Table 2: Movements in Real and External Sector Indicators

Fiscal Year Inflation GDP Export Import Nominal Exchange Rate

Growth Growth Growth (Revaluation/Devaluation)
1980-81 12.54 3.80 -2.26 17.38 -19.44
1981-82 16.29 2.38 -11.83 -3.91 -15.67
1982-83 9.93 4.02 9.70 -10.26 -10.76
1983-84 9.67 5.18 18.12 3.67 -2.78
1984-85 10.94 3.22 15.22 10.20 -6.67
Average (1980-81 to 1984-85) 11.87 3.72 5.79 3.42 -11.05
1985-86 9.95 4.25 -12.33 -10.69 -10.89
1986-87 10.35 3.73 31.07 10.83 -2.18
1987-88 11.42 2.16 14.75 13.97 -1.67
1988-89 8.00 2.61 4.77 13.03 -2.39
1989-90 9.30 5.94 18.02 11.38 -7.54
Average (1985-86 to 1989-90) 9.80 4.26 11.26 7.70 -4.93
1990-91 8.31 3.34 12.72 -7.69 -2.49
1991-92 4.56 5.04 16.09 -0.20 -8.23
1992-93 2.73 4.57 19.51 17.56 -2.01
1993-94 3.28 4.08 6.34 2.95 -1.12
1994-95 8.87 4.92 37.04 39.20 0.63
Average (1990-91 to 1994-95) 5.55 4.39 18.34 10.36 -2.64
1995-96 6.65 4.62 11.80 19.08 -4.19
1996-97 2.52 5.39 13.80 3.09 -4.35
1997-98 6.99 5.23 16.81 -5.45 -5.72
1998-99 8.91 4.87 2.94 6.50 -4.54
1999-00 3.41 5.94 8.27 4.91 -4.90
Average (1995-96 to 1999-00) 5.70 5.21 10.72 5.63 -4.74
2000-01 1.94 5.27 12.43 11.42 -10.53
2001-02 2.79 4.42 -7.44 -8.70 -1.55
2002-03 4.38 5.26 9.39 13.12 0.00
2003-04 5.83 6.27 16.10 13.01 -4.41
2004-05 6.48 5.96 13.83 20.63 -4.86
Average (2000-01 to 2004-05) 4.28 5.44 8.86 9.90 -4.27

Notes: 1. All figures are percentage changes over end of the last June.
2. Inflation figures are based on 12-month moving average.
3. Growth figures for ‘GDP’ are on the basis of GDP in constant BDT (base: 1995-96).
4. Percentage changes in ‘Exports’ and ‘Imports’ are based on USD values.
5. Negative and positive signs for percentage changes in the ‘Exchange Rate (i.e., BDT/USD)’
denote devaluation and revaluation up to 2002-03 respectively and figures beyond that denote
depreciation and appreciation respectively. Besides, all calculations have been done on the
basis of mid-value of buying and selling rates of commercial banks.
Sources: 1. Bangladesh Bank Annual Report (various issues), BB.
2. Annual Report (various issues), Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh.
3. Economic Trends (various issues), BB.
4. BBS (2000, 2001, and 2005) and authors’ calculation.

Table 3: Financial Deepening and Income Velocity

 Fiscal Year Financial Deepening Private Sector Income Velocity
(M2 as % of GDP) Advances as % of (GDP/M2)
GDP
1980-81 12.83 5.97 7.79
1981-82 12.29 6.59 8.14
1982-83 13.91 7.69 7.19
1983-84 17.41 9.98 5.75
1984-85 18.75 12.36 5.33
Average (1980-81 to 1984-85) 15.04 8.52 6.84
1985-86 19.50 13.52 5.13
1986-87 19.72 13.18 5.07
1987-88 20.50 13.90 4.88
1988-89 21.42 15.35 4.67
1989-90 22.22 15.83 4.50
Average (1985-86 to 1989-90) 20.67 14.36 4.85
1990-91 21.27 15.40 4.70
1991-92 23.86 15.78 4.19
1992-93 25.15 17.26 3.98
1993-94 26.88 17.78 3.72
1994-95 22.70 18.57 4.40
Average (1990-91 to 1994-95) 23.97 16.96 4.20
1995-96 27.47 20.02 3.64
1996-97 28.02 20.49 3.57
1997-98 27.91 21.69 3.58
1998-99 28.69 22.07 3.49
1999-00 31.53 22.64 3.17
Average (1995-96 to 1999-00) 28.72 21.38 3.50
2000-01 34.38 24.83 2.91
2001-02 36.10 25.55 2.77
2002-03 37.92 25.99 2.64
2003-04 38.95 27.31 2.57
2004-05 40.89 28.28 2.45
Average (2000-01 to 2004-05) 37.65 26.39 2.67

Sources: 1. Banking Statistics Division, Statistics Department, BB.

2. Economic Trends (various issues), BB.
3. BBS (2000, 2001, and 2005) and authors’ calculation.
Table 5: Growth in Monetary Sector Indicators
Fiscal Year M2 Excess Time Demand Total Reserve
Reserve Deposits Deposits Deposits Money
1980-81 29.8 -33.08 29.63 27.96 29.04 27.91
6
1981-82 7.54 -15.08 14.55 3.56 10.67 -4.11
1982-83 27.7 -46.61 34.85 15.56 28.49 26.87
5
1983-84 50.11 300.07 52.64 50.71 52.07 37.64
1984-85 23.5 -37.84 29.35 23.61 27.66 19.66
6
Average (1980-81 to 1984-85) 27.7 33.49 32.20 24.28 29.59 21.59
6
1985-86 17.1 179.95 17.58 18.57 17.86 22.28
2
1986-87 16.3 175.66 22.67 7.16 18.23 14.38
3
1987-88 14.2 6.35 24.97 -17.42 13.97 35.16
7
1988-89 16.3 -25.30 19.87 8.07 17.65 8.13
2
1989-90 16.8 -30.87 16.97 11.79 16.08 15.52
8
Average (1985-86 to 1989-90) 16.1 61.16 20.41 5.63 16.76 19.10
8
1990-91 5.44 161.04 -1.42 7.01 -0.01 3.31
1991-92 21.3 46.60 29.07 22.95 27.98 5.90
4
1992-93 10.5 270.09 10.88 9.51 10.64 30.13
5
1993-94 15.4 35.16 12.29 25.50 14.53 25.72
3
1994-95 15.9 -43.36 -6.15 -13.54 -7.52 -5.99
6
Average (1990-91 to 1994-95) 13.7 93.90 8.93 10.29 9.12 11.81
4
1995-96 8.24 -35.78 31.85 47.53 34.57 3.51
1996-97 10.8 48.72 13.56 3.49 11.65 12.65
1
1997-98 10.3 19.57 12.75 1.88 10.83 9.87
5
1998-99 12.8 30.43 14.50 10.70 13.88 8.26
1
1999-00 18.6 11.31 19.82 13.73 18.86 15.75
2
Average (1995-96 to 1999-00) 12.1 14.85 18.50 15.47 17.96 10.00
7
2000-01 16.6 12.54 18.19 11.61 17.20 10.92
0
2001-02 13.1 82.12 14.85 6.91 13.71 24.34
3
2002-03 15.5 -5.93 17.19 10.39 16.27 3.31
 9
2003-04 13.8 -19.63 13.78 13.91 13.80 7.58
4
2004-05 16.7 -18.14 16.89 15.31 16.69 12.96
9
Average (2000-01 to 2004-05) 15.1 10.19 16.18 11.63 15.53 11.82
9

Note: All figures are percentage changes over end of the last June.
Source: Economic Trends (various issues), BB and authors’ calculation.