
2𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 B
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
D
(Δ) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
−0.2 𝛼 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐸) 𝑚 F
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) ℝ 𝑥 ℎ )III
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B
10 التمريـــــن
ℝ − {2} 𝑓
2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑦=𝑥−3 (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 A
3
𝑓 B
𝑀1 (−3) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
(𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) 𝑀2
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) D
𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 𝑚 = 0 𝑚 E
ℝ − {−2; 2} 𝑔 F
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
𝑔 /أ
(𝐶𝑔 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑔 (𝐶𝑔 ) /ب
11 التمريـــــن
4
}ℝ − {−1 𝑓
2
𝑥 +𝑥−3
= )𝑥(𝑓
𝑥+1
)⃗𝑗 (𝑂; 𝑖⃗, ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑓 A
−1 𝑥 B
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
𝑥+1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
) 𝑓𝐶( C
) 𝑓𝐶( D
) 𝑓𝐶( E
التمريـــــن 12
التمريـــــن 13
5
𝑓 /ب
0 (𝑇) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; −2) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇) (Δ) F
14 التمريـــــن
ℝ 𝑓
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑏
3
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑏 𝑎
−8 3 𝑓 𝑏 𝑎 )I
𝑏 = 1 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑓 A
𝑓(−2) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(0) 𝑓(5) B
1 𝐴 (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) C
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇) E
15 التمريـــــن
ℝ 𝑓
2
𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
7
𝐴 (0; 2) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑏 𝑎 A
𝑓(𝑥)
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 +
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
𝑓 B
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
(𝐶𝑓 ) D
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 F
𝜔 (𝑇) G
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝑇) H
6
التمريـــــن 16
A
𝐼 𝑓 /
𝑓 /
[∞[0; + 𝑔 B
4
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
𝑥+1
) 𝑔𝐶(
∞+ 𝑔 /
∞+ )(Δ ) 𝑔𝐶( /
𝑔 /
}ℝ − {−1 𝑘 )II
4
𝑘(𝑥) = |𝑥| +
𝑥+1
)𝑥(𝑘 A
𝑥0 = 0 𝑘 ) (Δ2 ) (Δ1 B
) (𝐶𝑘 ) (Δ2 ) (Δ1 C
التمريـــــن 17
18 التمريـــــن
ℝ 𝑔 )I
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 4
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(−1) A
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ℝ B
ℝ 𝑓 )II
2 − 𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥) =
1 + 𝑥2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
A
/
−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
𝑓 /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 = −𝑥 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) B
𝐿 𝜔 ∈ [−2; −1] C
1 + 𝜔2
𝐿=√
2 − 𝜔3
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 ) (Δ) E
(𝐸 ′ ) (𝐸) 𝑚 F
1 3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚 … (𝐸 ′ ) ; 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 … (𝐸)
2
ℝ − {1} ℎ )III
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B
19 التمريـــــن
8
ℝ − {1} 𝑓 )I
2
𝑥 + 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽
𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2
(𝑂; 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛽 𝛼
(0; −1) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛽 𝛼 •
𝛽 = 2 𝛼 = −2 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) B
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞
C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 2𝑥−2 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
D
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {1} /
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 /
E
𝑥=1 (Δ) 𝜔 /
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 /
𝜔 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 + 𝑚 𝑚 G
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) ℝ − {1} ℎ )III
ℎ A
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B
20 التمريـــــن
ℝ − {−1} 𝑓𝑚 4 𝑚
2
2𝑥 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(O; i, j ) (𝐶𝑚 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) A
|𝑥|→+∞
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) 𝑚 B
𝑥→−1
C
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1} /
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚
𝑓′𝑚 (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)3
9
𝑓𝑚 𝑚 /
Ω (𝐶𝑚 ) D
𝜔 (𝐶𝑚 ) E
(𝐶𝑚 ) F
(𝐶0 ) G
21 التمريـــــن
𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − {1} 𝐷𝑓 𝑓
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎
(𝑂, 𝑖⃗; 𝑗⃗) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐷): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1 (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 )I
𝐴(0; −4)
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4
4−𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = )II
𝑥−1
𝑓 A
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 B
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥−1
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 C
−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 − 1)2
𝑓
(𝐶𝑓 ) Ω(1; −2) D
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
𝑥 2 − 4 + (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 𝑚 G
ℝ − {−1; 1} ℎ )III
2
4−𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) =
1 − |𝑥|
ℎ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1; 1} A
(𝐶ℎ ) (𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B
10
22 التمريـــــن
ax 2 + bx + c
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 f ( x) = ]−1; +∞[ 𝑓
( x + 1)
2
(O; i, j ) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 )
1
0 𝜔 𝑂 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 )
2
)I
A
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
𝑓 B
𝑓′ C
𝑓 D
1
𝑓 ′ (0) f ' 𝑓(2) 𝑓(0) E
2
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 F
𝑐 = 0 𝑏 = 2 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→+∞
𝑥→−1
2 (1 − 2 x )
f '( x) = 𝑥 > −1 B
( x + 1)
3
11
𝑓 C
ℎ(𝑥) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2 [∞]−1; + ℎ )III
)𝑥( ℎ′ )𝑥( 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ )𝑥( ℎ′ A
ℎ B
ℎ C
بالتوفيق
♥ ال تنسونا من صالح دعائكم ♥
األستاذ :قويسم براهيم الخليل
12
.4
-حلول مقترحة- الحلول
التمريـــــن 01
𝑓
14
التمريـــــن 02
𝑓
1 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (|𝑥|√3 + )𝑥 + +
∞𝑥→− 𝑥 𝑥2
1 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥√3 + )𝑥 + +
∞𝑥→− 𝑥 𝑥2
1 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 (√3 + ))+ − 1
∞𝑥→− 𝑥 𝑥2
15
D
√𝑥 2 (4 + 52 )
√4𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
( )
5
|𝑥|√4 + 2
𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
( )
5
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√4 + )
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥2
= √4
=2
E (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 2) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑥 2 + 1 − √𝑥 2 + 1√𝑥 2 + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 1√𝑥 2 + 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
−1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ (√𝑥 2 + 1 + √𝑥 2 + 2)
=0
F 1−𝑥 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 √ ) = −√ +
>
𝑥→−1 1+𝑥 0
= −∞
03 التمريـــــن
𝑓
A cos 𝑥 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
𝑔(0) = 1
16
B 𝑥√𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4√𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→4 𝑥−4
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 √𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4√𝑥
𝑥 4
𝑔′ (𝑥) = √𝑥 + −4+
2√𝑥 2√𝑥
3𝑥 − 8√𝑥 + 4
=
2√𝑥
𝑔(4) = 0
C sin 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 − 𝜋
𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = cos 𝑥
𝑔(𝜋) = 0
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑥→𝜋 𝑥−𝜋
𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝜋)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥−𝜋
= 𝑔′ (𝜋)
= −1
D sin(−2𝑥)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = sin(−2𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = −2 cos 𝑥
𝑔(𝜋) = 0
sin(−2𝑥) sin(−2𝑥) − 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥−0
𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥
= 𝑔′ (0)
= −2
17
E √𝑥 + 3 − 3
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 )
𝑥→6 𝑥−6
𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3
1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2√𝑥+3
𝑔(6) = 3
F 1
𝑚𝑖𝑙
<
( )
2
𝑥 𝑥 →1 √1 −
𝑡 = 𝑥2
𝑡→1 𝑥2 → 1
1 1
𝑚𝑖𝑙
<
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )
<
( )
𝑥 →1 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑡→1 𝑡 √1 −
𝑡 √1 −
𝑚𝑖𝑙 =
<
( )
𝑡→1 𝑡 √1 − 𝑡 × √1 −
𝑡 √1 −
𝑚𝑖𝑙 = ( )
<
𝑡→1 𝑡1−
𝑡 √1 −
𝑚𝑖𝑙 = (− )
<
𝑡→1 𝑡−1
𝑡 𝑔(𝑡) = √1 −
−1
𝑡𝑔′ (𝑡) = 2√1−
𝑔(1) = 0
التمريـــــن 04
𝑓
2 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 3 + A
= )𝑥( 𝑓 ′ +1
2√2𝑥 − 3
1 + √2𝑥 − 3
=
√2𝑥 − 3
18
1 √𝑥 − 4 B
(𝑥 − 1) − (√𝑥 − 4) 𝑓(𝑥) =
′ (𝑥) 2√𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑓 =
(𝑥 − 1)2
𝑥 − 1 − 2𝑥 + 8√𝑥
2 √𝑥
=
(𝑥 − 1)2
8 √𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
=
2√𝑥(𝑥 − 1)2
′ (𝑥)
2𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) − 2𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 2 𝑥2 E
𝑓 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
(𝑥 2 − 4)2 𝑥 −4
2𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 3
3
=
(𝑥 2 − 4)2
−8𝑥
= 2
(𝑥 − 4)2
2 1 √2𝑥 − 2 F
√𝑥 + 3 − √2𝑥 − 2 𝑓(𝑥) =
′ (𝑥) 2√2𝑥 − 2 2√𝑥 + 3
𝑓 = √𝑥 + 3
𝑥+3
√𝑥 + 3 √2𝑥 − 2
−
√2𝑥 − 2 2√𝑥 + 3
=
𝑥+3
2(𝑥 + 3) − (2𝑥 − 2)
2√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥+3
𝑥+3−𝑥+1
√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥+3
4
=
(𝑥 + 3)√(2𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
05 التمريـــــن
(𝑑) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) )I
19
𝑥−3 A
= )𝑥(𝑓
𝑥−3 −2 𝑥+1
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • )𝑥(𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ( ) = ∞= −
>
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1
> 0+
𝑥−3 −2
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 ( ∞) = − = +
𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1 0
< <
𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 ∞± ) 𝑓𝐶(
4 C
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
4 4 𝑥+1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 + [ 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = ]𝑥 − ]=0
∞𝑥→± ∞𝑥→± 𝑥+1 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 + 1
𝑥=𝑦 ∞± ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 )II
𝑐 )𝑥(𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
= )𝑥(𝑔 { 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑔(𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑥+ ∞|𝑥|→+
∞± 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + ) 𝑓𝐶(
∞± 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2 ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 + 𝑏=2 𝑎 = −1
𝑑𝑥+
𝑥 = −1 ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑚𝑖𝑙
>
∞𝑓(𝑥) = +
𝑥→−1
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥+1 𝑑=1 −1 + 𝑑 = 0
)(0; 0 ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑐
𝑓(0) = 0 ⟹ −(0) + 2 + = 0 ⟹ 2 + 𝑐 = 0 ⟹ 𝑐 = −2
0+1
2
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥+1
التمريـــــن 06
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 A
𝑑𝑐𝑥+
(𝑥+1)2
20
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 3 + 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 3 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎=1 𝑎=1
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3 𝑏=1
{ ⇒{
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 6 𝑐=3
𝑏+𝑑 =3 𝑑=2
3𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
±∞ (𝑑) 𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) B
3𝑥 + 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 + 1 + − (𝑥 + 1)]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
3𝑥 + 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
3𝑥 + 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1
3𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥
3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥
=0
𝑦(𝑑) =𝑥+1 ±∞ (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
3𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 1) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
2
3𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
3
2
𝑥 −∞ −1 − +∞
3
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑑) − − 0 +
-
2
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; − 3[ (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
2
𝑥 = −3 (𝑑) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
21
2
[∞𝑥 ∈ ]− 3 ; + )𝑑( ) 𝑓𝐶( •
التمريـــــن 07
𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑥+2 }𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−2 𝑎 A
𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) +
𝑥+2
2
𝑎
= 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5 +
𝑥+2
𝑎 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 2) +
=
𝑥+2
𝑎 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10 +
=
𝑥+2
𝑎 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 10 +
=
𝑥+2
10 + 𝑎 = 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = −9
9
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) −
𝑥+2
])𝑥(𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − B
∞𝑥→+
9
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [− ]=0
∞|𝑥|→+ ∞|𝑥|→+ 𝑥+2
-
∞± 𝑔 𝑓
التمريـــــن 08
)I
𝐴 𝐵 A
𝐴 𝐶 ) (𝑇1
) (𝑇1 )𝐶𝐴(
)𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 ) = (−
𝐶𝐴 ⇒ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 − 0
𝐶𝐴
−4 − 1 −5 𝑎
) (𝑇1
22
(𝑇1 ): −5𝑥 + (−1)𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
(𝑇1 ) 𝐴
−5(0) − (1) + 𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 = 1
(𝑇1 ): −5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 1
𝐶 𝐵 (𝑇2 )
(𝑇2 ) (𝐵𝐶)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 − 2 ) ⇒ 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−1) = (−𝑏)
−4 − 3 −7 𝑎
(𝑇2 )
(𝑇2 ): −7𝑥 + (1)𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
(𝑇2 ) 𝐵
−7(2) + (3) + 𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 = 11
(𝑇2 ): −7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 11 = 0
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 11
𝑓 ′ (2) 𝑓 ′ (0) B
𝑀 𝑀 𝑓
𝑓 ′ (2) = 7 𝑓 ′ (0) = −5
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 C
𝑓 ′ (0) = −5 𝐵(2; 3) 𝐴(0; 1) 𝑓
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1
𝑓 D
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 = 0 ⇒ 6𝑥 − 5 = 0
5
⇒𝑥=
6
𝑂 (𝐶𝑓 ) E
𝑂 𝑂(0; 0) (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)(𝑥𝑂 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦𝑂 ⇒ (6𝑥 − 5)(0 − 𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0 2
⇒ −6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ −3𝑥 2 + 1 = 0
1
⇒ 𝑥2 =
3
23
1
√=𝑥 √3
3 =𝑥
3
⇒ ⇒
1 √3
√𝑥 = − {𝑥 = − 3
{ 3
√3 √3
) (𝑇4 ) (𝑇3 𝑂 (− ) ) 𝑓𝐶(
3 3
) (𝑇3 -
√3 √3 √3
) ( 𝑓 (𝑇3 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ) +
3 3 3
2
√3 √3 √3 √3
= (6 ( ) − 5) (𝑥 − ) + 3 ( ) − 5 ( ) + 1
3 3 3 3
5√3 5√3
= 2√3𝑥 − 2 − 5𝑥 + +1− +1
3 3
𝑥)= (2√3 − 5
) (𝑇4 -
√3 √3 √3
(𝑇4 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (− ) ) (𝑥 + ) + 𝑓 (−
3 3 3
2
√3 √3 √3 √3
= (6 (− ) − 5) (𝑥 + ) + 3 (− ) − 5 (− ) + 1
3 3 3 3
5√3 5√3
= −2√3𝑥 − 2 − 5𝑥 − +1+ +1
3 3
𝑥)= −(2√3 + 5
5
) 𝑓𝐶( 𝑥=6 F
محور تناظر:
إلثبات أن المستقيم ذو المعادلة 𝑎 = 𝑥 محور تناظر لـ ) 𝑓𝐶( نبين ما يلي:
5
(2 (6) − 𝑥) ∈ ℝ (−𝑥) ∈ ℝ 𝑥∈ℝ 𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥
5 5
)𝑥 𝑓 (2 ( ) − 𝑥) = 𝑓 ( −
6 3
2
5 5
= 3 ( − 𝑥) − 5 ( − 𝑥) + 1
3 3
2
5 5 25
= 3 ( ) − 6 ( ) 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − + 5𝑥 + 1
3 3 3
25 25
= − 10𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − + 5𝑥 + 1
3 3
= 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1
24
= 𝑓(𝑥)
5
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥=6
)II
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 3(−𝑥)2 − 5|−𝑥| + 1
= 3𝑥 2 − 5|𝑥| + 1
= ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥) B
ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5|𝑥| + 1
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑥≥0
={ 2
3(−𝑥) − 5(−𝑥) + 1 ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥≥0
={
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) C
𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ ) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥≥0
ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) -
09 التمريـــــن
)III
𝑔 A
′ (𝑥) 2
𝑔 = 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3
= 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)
= 3(𝑥 + 1)2
25
𝑔′ (𝑥) > 0
ℝ 𝑔
𝑔(−2) B
𝑔(−2) = (−2)3 2
+ 3(−2) + 3(−2) + 2 = 0
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 -
𝑔(𝑥) (−2)
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−2))(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
= 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏
= 𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 2) + (𝑏 + 2𝑎)𝑥 + 2𝑏
𝑎+2=3
𝑎=1
{𝑏 + 2𝑎 = 3 ⇒ {
𝑏=1
2𝑏 = 2
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥+2=0
⇒{
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Δ = 1 − 4 = −3 < 0 Δ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0)
ℝ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) > 0
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = −2
𝑔(𝑥) C
𝑥 −∞ −2 +∞
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 +
)IV
2𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)3 A
(6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 1)2 − 2(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4
(6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
6𝑥 3 + 14𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8 − 4𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2𝑔(𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 B
-
3 2 3
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 2𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥2 𝑥→−∞
26
2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞ (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑥→+∞
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 −1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
) = − 2 = −∞
<
𝑥→−1
<
𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1) (0 )
3 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 2 −1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = = −∞
>
𝑥→−1
>
𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1)2 (0+ )2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -
(𝑥 + 1)3 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒𝑥+1=0
⇒ 𝑥 = −1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 +∞
2𝑔(𝑥) − 0 + +
(𝑥 + 1)3 − − +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − +
𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − +
−2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ −∞
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + (𝑥+1)2 C
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎𝑥 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏) + 𝑏 + 𝑐
3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑎=2
𝑎=2
{ +𝑏 =7⇒{ 𝑏 =3
2𝑎
𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 8
𝑐 = −1
𝑏+𝑐 =2
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 −
(𝑥 + 1)2
D
𝑓 (𝐶𝑓 ) /
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 −∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
27
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (2𝑥 + 3)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [2𝑥 + 3 − − (2𝑥 + 3)]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
−1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ (𝑥 + 1)2
=0
𝑦(Δ) = 2𝑥 + 3 ±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
−1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) ) < 0 (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
−∞ 𝑥 = −1 •
𝑦(Δ) = 2𝑥 + 3 (Δ) •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛼 •
(−2; −2) •
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑓
28
F
𝑦𝑚 = 2𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
𝑚<2
𝑚=2
2<𝑚<3
𝑚≥3
)V
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
(𝐶ℎ ) B
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥≥0
𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
ℎ
29
التمريـــــن 10
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 C
3 𝑦 =𝑥−3 ) 𝑓𝐶(
2
𝑐 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 +
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 − (𝑥 − 3)) = 0
∞{𝑥→+ 𝑥−2
𝑓 ′ (3) = 0
′ (𝑥)
(2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 2) − 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
𝑓 =
(𝑥 − 2)2
2𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
2
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
2
𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
′ (3)
𝑎(3)2 − 4𝑎(3) − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
𝑓 =0⇒ 2 =0
((3) − 2)
⇒ 9𝑎 − 12𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0
⇒ −3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0
𝑏 𝑎
⇒ −3(1) − 2(−5) − 𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑐=7
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2
𝑓 D
-
2 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7 𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥−2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥)
𝑥→−∞
= −∞
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
<
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
6
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
(0− ) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
(𝑥 − 2) = 0−
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
>
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
6
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
(0+ ) = +∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
(𝑥 − 2) = 0+
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥−2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -
2
𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 − 𝑐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 − 2)2
(1)𝑥 2 − 4(1)𝑥 − 2(−5) − (7)
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
=
(𝑥 − 2)2
31
′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑓 =0⇒ =0
(𝑥 − 2)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
Δ
Δ= (−4)2 − 4(1)(3) = 4
4 + √4
𝑥= =3
2
4 − √4
{𝑥 = 2
=1
𝑠 = {1; 3} 𝑓′(𝑥) = 0
-
𝑥 −∞ 1 2 3 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 0 0
−3 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 1
′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑓 = −3 ⇒ = −3
(𝑥 − 2)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 3(𝑥 − 2)2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 12 − 12𝑥 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 15 = 0
Δ = 16 Δ
5 3
𝑥2 = ; 𝑥1 =
2 2
5 3 3 7
𝑓( ) = ; 𝑓( ) = −
2 2 2 2
(𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 ) 𝑀2 𝑀1
5 3 3 7
𝑀2 ( ; ) ; 𝑀1 ( ; )
2 2 2 2
3 3 3
(𝐷1 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ) + 𝑓 ( )
2 2 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
(2) − 4 (2) + 3 3 (2) − 5 (2) + 7
(𝐷1 ): = 2 (𝑥 − ) +
2 3
3 (2) − 2
((2) − 2)
( )
32
9 7
(𝐷1 ): = −3𝑥 + −
2 2
(𝐷1 ): = −3𝑥 + 1
5 5 5
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) (𝑥 − ( )) + 𝑓 ( )
2 2 2
15 3
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + +
2 2
(𝐷2 ): 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 9
𝑦(𝐷2) = −3𝑥 + 9 𝑦(𝐷1) = −3𝑥 + 1 (𝐷2 ) (𝐷1 )
F
G
𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑥 − 𝑚 = 0 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 𝑚
𝑦𝑚 = −3𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑚<1
𝑚=1
1<𝑚<9
𝑚=9
𝑚>9
H
𝑔 /أ
33
)𝑥(𝑔 = )|𝑥|(𝑓 = )|𝑥𝑔(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−
𝑔
) 𝑓𝐶( 𝑔 ) 𝑔𝐶( ب/
)|𝑥|(𝑓 = )𝑥(𝑔
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
{=
𝑓(−𝑥) 𝑥 ≤ 0
) 𝑔𝐶( (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ≥ 0
) 𝑔𝐶( (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ≤ 0
) 𝑔𝐶( -
) 𝑔𝐶( ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶( ) 𝑓𝐶(
التمريـــــن 11
𝑓 A
2 2
𝑥 +𝑥−3 𝑥
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 • ∞) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = −
∞𝑥→− 𝑥+1 𝑥 ∞𝑥→− ∞𝑥→−
2
𝑥 +𝑥−3
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • ( ∞) = +
<
𝑥→−1 𝑥+1
𝑥 2 +𝑥−3
𝑚𝑖𝑙 ( ∞) = + 𝑚𝑖𝑙 (𝑥 + 1) = 0−
< 0− <
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
34
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
>
𝑥→−1 𝑥+1
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 3 𝑥2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥+1 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑥+1 −1 𝑥 B
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
𝑥+1
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎=1 𝑎=1
{ 𝑎+𝑏 =1 ⇒{ 𝑏 =0
𝑏 + 𝑐 = −3 𝑐 = −3
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −
𝑥+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 2 +𝑥−3 𝑥 2 +𝑥−3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = +∞
> 𝑥+1 < 𝑥+1
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 − − 𝑥)
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (− )
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
=0
𝑦=𝑥 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) C
−3 3
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥 =
𝑥+1 −𝑥 − 1
⇒ −𝑥 − 1 ≠ 0
⇒ 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦 + −
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 )
D
𝑥 = −1 •
𝑦=𝑥 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
35
التمريـــــن 12
𝑓 A
-
3 4
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 (1 + ∞− )) = −
∞𝑥→− ∞𝑥→− 𝑥 𝑥3
∞• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4) = +
∞𝑥→+
)𝑥( 𝑓 ′ -
𝑥𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6
36
لتعيين احداثيات نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محوري االحداثيات:
إليجاد نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محور الفواصل نحل المعادلة .𝑓(𝑥) = 0 •
إليجاد نقط تقاطع المنحني ) 𝑓𝐶( مع محور التراتيب نقوم بحساب ).𝑓(0 •
-
3 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑎−1=3
𝑎=4
{ ⇒ {𝑏 − 𝑎 = 0
𝑏=4
−𝑏 = −4
37
نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼(𝛺 مركز تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي:
38
F
𝑚 = )𝑥(𝑓 ⇒ 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4 − 𝑚 = 0
𝑚=𝑦 ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑥 < −4 𝑚 < −4
𝑥 = −4 𝑚 = −4
−4 < 𝑥 < 0 −4 < 𝑚 < 0
𝑥=0 𝑚=0
𝑥>0 𝑚>0
التمريـــــن 13
𝑓 A
𝑥2 + 3
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙 • )
∞𝑥→− 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 + 1
𝑥2
) ( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 =
∞𝑥→− 𝑥
𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(
∞𝑥→−
∞= −
∞• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = +
∞𝑥→+
𝑥2 + 3
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 ( )
𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1
< <
𝑥→−1
39
4
=
0−
= −∞
𝑥2 + 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1
> >
𝑥→−1
4
= +
0
= +∞
-
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) = −∞ 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
𝑥 = −1 ±∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
B
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /أ
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
=
𝑥+1
𝑎=1 𝑎=1
{𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 ⇒ {𝑏 = −1
𝑏+𝑐 =3 𝑐=4
4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 +
𝑥+1
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /ب
4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑥 − 1 + − 𝑥 + 1]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥+1
=0
𝑦(Δ) =𝑥−1 ±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /ج
4
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
-
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
40
C
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+3)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥+1)2
𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1} /أ
′ (𝑥)
2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑓 =
(𝑥 + 1)2
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)
Δ = 22 − 4(1)(−3) = 16
−2−4 −2+4
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
𝑥 = −3 𝑥=1
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − (−3)))
′ (𝑥)
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
𝑓 =
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑓 /ب
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ −3 −1 1 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − − 0 +
−6 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 2
0 (𝑇) D
′ (0)(𝑥
𝑦(𝑇) = 𝑓 − 0) + 𝑓(0)
−3 3
= 𝑥+
1 1
= −3𝑥 + 3
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; −2) E
𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓
𝑥 > −1 𝑥 < −1 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; +∞[
(2(−1) − 𝑥) < −1 (2(−1) − 𝑥) > −1 (−𝑥) < 1 (−𝑥) > 1
(2(−1) − 𝑥) ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; +∞[
41
𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 (2(−1) −
مركز التناظر:
نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼( Ωمركز
تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي:
)𝑥(𝑓 𝑓(2(−1) − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−2 − 𝑥) +
𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 2𝛼 − (−2 − 𝑥)2 + 3 𝑥 2 + 3
{ = +
𝛽𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 −2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1
أو 4 + 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥 2 + 3
2
42
التمريـــــن 14
−8 3 𝑓 𝑎 𝑏 )I
−8 3 𝑓
𝑓(3) = −8
{ ′
𝑓 (3) = 0
1
⇒ 𝑓(3) = −8 (3)3 + 𝑎(3)2 − 3(3) + 𝑏 = −8
3
1
⇒ (3)3 + (−1)(3)2 − 3(3) + 𝑏 = −8
3
⇒ 9 − 9 + 9 + 𝑏 = −8
⇒ 𝑏=1
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1
3
𝑏 = 1 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑓 A
-
1 1
) • 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 3
𝑥→−∞ 3 𝑥→−∞ 3
∞= −
1 3
∞• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1) = +
𝑥→+∞ 3
)𝑥( 𝑓 ′ -
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3
−(−2) + √16
=𝑥 =3
2
−(−2) − √16
= 𝑥{ 2
= −1
}𝑠 = {−1; 3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
-
43
𝑥 −∞ −1 3 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − 0 +
8 +∞
3
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −8
𝑓(−2) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(0) 𝑓(5) B
1 8
• 𝑓(5) = (5)3 − (5)2 − 3(5) + 1 =
3 3
1
• 𝑓(0) = (0)3 − (0)2 − 3(0) + 1 = 1
3
1 8
• 𝑓(−1) = (−1)3 − (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 1 =
3 3
1 1
• 𝑓(−2) = (−2)3 − (−2)2 − 3(−2) + 1 =
3 3
1 𝐴 (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) C
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (1)(𝑥
− 1) + 𝑓(1)
8
(𝑇): 𝑦 = (12 − 2(1) − 3)(𝑥 − 1) −
3
8
(𝑇): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 4 −
3
4
(𝑇): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 +
3
4
𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3 (Δ)
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
1 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑥 −
3 3
1 3 1
= 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥 −
3 3
1
1 3 1
𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − = (𝑥 − 1)(𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛾)
3 3
= 𝛼𝑥 3 + 𝛽𝑥 2 + 𝛾𝑥 − 𝛼𝑥 2 − 𝛽𝑥 − 𝛾
= 𝛼𝑥 3 + (𝛽 − 𝛼)𝑥 2 + (𝛾 − 𝛽)𝑥 − 𝛾
1 1
𝛼= 𝛼=
3 3
𝛽 − 𝛼 = −1 2
⇒ 𝛽=−
𝛾−𝛽 =1 3
1 1
{ −𝛾 = − 3 { 𝛾=3
1 3 1 1 2 1
𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − = (𝑥 − 1) ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + )
3 3 3 3 3
1
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)
3
1
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)2
3
44
1
= (𝑥 − 1)3
3
1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 1)3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1
3
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +
45
التمريـــــن 15
𝑎 𝑏 A
7
)𝐴 (0; 2 ) 𝑓𝐶(
7
= )𝑓(0
{ 2
)′ (0
𝑓 =0
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) = 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
5𝑥+5
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2 )𝑥(𝑓 -
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 5𝑥 + 5
=
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7
= 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 +
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
𝑓 B
-
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 7 𝑥2
( 𝑚𝑖𝑙 • ) = 𝑚𝑖𝑙 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 2
=1
2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 )=1
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
46
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) -
′ (𝑥)
(2 − 𝑎)𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑎 − 14
𝑓 =
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2
−5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2
−5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ =0
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2
⇒ −5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = 0
⇒ −5𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0
−5𝑥 = 0
⇒{
𝑥+2 =0
𝑥=0
⇒{
𝑥 = −2
-
𝑥 −∞ −2 0 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 − 0 + 0 −
1 7
2
𝑓(𝑥)
3 1
−
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) C
47
7
𝑓(0) =
2
7
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {(0; )}
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) E
5𝑥 + 5
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) = 1 + 2 −1
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
5𝑥 + 5
= 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) > 0
5𝑥 + 5 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +
-
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ •
𝜔(−1; 1) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 = −1 •
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 F
𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)
5(−2 − 𝑥) + 5 5𝑥 + 5
=1+ + 1 +
(2 + 𝑥)2 + 2(−2 − 𝑥) + 1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
−10 − 5𝑥 + 5 5𝑥 + 5
=2+ 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
(5𝑥 + 5) 5𝑥 + 5
=2− 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
=2
= 2(1)
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔(−1; 1)
𝜔 (𝑇) G
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (−1)(𝑥 − (−1)) + 𝑓(−1)
−5 + 10
(𝑇): 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) + 1
(1 − 2 + 2)2
(𝑇): 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 6
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝑇) H
𝑦=1 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝜔 •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 6 (𝑇) •
(𝐶𝑓 ) •
48
التمريـــــن 16
)I
A
𝐼 𝑓 /
4
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥 + ∞) = +
∞𝑥→− ∞𝑥→− ⏟
𝑥+1
0
4
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 (−𝑥 + ∞) = −
<
𝑥→−1
<
𝑥→−1
⏟
𝑥+1
0
4
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • 𝑚𝑖𝑙 = )𝑥(𝑓 (−𝑥 + ∞) = +
>
𝑥→−1
>
𝑥→−1 𝑥+1
4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 + ∞) = +
∞𝑥→+ ∞𝑥→+ ⏟
𝑥+1
0
49
+∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑔 ) /
4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑥] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 + − 𝑥)
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥+1
4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 + 1
=0
𝑦=𝑥 +∞ (𝐶𝑔 )
𝑔 /
4
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1 −
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 4
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)
=
(𝑥 + 1)2
(𝑥 − 1) 𝑔′ (𝑥) (𝑥 + 3) > 0 (𝑥 + 1)2 > 0
𝑥−1=0⟹𝑥 =1
𝑥 0 1 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑔 − 0 +
4 +∞
𝑔(𝑥)
3
)II
𝑘(𝑥) A
4
𝑘(𝑥) = |𝑥| +
𝑥+1
4
𝑥+ ; 𝑥 ∈ ]0; +∞[
= { 𝑥 + 1
4
−𝑥 + ; 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0[
𝑥+1
𝑔(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ∈ ]0; +∞[
= {
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0[
𝑥0 = 0 (Δ2 ) (Δ1 ) B
4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −1 −
(𝑥 + 1)2
50
= −3𝑥 + 4
) (𝐶𝑘 ) (Δ2 ) (Δ1 C
التمريـــــن 17
)I
𝑓 A
𝑥2
∞• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = +
∞𝑥→+ 𝑥 ∞𝑥→+ ∞𝑥→+
2
𝑥
∞• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥) = −
∞𝑥→− 𝑥 ∞𝑥→− ∞𝑥→−
1
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • )𝑥(𝑓 = ∞= −
<
𝑥→−1 0−
1
𝑚𝑖𝑙 • )𝑥(𝑓 = ∞= +
>
𝑥→−1 0+
)𝑥(𝑥+2
= )𝑥( 𝑓 ′ (𝑥+1)2
B
𝑥(2𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2 + 2 )𝑥(𝑥 + 2
= )𝑥( 𝑓 ′ = = =
(1 + 𝑥)2 (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 + 𝑥)2
𝑓 C
)𝑥(𝑥 + 2 )𝑥( 𝑓 ′ (1 + 𝑥)2 > 0
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0 𝑥+2=0⟹𝑥 =0 𝑥 = −2
51
𝑥 −∞ −2 −1 0 +∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 − − 0 +
0 +∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 4
D
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥+1 /
1 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) + 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3 + 1 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 + = = = = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 +
{ 𝑥+1
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )=0
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 + 1
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑦 =𝑥+3
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝐷) = 𝑥 + 3 + − (𝑥 + 3) =
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
(𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) (𝐶𝑓 )
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
-
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑥𝑥 ′ ) = {−2} 𝑥 = −2 Δ = 42 − 4(1)(4) = 0
-
2
0 + 4(0) + 4
𝑓(0) = =4
0+1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {4}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐷) F
52
)II
)𝑥(𝑔 A
| 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 2)2 |(𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0
= )𝑥(𝑔 = = |= { = |)𝑥(𝑓| = |
||𝑥 + 1 ||𝑥 + 1 ||𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1 −𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0
) 𝑔𝐶( B
) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶(
) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑓𝐶( ) 𝑔𝐶(
) 𝑔𝐶( -
التمريـــــن 18
)I
)𝑥(𝑔 )𝑔(−1 A
53
𝑔(−1) = (−1)3 + 3(−1) + 4 = 0
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−1))(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
1 0 3 4
−1 0 −1 1 −4
1 −1 4 0
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − (−1))(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4)
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ℝ B
𝑥+1=0
𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4) = 0 ⟹ {
𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥+1=0
Δ = (−1)2 − 4(4)(1) = −15 < 0 ℝ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑔(𝑥) -
𝑥 −∞ −1 +∞
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 +
)II
A
−𝑥∙𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = /
(1+𝑥 2 )2
−3𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥(2 − 𝑥 3 ) −3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 4 −𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
−𝑥(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 4) −𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
= =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
𝑓 /
-
−𝑥 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞
3
−𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥→−∞
−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 > 0
(−𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑥 −∞ −1 0 +∞
−𝑥 + + 0 −
𝑔(𝑥) − 0 + +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 0 + 0 −
+∞ 2
𝑓(𝑥)
3
2
−∞
54
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) B
3 3 3
2−𝑥 2−𝑥 +𝑥+𝑥 2+𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ − (−𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
|𝑥|→+∞ |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥 2 |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥2 |𝑥|→+∞ 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 2 ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 0
|𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥
𝑦 = −𝑥 (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -
2+𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
1 + 𝑥2
1 + 𝑥2 > 0
2+𝑥
2 + 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 −∞ −2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − 0 +
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; −2[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 = −2 (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝑥 ∈ ]−2; +∞[ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) •
𝐿 C
1 + 𝜔2 1 1
𝐿=√ = =
2 − 𝜔3 3 √𝑓(𝜔)
√2 − 𝜔 2
1+𝜔
𝑥 ∈ [−2; −1] 𝑓
3 3
−2 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ −1 ⟹ 𝑓(−1) ≤ 𝑓(𝜔) ≤ 𝑓(−2) ⟹ ≤ 𝑓(𝜔) ≤ 2 ⟹ √ ≤ √𝑓(𝜔) ≤ √2
2 2
1 1 1 √2 2
⟹ ≤ ≤ ⟹ ≤𝐿≤√
√2 𝑓(𝜔) √3 2 3
2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) D
(Δ) (𝑇)
−𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = −1 ⟹ = −1 ⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 = −(1 + 𝑎2 )2
(1 + 𝑎2 )2
⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 = −(1 + 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 ) ⟹ −𝑎4 − 3𝑎2 − 4𝑎 + 1 + 𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 = 0
⟹ −𝑎2 − 4𝑎 + 1 = 0
𝑎2 = −2 + √5 𝑎1 = −2 − √5 Δ = (−4)2 − 4(−1)(1) = 20
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
55
-
(𝑇1 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎1 )(𝑥 − 𝑎1 ) + 𝑓(𝑎1 ) = 𝑓 ′ (−2 − √5)(𝑥 + 2 + √5) + 𝑓(−2 − √5)
= −(𝑥 + 2 + √5) + 𝑓(−2 − √5) = −𝑥 − 2 − √5 + 𝑓(−2 − √5) ≈ −𝑥 − 0.12
(𝑇2 ): 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎2 )(𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) + 𝑓(𝑎2 ) = 𝑓 ′ (−2 + √5)(𝑥 + 2 − √5) + 𝑓(−2 + √5)
= −(𝑥 + 2 − √5) + 𝑓(−2 + √5) = −𝑥 − 2 + √5 + 𝑓(−2 + √5) ≈ −𝑥 + 2.12
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝑇2 ) (𝑇1 ) (Δ) E
(𝐸 ′ ) (𝐸) F
1 3
𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 … (𝐸)
2
1 3
𝑥 = 1 − 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 ⟹ −𝑥 3 = −2 + 2𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑥 2 ⟹ 2 − 𝑥 3 = 2𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑥 2
2
3 2)
2 − 𝑥3
⟹ 2 − 𝑥 = 2𝑚(1 + 𝑥 ⟹ = 2𝑚 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑚
1 + 𝑥2
𝑦 = 2𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
3 3
𝑚<4 2𝑚 < 2
3 3
𝑚=4 2𝑚 = 2
3 3
<𝑚<1 < 2𝑚 < 2
4 2
𝑚=1 2𝑚 = 2
𝑚>1 2𝑚 > 1
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚 … (𝐸 ′ )
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸 ′ )
𝑚 < −0.12
𝑚 = −0.12
−0.12 < 𝑚 < 0
56
𝑚=0
0<𝑚<1
𝑚=1
1<𝑚<2
𝑚=2
2 < 𝑚 < 2.12
𝑚 = 2.12
𝑚 > 2.12
)III
ℎ A
ℎ ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
(𝐶ℎ ) B
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = {
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
ℎ 𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
(𝐶ℎ ) -
19 التمريـــــن
𝛽 𝛼 )I
𝑓(0) = −1
(0)2 + 𝛼(0) + 𝛽 𝛽
= −1 ⇒ = −1
2(0) − 2 −2
⇒ 𝛽=2
𝑓 ′ (0) = 0 𝑓 𝑓(0) = −1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
(2𝑥 + 𝛼)(2𝑥 − 2) − 2(𝑥 2 + 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝛼𝑥 − 2𝛼 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝛼𝑥 − 2𝛽
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
57
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝛼 − 2𝛽
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 ′ (0) = 0
2(0)2 − 4(0) − 2𝛼 − 2𝛽
= 0 ⇒ −2𝛼 − 2𝛽 = 0
(2(0) − 2)2
⇒ −2𝛼 = 2𝛽
⇒ 𝛼 = −𝛽
⇒ 𝛼 = −2
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 2
𝛽 = −2 𝛼 = 1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
<
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = + = +∞
>
𝑥→1
>
𝑥 →1 2𝑥 − 2 0
𝑥=1 +∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 1
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = − = −∞
<
𝑥→1
<
𝑥 →1 2𝑥 − 2 0
𝑥=1 −∞ (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) B
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→+∞
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 2𝑥 − 2
𝑥2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 2𝑥
𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑥→+∞ 2
= +∞
𝑥
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 2
C
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 /
𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 +
2𝑥 − 2
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(2𝑥 − 2) + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2
2𝑎𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2
2𝑎𝑥 2 + (2𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑥 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐
=
2𝑥 − 2
1
2𝑎 = 1 𝑎=
2
{2𝑏 − 2𝑎 = −2 ⇒ 1
−2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2 𝑏=−
2
{ 𝑐=1
58
1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − +
2 2 2𝑥 − 2
±∞ (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − ( 𝑥 − )]
𝑥→±∞ 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ 𝑥 − + − 𝑥+ ]
𝑥→±∞ 2 2 2𝑥 − 2 2 2
1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→±∞ 2𝑥 − 2
=0
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
1 1
𝑦(Δ) = 𝑥 −
2 2
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) /
1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) =
2𝑥 − 2
𝑥=1 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
′ (𝑥)
(2𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 2) − 2(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 =
(2𝑥 − 2)2
4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4
2
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
2
2𝑥 − 4𝑥
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
=
(2𝑥 − 2)2
𝑓 /
(2𝑥 − 2) > 0 2
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
2𝑥 = 0 𝑥=0
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0 ⇒ { ⇒{
𝑥−2=0 𝑥=2
𝑓 -
𝑥 −∞ 0 1 2 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 0 − − 0 +
𝑓(𝑥) −1 +∞ +∞
59
∞− ∞− 1
E
𝜔 /
)(Δ 𝑥=1
1 1
𝑦 = (1) − ⇒ 𝑦 = 0
2 2
)𝜔(1; 0
) 𝑓𝐶( 𝜔 /
مركز التناظر:
نقول أن النقطة )𝛽 ;𝛼( Ωمركز
تناظر ) 𝑓𝐶( إذا تحقق ما يلي:
𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥 2𝛼 −
{
𝛽𝑓(2𝛼 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
أو
𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 (𝛼 +
{ 𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 (𝛼 −
𝛽𝑓(𝛼 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝑥) = 2
𝑓𝐷 ∈ 𝑥
[∞𝑥 ∈ ]−∞; 1[ ∪ ]1; +
𝑥<1 𝑥>1
(−𝑥) > −1 (−𝑥) < −1
(2(1) − 𝑥) > 1 (2(1) − 𝑥) < 1
[∞(2(1) − 𝑥) ∈ ]−∞; 1[ ∪ ]1; +
𝑓𝐷 ∈ )𝑥 (2(1) −
60
2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) 2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 2
⟹ − 𝑎+ =0
(2𝑎 − 2)2 (2𝑎 − 2)2 2𝑎 − 2
2𝑎(𝑎 − 2) − 2𝑎2 (𝑎 − 2) + (𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 2)(2𝑎 − 2)
⟹ =0
(2𝑎 − 2)2
⟹ 2𝑎2 − 4𝑎 − 2𝑎3 + 4𝑎2 + 2𝑎3 − 2𝑎2 − 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 4𝑎 − 4 = 0
⟹ 4𝑎 − 4 = 0
⟹𝑎−1=0
⟹𝑎=1
𝜔 (𝐶𝑓 ) 𝑎 ∉ ℝ − {1}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
G
1
𝑦𝑚 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐸)
𝑚 ∈] − ∞; −1[
𝑚 = −1
1
𝑚 ∈ ]−1; − 2[
1
𝑚 = −2
1
𝑚 ∈ ]− 2 ; 0[
𝑚=0
𝑚 ∈ ]0; +∞[
)III
ℎ A
ℎ(−𝑥) = 𝑓(|−𝑥|) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ℎ(𝑥)
ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) B
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|)
𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
={
𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑥≥0 (𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ )
61
ℎ
(𝐶ℎ ) -
20 التمريـــــن
2 x2
• lim f m ( x ) = lim 2 = 2 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) A
x →+ x →+
x |𝑥|→+∞
±∞ 𝑦=2 (𝐶𝑚 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) B
𝑥→−1
2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2 4−𝑚
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2
)=
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 1) 0+
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = +∞ 𝑚<4 4−𝑚 >0
𝑥→−1
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ =0
(𝑥 + 1)3
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 1
62
(𝑥 + 1)3 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 + 1 ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥 −∞ −1 1 +∞
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 − − 0 +
(𝑥 + 1)3 − + +
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) + − 0 +
+∞ +∞ 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥)
2 𝑓(1)
𝑚>4 4−𝑚 <0
𝑥 −∞ −1 1 +∞
(4 − 𝑚)𝑥 − 4 + 𝑚 + + 0 −
(𝑥 + 1)3 − + +
𝑓𝑚′ (𝑥) − + 0 −
2 𝑓(1)
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥)
−∞ −∞ 2
Ω (𝐶𝑚 ) D
Ω(1; 𝑓𝑚 (1)) 1 (𝐶𝑚 )
𝜔 (𝐶𝑚 ) E
2x2 + 2
f0 ( x ) = 𝑚=0
( x − 1)
3
2x2 + x + 2
f1 ( x ) = 𝑚=1
( x − 1)
3
2𝑥 2 + 2 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
𝑓0 (𝑥) = 𝑓1 (𝑥) ⟹ =
(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 − 1)3
⟹ 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
⟹𝑥=0
𝜔(0; 2) 𝜔(0; 𝑓𝑚 (0)) (𝐶𝑚 )
(𝐶𝑚 ) F
(𝑥𝑥 ′ )
2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)2
Δ = 𝑚2 − 4(2)(2) = 𝑚2 − 16 = (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4)
𝑚 −∞ −4 4 +∞
2
𝑚 − 16 + 0 − +
𝑚 ∈ ]−∞; −4[ ∪ ]4; +∞[ (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) > 0 Δ>0 ♦
−m − ( m + 4 )( m − 4 ) −m + ( m + 4 )( m − 4 )
x2 = ; x1 = 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0
4 4
63
𝑚 = −4 (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) = 0 Δ=0 ♦
−m
𝑥=1 =x 𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0
4
[𝑚 ∈ ]−4; 4 (𝑚 + 4)(𝑚 − 4) < 0 Δ<0 ♦
𝑓𝑚 (𝑥) = 0
) (𝑦𝑦 ′
2(0)2 + (0) + 2
= )𝑓𝑚 (0 3 =2
)((0) − 1
}(𝐶𝑚 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {2
) (𝐶0 G
𝑚=0
𝑥 ∞− −1 1 ∞+
)𝑥( 𝑓𝑚′ + − 0 +
∞+ ∞+ 2
)𝑥( 𝑚𝑓
2 1
التمريـــــن 21
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )I
)𝐴(0; −4 (𝐷): 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1 )𝐷( ) 𝑓𝐶(
𝑓(0) = −4
{ ′
𝑓 (0) = −4
𝑐
⟹ 𝑓(0) = −4 = −4 ⟹ 𝑐 = 4
−1
)𝑥( ′
)𝑐 (2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +
𝑓 =
(𝑥 − 1)2
)′ (0
)𝑐 (2𝑎(0) + 𝑏)(0 − 1) − (𝑎(0)2 + 𝑏(0) +
𝑓 ⟹ = −4 = −4
(0 − 1)2
⟹ −𝑏 − 𝑐 = −4 ⟹ −𝑏 − 4 = −4 ⟹ 𝑏 = 0
64
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4
𝑓(4) = −4
2
𝑎(4) + 𝑏(4) + 𝑐
𝑓(4) = −4 ⟹ = −4 ⟹ 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 = −12
4−1
⟹ 16𝑎 + 4(0) + 4 = −12 ⟹ 16𝑎 = −16 ⟹ 𝑎 = −1
)II
𝑓 A
4 − 𝑥2 −𝑥 2
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = +∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 − 1 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥→−∞
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−𝑥) = −∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞
4 − 𝑥2 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = + = +∞
>
𝑥→1
>
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 0
2
4−𝑥 3
• 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = − = −∞
<
𝑥→1
<
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 0
±∞ 𝑥=1 (𝐶𝑓 )
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥−1 𝐷𝑓 𝑥 B
2
(−𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1) + 3 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 + 3 4 − 𝑥 2
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 1 + = = = = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 [𝑓(𝑥) − (−𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]=0
|𝑥|→+∞ |𝑥|→+∞ 𝑥 − 1
±∞ (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) -
3
𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 − 1) =
𝑥−1
𝑥≠1 𝑥−1≠0
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑦(Δ) − +
(Δ) (𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) (𝐶𝑓 )
−𝑥 2 +2𝑥−4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥−1)2
𝐷𝑓 𝑥 C
−2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − (4 − 𝑥 2 ) −2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 + 𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = =
(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)2
𝑓
−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (𝑥 − 1)2 > 0
Δ = 22 − 4(−1)(−4) = −12 < 0
𝐷𝑓 (−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4)
𝑥 −∞ 1 +∞
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − −
+∞ +∞
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ −∞
(𝐶𝑓 ) 𝛺(1; −2) D
65
(2 − 𝑥) ∈ 𝐷𝑓 •
−𝑥 < −1 −𝑥 > −1 𝑥>1 𝑥<1 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓
(2 − 𝑥) ∈ 𝐷𝑓 2−𝑥 <1 2−𝑥 >1
𝑓(2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = −4 •
3 3 3 3
𝑓(2 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = −(2 − 𝑥) − 1 + −𝑥−1+ = −4 + +
2−𝑥−1 𝑥−1 −𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1
3 3
= −4 − + = −4
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) Ω(1; −2)
(𝐶𝑓 ) E
•
4 − 𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⟹ = 0 ⟹ 4 − 𝑥 2 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 4 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 = −2
𝑥−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑥𝑥 ′ ) = {−2; 2}
•
4 − 02
𝑓(0) = = −4
0−1
(𝐶𝑓 ) ∩ (𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = {−4}
(𝐶𝑓 ) (Δ) F
G
4 − 𝑥2
𝑥 2 − 4 + (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑚 − 1) = 0 ⟹ (𝑚 − 𝑥)(𝑚 − 1) = 4 − 𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 𝑚
𝑥−1
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑚 (𝐶𝑓 )
𝑚 < −1
𝑚 = −1
𝑚 > −1
)III
ℎ A
66
4 − (−𝑥)2 4 − 𝑥 2
ℎ(−𝑥) = = = ℎ(𝑥)
1 − |−𝑥| 1 − |𝑥|
ℎ
(𝐶𝑓 ) ℎ (𝐶ℎ ) B
4 − 𝑥2 4 − |𝑥|2 −𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ(𝑥) = =− = −𝑓(|𝑥|) = {
1 − |𝑥| |𝑥| − 1 −𝑓(−𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≤ 0
(𝐶𝑓 ) (𝐶ℎ ) 𝑥 ≥ 0
ℎ
22 التمريـــــن
)I
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 A
𝑆𝑓(𝑥)=0 = {0; 2}
𝑓 B
𝑥 −1 0 2 +∞
𝑓(𝑥) − 0 + 0 −
𝑓′ C
1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞
′ (𝑥)
𝑓 + 0 −
𝑓 D
1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞
1
𝑓 (2)
𝑓(𝑥)
−∞ 𝑎
1
𝑓 ′ (0) 𝑓′ (2) 𝑓(2) 𝑓(0) E
𝑓(0) = 0
𝑓(2) = 0
1
𝑓′ ( ) = 0
2
2 − (−2) 4
𝑓 ′ (0) = = =2
1 − (−1) 2
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 F
𝑐
𝑓(0) = 0 ⟹ =0
1
⟹ 𝑐=0
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
67
4𝑎 + 2𝑏
𝑓(2) = 0 ⟹ =0
9
⟹ 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 0
⟹ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 … (∗)
𝑓 ′ (0) = 2 ⟹ 𝑏 = 2
(∗) 𝑏
𝑎 = −1
−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑐 = 0 𝑏 = 2 𝑎 = −1 )II
𝑙𝑖𝑚
>
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) A
𝑥→+∞
𝑥→−1
−𝑥 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 2 )
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (−1)
𝑥→+∞
= −1
+∞ 𝑦 = −1 (𝐶𝑓 ) •
−3
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) =
>
𝑥→−1 0+
= −∞
−∞ 𝑥 = −1 (𝐶𝑓 ) •
2(1−2𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑥+1)3 𝑥 ∈ ]−1; +∞[ B
(−2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(𝑥 + 1)(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)4
(−2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) − 2(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
−2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
2
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2 − 4𝑥
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
2(1 − 2𝑥)
=
(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 C
𝑥 > −1 (𝑥 + 1)3 > 0
1
1 − 2𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2
1
𝑥 −1 2
+∞
68
)𝑥( 𝑓 ′ + 0 −
1
)𝑓 (2
)𝑥(𝑓
∞− −1
)III
𝑓 )𝑥(𝑓 )𝑥( ′
ℎ )𝑥( ′
A
69