Digital Image Processing MC0086 Qs 1. An image is a two dimensional function of --------- coordinates. 1. Spatial 2. Network 3. Dimension 4.

All of the above Qs 2. Digital images were widely used in application area --------1. Banks 2. Hospitals 3. Newspapers 4. Schools Qs 3. the early bartlane systems were capable of coding images in five distinct levels of gray. 1. true 2. false Qs 4. EDT stands for 1. early daylight time 2. eastern digital time 3. eastern daylight technique 4. eastern daylight time Qs 5. the principle energy source for images in use today is the -----------1. x-ray 2. B-ray 3. electromagnetic energy spectrum 4. laser ray Qs 6 Medicine, biological science , geographers , satellite communications uses digital images 1. accepted 2. non-accepted Qs 7. major uses of imaging based on ----------- include nuclear medicine and astronomical observations. 1. alpha rays 2. beta rays 3. gamma ray 4. laser rays Qs 8. modality of nuclear imaging called positron emission tomography 1. correct 2. incorrect Qs 9. -------- are among the oldest sources of em radiation used for imaging. 1. alpha rays

2. beta rays 3. x-rays 4. laser rays Qs 10. Angiography is used to obtain images of blood vessels in an area of ------1. investigation 2. tranparancy 3. contrast enhancement radiography 4. none of the above Qs 11. -------- light is used in fluroscence microscopy 1. laser beam 2. ultraviolet light 3. fluorescence light 4. all of the above Qs 12. ---------- procedures partition an image into its constituents parts or objects. 1. classification 2. segmentation 3. aggregation 4. breaking up Qs 13. for image processing digitizer is required that performs arithmatical and logical operations on images like ALU 1. true 2. false Qs 14. digitizer is a device for converting the output of the physical sensing device into -------1. analog form 2. image 3. digital form 4. all of the above Qs 15. in a digital video camera, the sensors produce an electrical output proportional to light intensity . the digitizer converts these outputs to --1.digital data. 2.analog data 3. graphics data 4. audio data Qs 16. the key consideration in image transmission is ---------1. resolution power 2. number of pixels 3. bandwidth 4. all of the above Qs 17. digital storage for image processing plications falls ------- categories 1. short-term storage 2. on-line storage 3. archival storage 4. all of the above

Qs 18.digital image processing refers to processing of a finite number of elements are refreed to as --------1. picture elements 2. image elements 3. pixels 4. all of the above Qs 19. digital image processing is based on the concepts of maths,-----1. probablistic formulation 2. human intuition, 3. analysis 4. all of the above Qs 20 Light that is void of color is called achromatic or monochromatic light 1. true 2. false Qs 21-----------vision is called photonic vision 1. Cone 2 fovea 3. retina 4. focal length Qs22 Light that is void color is called ----------light 1. 2. 3. 4. Achromatic Visible ultraviolet none of the above

Q23 The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called the ---------- of an image. 1. 2. 3. 4. Dynamic range Image element static range all of the above

Qs24. The effect of aliased frequencies can be seen under the right condition in the form of so called_____ 1. 2. 3. 4. Morie pattern Sorie pattern both 1 and 2 none of the above

Qs25. _______ are used to calculate the spatial distance between pixel locations.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Euclidean distance Distance measures focal distance all are correct

Qs26 The ________ of P and Diagonal neighbors of P are called 8-neighbours. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4- Neighbors 8-Neighbors 2-Neighbors 9-Neighbours

Qs27 ______ is a Point by point mapping of NA original color image. 1. False color 2. True color Qs28 ______ is a method for Contrast Manipulation 1 Amplitude scaling 2. Multispectral Image 3. scaling 4. none of the above Qs 29 The _______ of an image can be obtained with a reversal type of film. 1. Positive transparency 2. Negative transparency 3. Neutral transparency Qs30 Modern color photography system utilize an integral____ 1. 2. 3. 4. Tripack film. Nonreversal film both 1 and 2 none of the above

Qs31 ______ may be caused by electronic imaging sensors or film granularity. 1. 2. 3. 4. Image Covariance Noise Disturbances noisy collision classification

Qs32 The _______response of the restoration filter is chosen to minimize the mean square restoration error. 1. Impulse 2. Blind image 3. dynamic image 4. static image Qs 33 Interior fill create a black pixel if all four connected neighbor pixels are black. 1 True 2 False Qs 34 Isolated pixels erase a black pixel with eight white neighbors 1True 2 False Qs 35 An _______ consist of erosion followed by dilation. 1. 2. 3. 4. Close operation Open operation none of the above both 1 and 2

Qs 36 Sobel operator is superior for a ______ edge. 1. 2. 3. 4. Diagonal. Color centre vertical edge

Qs 37 _________ attributes are properties of a shape that are invariant under rubbersheet transformation . 1 Topological shape 2 Distance transform 3 Sequential 4 None of the above Qs 38 Perimeter and area measurements are meaningful only for_______ images. 1 Secondry 2 Binary. 3 Primary 4 None of the above

Qs39 The distance between the centre of the lens & the retina is called______ 1 Focal length 2 Retina 3 Cornea 4 None of the above Qs 40 Pixels that are in error Often appear visually to be markedly different from their neighbors 1 True 2 False

2-Marks questions Qs 1. compression deals with the techniques for reducing the ------- required to save an image or the -------- required to transmit it. 1. storage, bandwidth 2. processing, wavelength 3. none of the above 4. all of the above Qs 2. digital image processing involves image acquisition, image enhancement, image restoration, -------- wavelets and multiresolution processing -------------- morphological processing, --------- representation and description ------------- respectively 1. color image processing , compression, segmentation, object recognition 2.. compression, segmentation, object recognition, color image processing 3. color image processing , compression, object recognition, segmentation 4. all are correct Qs 3.(i) pixel is not used to denote the elements of a digital image. (ii)the dominant aplication of imaging in the microwave band is radar 1. (i)true (ii) false 2. (i)false (ii) false 3. (i)true (ii) false 4. (i)false (ii) true Qs 4. sensor is of type photodiode which is constructed of --------materials and whose output voltage wavefrom is proportional to ---------. 1. phosphorus, light

2. silicon, light 3. megnetic, battery 4. all of the above are correct Qs 5. MRI and PET stands for 1. minimum resonance imaging, positron emission tomography 2. resonance imaging, power emission tomography 3. magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography 4. maximum resonance imaging, positron emission tomography Qs 6. cornea, choroid and retina are three membrane enclose --------- and the distance between the centre of the lens and the retina is called --------1. kidney, focal length 2. eye , focal length 3. brain, circumfearence 4. all of the above Qs 7. to create a digital image we need to convert the continuous sensed data into digital form. this involves two process ------------- and -------1. zooming , quantization 2. sampling, resolution 3. sampling, quantization 4. none of the above Qs 8.(i) sampling rate in images is the number of samples taken (ii) the sine / cosine components with the highest frequency determines the highest freqency content of the function. 1. (i)true (ii) false 2.(i)false (ii) false 3. (i)true (ii) true 4. (i)false (ii) true Qs 9.(i) Distance measures are used to calculate the spatial distance between ---------locations (ii) the result of sampling and quantization is a matrix of --------- numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. (i)pixel (ii)integer )(i)individual cell (ii) float (i)individual cell (ii) real (i)pixel (ii)real

Qs 10. There are two basic approaches to the modeling of image degradation effects a ______ and a ______ 1 Priori modeling , Posteriori modeling 2 Digitizer, display 3None of the above Q11 The ____ & ____ operation for binary images can easily be extended to gray scale.

1. Open & close. 2 Close & open 3 None of the above Q12 An open operation consists of ______ followed by _____ 1 Grows, dilation 2 Erosion , dilation 3 None of the above. Qs 13. An image may be subject to --------- and ------------- from several sources including electrical sensor noise, photographic grain noise and channels errors. 1. noise, interfearence 2. destroyed, clipped 3. sloped , interfearence 4. shilded, clipped Qs 14. psychophysical experiments indicate that a photograph or visual signal with -------edges is often more subjectively pleasingly than an exact --------1. crispened, photometric reproduction 2. sharpened, photometric reproduction 3. distorted , sensor reproduced 4. none of the above Qs 15. pseudocolor produces a color image from a -------- image, while false color produces an enhanced color image from an original natural image or from -----------1. monochrome, multispectral image bands 2. dichromate, unispectral image brands 3. dichromate, multispectral image bands 4. all of the above are correct Qs 16. BHS and CAT stands for 1. black hue and saturation, computerized axial tomography imaging 2. . brightness hue and saturation, common axial tomography imaging 3. black hue and saturation, common axial tomography imaging 4. brightness hue and saturation, computerized axial tomography imaging Qs 17. MRI and PET means 1. Minor resonance imaging, position energy tomography 2. Many resonance imaging, position emission tomography 3.. Magnetic resonance imaging, power emission tomography 4. Magnetic resonance imaging, position emission tomography Qs 18. To effectively design a digital image restoration system , it is necessary ---------To characterize the image degradation effects of the physical imaging system , the image digitizer and the ------- display 1. Qualitatively, image 2. Qualitatively, image

3. Quaterly, picture 4. all of the above Qs 19. The impulse response of the restoration filter is chosen to --------- the mean square restoration error. Image restoration process may be viewed as an -------- process 1. maximize, processing 2. minimize, estimation 3. average, estimation 4. neutral, processing Qs 20.(i) An open operation consists of erosion followed by dilation (ii)with dilation an object does not grows uniformly in spatial extent 1. (i)true (ii)false 2. (i)false (ii)false 3. (i)true (ii)false 4. (i)true (ii)true

4 marks Qs 1 In the Chemical development process of the film a ____ is produced with three absorptive dye layers of ________ , ______ & _____ 1 Positive transparency, Cyan, Magenta & Yellow dye. 2 Negative transparency, Red, Blue & Yellow dye. 3.Positive transparency, Red, Blue, & Yellow dyes 4 None of the above. Qs 2.(i) pseudo color does not produces a color image from a monochrome images (ii) Amplitude scalling is not a method for contrast manipulation (iii) an example for linear noise cleaning technique is homographic filtering or convolution method. (iv) In case of linear edge crispening , masks which are used posses a property that the sum of their elements is unity 1. (i)true (ii) false (iii)false (iv)true 2.(i)false (ii) false (iii)true (iv)true 3.(i)true (ii) true (iii)true (iv)true 4.(i)false (ii) true (iii)false (iv)true Qs 3. There are two quantitative approaches to the evaluation of image features ---------and figure of merit . in the prototype performance approach for image classification , a prototype ----------- with regions that have been independently categorized is classified by a classification ------------using various image features to be evaluated . The classification error is then measured for each feature set. The best set is which results in the least classification --------1. prototype , prototype , image, value

2. prototype performance, procedure, image, error 3. prototype performance, mechanism, segment, value 4. all of the above are correct Qs 4.(i) A spot consists of a plateau of high amplitude against a lower amplitude background or vice versa (ii)In Roberts cross difference operator, diagonal edge gradients can not be obtained by forming running differences of diagonal pairs of pixels (iii) Sobel operator is superior for a diagonal edge (iv) confidence factor is not associated with the edge decision, for example the closeness of fit between actual image data and an idealized model 1. (i)true (ii) false (iii)false (iv)true 2.(i)true (ii) false (iii)true (iv)false 3.(i)true (ii) true (iii)true (iv)true 4.(i)false (ii) true (iii)false (iv)true Qs 5. ------- , ------------- and ---------- are the three basic types of discontinuities. --------subdivides an image into its constituent regions or objects 1. points, lines, and edges, segmentation 2. points, lines, and edges, classification 3. circles, lines, and edges, segmentation 4. points, lines, diagonal edges, distribution Qs 6. Threshholding is one of the most important approaches to image ________. The threshold can be treated as the class boundary. The idea can be applied on the images that contain more than _____ types of region. Evidently the number of thresholds is equal to the number of ________ minus one. It should be noted that though Threshholding is the simplest method of______ segmentation, usually it precedes the selection of appropriate feature to obtain a useful result. 1 Segmentation, two, classes, image 2 Classification, two, classes, image 3. Segmentation, Five, classes, image 4.Segmentation, two, category, image Qs7 In Pyramid _____ map used for filtering successive average are build from the _______. In computer graphics analyzing____ & ____ are done at various scales 1 MIP, Initial signal, Manuplating, Generating 2 GIP, Initial signal, Manuplating, Generating 3 MIP, Final signal, Manuplating, Generating 4 Initial signal, Manuplating, Generating, MIP

Qs8 _______ signals are those whose properties do not change much. A transform similar in properties to the fourier transform but with piece wise constant bases is the _______.One way to localize the high frequencies while preserving the linearity of the operator is to use a_____. A multi dimensional wavelet transform is frequently refered to in the literature as a ______. 1. Stationary signals, Walsh transform, WFT, Wavelet Integration. 2. Stationary signals, Walsh transform, WFT, wavelet decomposition. 3. Dyanmic signals, Walsh transform, WFT, wavelet decomposition. 4. Stationary signals, Walsh transform, DFT, wavelet decomposition. Qs 9. --------- the coordinate values is called sampling . Digitizing the amplitude values is called ---------. The result of sampling and quantization is a matrix of ------- numbers. ----are the smallest unit of picture. 1. analoging, quantization, real, pixels 2. digitizing, quantization, integer, pixels 3. digitizing, quantization, real, pixels 4. digitizing, quantization, real, bits Qs 10. --------- color is a point-by-point mapping of an original color image ---------- is a color mapping of a monochrome image array which is intended to enhance the --------- of detail within the --------1. false, pseudocolor, detactibility, image 2. pseudocolor, false, detactibility, image 3. false, pseudocolor, detactibility, image 4. false, pseudocolor, traceability, coding Qs 11. Most image restoration techniques are based on some a ------ knowledge of the image ----------, the point luminance and --------- impulse response of the system ---------are assumed known 1. priori, degradation, special degradation 2. final, degradation, spatial degradation 3. priori, degradation, spatial composition 4. priori, degradation, spatial degradation Qs 12. There are two basic approaches to the modeling of image degradation effects ------and --------. Noise disturbance may be caused by -------- sensors and the noise covariance function of an observed image can be estimated by measuring the ------- over a region of relatively constant background luminance. 1. a priori modeling , a posteriori modeling, electronic imaging sensors, image covariance 2. a priori modeling , a posteriori modeling, electronic megnetic sensors, image duplication 3. a priori modeling , a pre- modeling, electronic megnetic sensors, image duplication 4. all of the above are valid

Qs 13. (i)The luminance of a region of pixels and gray scale textural regions are examples for natural features. (ii)Image amplitude histograms and spatial frequency spectra are examples of artificial features (iii)In the literature the standard deviation image feature is sometimes called the image dispersion (iv)Texture are inherently not dependent on the size of the observation neighborhood 1. (i)true (ii) false (iii)false (iv)true 2.(i)true (ii) false (iii)true (iv)false 3.(i)true (ii) true (iii)true (iv)false 4.(i)false (ii) true (iii)false (iv)true Qs 14.(i) The threshold can be treated as the class boundary (ii) The smoothing effect is an attractive feature of the Sobel operator (iii)In region growing neighboring pixels of similar amplitude are grouped together to form a segmented region (iv)A edge is not a set of connected pixels that lie on the boundary between two regions. 1. (i)true (ii) false (iii)false (iv)true 2.(i)true (ii) false (iii)true (iv)false 3.(i)true (ii) true (iii)true (iv)false 4.(i)false (ii) true (iii)false (iv)true Qs 15. The homogeneity predicate can be based on the Characteristics of the regions in the image are -----------, ---------- , ---------- and -----------. 1. average intensity, variance, color, texture 2. high intensity, variance, color, texture 3. low intensity, variance, layout, texture 4. average intensity, variance, color, framework