SUM

What Does It Do ? Horizontal 100 Vertical 100 200 300 =SUM(B8:B10) Single Cells 100 200 Multiple Ranges 100 200 3000 400 500 600 =SUM(B18:B20,D18:D20) Functions 100 200 300 400 500 600 =SUM(AVERAGE(B24:B26),MAX(D24:D26)) 100 200 300 600 =SUM(I21+I22+I23) =SUM(I21:I23) =I21+I22+I23 300 =SUM(B14,C15,D14) Note Many people use the =SUM() function incorrectly. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =SUM(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30). 200 300 =SUM(B5:D5) This function creates a total from a list of numbers. It can be used either horizontally or vertically.

The numbers can be in single cells, ranges are from othe

This example shows how the SUM has been combined w The formula is actually doing more work than needed.

It should have been entered as either =C48+C49+C50 o

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

otal from a list of numbers.

izontally or vertically.

ingle cells, ranges are from other functions.

Range3... through to Range30).

UM() function incorrectly.

w the SUM has been combined with plus + symbols.

oing more work than needed.

ered as either =C48+C49+C50 or =SUM(C48:C50).

Wrong!
Correct Correct

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

AUTOSUM
Instead of using the AutoSum button from the toolbar, you can press Alt and = to achieve the same result. Try it here : Move to a blank cell in the Total row or column, then press Alt and =. or Select a row, column or all cells and then press Alt and =. Jan North South East West Total 10 20 30 40 Feb 50 60 70 80 Mar 90 100 200 300 Total

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

SUMIF
Item Brakes Tyres Brakes Service Service Window Tyres Tyres Clutch Date 1-Jan-98 10-May-98 1-Feb-98 1-Mar-98 5-Jan-98 1-Jun-98 1-Apr-98 1-Mar-98 1-May-98 Cost 80 25 80 150 300 50 200 100 250 =SUMIF(D5:D13,">=100") Total cost of all Brakes bought. Total cost of all Tyres bought. Total of items costing 100 or above. Total of item typed in following cell. tyres =SUMIF(B5:B13,"Brakes",D5:D13) =SUMIF(B5:B13,"Tyres",D5:D13) =SUMIF(D5:D13,">=100") =SUMIF(B5:B13,E19,D5:D13) Formatting No special formatting is needed. =SUMIF(B5:B13,"Brakes",D5:D13) Syntax What Does It Do ?

This function adds the value of items which

=SUMIF(RangeOfThingsToBeExamined,Cri

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on adds the value of items which match criteria set by the user.

angeOfThingsToBeExamined,CriteriaToBeMatched,RangeOfValuesToTotal) Examines the names of products in B5:B13. Identifies the entries for Brakes. Totals the respective figures in D5:D13 Examines the values in D5:D13. If value is >=100 the value is added to the total.

5:B13,"Brakes",D5:D13)

D5:D13,">=100")

formatting is needed.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

COUNT
Entries To Be Counted 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Item Bricks Wood Glass Metal Count =COUNT(C16:C19) 2,000 1,000 Hello #DIV/0! Jan 1,000 5,000 1,000 20 0 -20 1-Jan-88 21:30 0.25477289 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Feb Count 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 Mar =COUNT(B5:D5) =COUNT(B6:D6) =COUNT(B7:D7) =COUNT(B8:D8) =COUNT(B9:D9) =COUNT(B10:D10) =COUNT(B11:D11) =COUNT(B12:D12) =COUNT(B13:D13) Example The following table was used by a builders merchant to for various products in each month. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of numeric entries in a It will ignore blanks, text and errors.

=COUNT(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on counts the number of numeric entries in a list.

e blanks, text and errors.

ange1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

formatting is needed.

ng table was used by a builders merchant to calculate the number of sales

products in each month.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

COUNTA
Entries To Be Counted 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Hello #DIV/0! 20 0 -20 1-Jan-88 21:30 0.85483382 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Count =COUNTA(C5:E5) =COUNTA(C6:E6) =COUNTA(C7:E7) =COUNTA(C8:E8) =COUNTA(C9:E9) =COUNTA(C10:E10) =COUNTA(C11:E11) =COUNTA(C12:E12) =COUNTA(C13:E13) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax What Does It Do ? It will ignore blanks.

This function counts the number of n

=COUNTA(Range1,Range2,Range3..

Maths Alan Bob Carol David Elaine Fail 1 Fail 2

English

Art 1

History

Exams Taken By Each Pupil

Example

The following table was used by a sc 1 Fail =COUNTA(C21:F21) A failure was entered as Fail.

1 1 3

3 1 Fail 2

Each exam passed was graded as 1,

The school needed to known how m

The school also needed to know how

How many pupils sat each Exam. Maths English Art History

The =COUNTA() function has been u

=COUNTA(C17:C21)

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of numeric or text entries in a list. It will ignore blanks.

=COUNTA(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

No special formatting is needed.

The following table was used by a school to keep track of the examinations taken by each pupil. Each exam passed was graded as 1, 2 or 3. A failure was entered as Fail. The school needed to known how many pupils sat each exam. The school also needed to know how many exams were taken by each pupil. The =COUNTA() function has been used because of its ability to count text and numeric entries.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

COUNTBLANK
Range To Test 1 Hello 3 0 1-Jan-98 5 Syntax =COUNTBLANK(RangeToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Blanks =COUNTBLANK(B5:B12) What Does It Do ?

This function counts the number of blank cells in

Admin Factory 1 Factory 2 Factory 3 Factory 4 Factory 5 Factory 6 Factory 7 Factory 8 Factory 9 Factory 10 Y N N Y Y Y

Accounts N Y

Production Y N Y

Personnel N N N Y Y =COUNTBLANK(C16:F25)

Example the company should have a no smoking policy. The response to the question could be Y or N.

The following table was used by a company whi

Each of the departments in the various factories

As the results of the vote were collated they we have no yet registered a vote.

Y N N N

Y Y Y Y

The =COUNTBLANK() function has been used to

Votes not yet registered :

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on counts the number of blank cells in a range.

LANK(RangeToTest)

formatting is needed.

ng table was used by a company which was balloting its workers on whether departments in the various factories were questioned.

ny should have a no smoking policy.

se to the question could be Y or N.

lts of the vote were collated they were entered in to the table.

NTBLANK() function has been used to calculate the number of departments which

t registered a vote.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

COUNTIF
Item Brakes Tyres Brakes Service Service Window Tyres Tyres Clutch Date 1-Jan-98 10-May-98 1-Feb-98 1-Mar-98 5-Jan-98 1-Jun-98 1-Apr-98 1-Mar-98 1-May-98 Cost 80 25 80 150 300 50 200 100 250 Formatting How many Brake Shoes Have been bought. How many Tyres have been bought. How many items cost 100 or above. Type the name of the item to count. service =COUNTIF(B5:B13,"Brakes") =COUNTIF(B5:B13,"Tyres") =COUNTIF(D5:D13,">=100") =COUNTIF(B5:B13,E19) No special formatting is needed. Syntax What Does It Do ?

This function counts the number of items w

=COUNTIF(RangeOfThingsToBeCounted,C

The criteria can be typed in any of the foll

To match a specific number type the numb

To match a piece of text type the text in q

To match using operators surround the exp

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on counts the number of items which match criteria set by the user.

(RangeOfThingsToBeCounted,CriteriaToBeMatched) can be typed in any of the following ways. specific number type the number, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,100) piece of text type the text in quotes, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,"Hello")

using operators surround the expression with quotes, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,">100")

formatting is needed.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

Excel Function Dictionary 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley

Average Page 14 of 41

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

AVERAGE
Mon Temp Rain 30 0 Mon Temp Rain 30 0 Mon Temp Rain 30 0 Tue No Reading Tue 31 0 Tue Wed 32 0 Wed 32 0 Wed 32 0 Thu 29 4 Thu 29 4 Thu 29 4 Fri 26 6 Fri 26 6 Fri 26 6 Sat 28 3 Sat 28 3 Sat 28 3 Sun 27 1 Sun 27 1 Sun 27 1 Average =AVERAGE(C13:I13) =AVERAGE(C14:I14) Average =AVERAGE(C9:I9) =AVERAGE(C10:I10) Syntax =AVERAGE(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Average =AVERAGE(C5:I5) =AVERAGE(C6:I6) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the average from a list of numbers. If the cell is blank or contains text, the cell will not be used in the average calculation. If the cell contains zero 0, the cell will be included in the average calculation.

Mon Temp Rain 30 0

Tue No Reading

Wed 32 0

Thu 29 4

Fri 26 6

Sat 28 3

Sun 27 1

Average =SUM(C18:I18)/COUNTA(C18:I18) =SUM(C19:I19)/COUNTA(C19:I19)

Note To calculate the average of cells which contain text or blanks use =SUM() to get the total and then divide by the count of the entries using =COUNTA().

MAX
Values 120 Dates 1-Jan-98 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 4-Jul-98 800 100 120 250 Maximum =MAX(B8:F8) Maximum =MAX(B5:F5) What Does It Do ? This function picks the highest value from Syntax =MAX(Range1,Range2,Range3... through Formatting No special formatting is needed. Sales North South East West Month Max =MAX(E14:E17) Overall Max =MAX(C14:E17) Jan 5,000 5,800 3,500 12,000 Feb 6,000 7,000 2,000 4,000 Mar 4,500 3,000 10,000 6,000 Region Max =MAX(C14:E14) Example each region, month and overall.

In the following example the =MAX() funct

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on picks the highest value from a list of data.

ge1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

formatting is needed.

wing example the =MAX() function has been used to find the highest value for

n, month and overall.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

MIN
Values 120 Dates 1-Jan-98 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 4-Jul-98 800 100 120 250 Maximum =MIN(B8:F8) Minimum =MIN(B5:F5) What Does It Do ?

This function picks the lowest value from a Syntax

=MIN(Range1,Range2,Range3... through t Formatting No special formatting is needed.

Sales North South East West Month MIN

Jan 5,000 5,800 3,500 12,000

Feb 6,000 7,000 2,000 4,000

Mar 4,500 3,000 10,000 6,000

Region Min =MIN(C14:E14)

Example each region, month and overall.

In the following example the =MIN() funct

=MIN(E14:E17) Overall MIN =MIN(C14:E17)

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on picks the lowest value from a list of data.

ge1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

formatting is needed.

wing example the =MIN() function has been used to find the lowest value for

n, month and overall.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

OR
Order No. AB001 AB002 AB003 AB004 Cost 1000 1000 2000 5000 Payment Type Cash Visa Cheque Delta Handling Charge =IF(OR(D5="Visa",D5="Delta"),5,0) =IF(OR(D6="Visa",D6="Delta"),5,0) =IF(OR(D7="Visa",D7="Delta"),5,0) =IF(OR(D8="Visa",D8="Delta"),5,0) Syntax =OR(Test1,Test2) What Does It Do?

This function tests two or more conditions t It can be used to test that at least one of a

Normally the OR() function would be used i

Note that there can be up to 30 possible te Formatting

When used by itself it will show TRUE or FA Handling Charge =IF(OR(D17="Visa",D17="Delta"),5,0)

Order No. AB001 AB002 AB003 AB004

Cost 1000 1000 2000 5000

Payment Type Cash Visa Cheque Delta

Example

The following table shows a list of orders ta

A handling charge of 5 is made on all orde

The =OR() function has been used to deter

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on tests two or more conditions to see if any of them are true.

sed to test that at least one of a series of numbers meets certain conditions.

he OR() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().

there can be up to 30 possible tests.

by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE.

ng table shows a list of orders taken by a company. function has been used to determine whether the charge needs to be applied.

charge of 5 is made on all orders paid by Visa or Delta cards.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

AND
Items To Test 500 500 25 800 25 500 12 Result =AND(B5>=100,C5>=100) =AND(B6>=100,C6>=100) =AND(B7>=100,C7>=100) =AND(C8>=1,C8<=52) What Does It Do? This function tests two or more conditions to see if they

It can be used to test that a series of numbers meet cer

It can be used to test that a number or a date falls betw

Normally the AND() function would be used in conjunctio Syntax =AND(Test1,Test2) Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests. Formatting When used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE.

Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Fred Gail Harry Ian Janice Averages

Maths 80 50 60 90 20 40 10 80 30 10

English 75 30 70 85 30 60 90 70 10 20

Physics 85 40 50 95 Absent 80 80 60 20 30

Passed

Example 1

The following example shows a list of examination result

The teacher wants to find the pupils who scored above a

The =AND() function has been used to test that each sc

The result of TRUE is shown for pupils who have scored

=AND(C27>=AVERAGE($C$18:$C$27),D27>=AVERAGE($D$18:$D$27),E27>=AV

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

r more conditions to see if they are all true.

at a series of numbers meet certain conditions.

at a number or a date falls between an upper and lower limit.

tion would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().

up to 30 possible tests.

ll show TRUE or FALSE.

hows a list of examination results.

d the pupils who scored above average in all three exams.

s been used to test that each score is above the average.

own for pupils who have scored above average in all three exams.

ERAGE($D$18:$D$27),E27>=AVERAGE($E$18:$E$27))

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

IF
Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 Result Not Achieved =IF(C5>=D5,"Achieved","Not Achieved") Achieved =IF(C6>=D6,"Achieved","Not Achieved") Not Achieved =IF(C7>=D7,"Achieved","Not Achieved") What Does It Do? This function tests a condition.

If the condition is met it is considered

If the condition is not met it is conside

Depending upon the result, one of tw Syntax The Condition is usually a test of two

=IF(Condition,ActionIfTrue,ActionIfFa

The ActionIfTrue and ActionIfFalse ca Formatting No special formatting is required. Example 1 Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 Result =IF(C20>=D20,"Achieved","Not Achieved") =IF(C21>=D21,"Achieved","Not Achieved") =IF(C22>=D22,"Achieved","Not Achieved")

The following table shows the Sales fi

Each has their own target which they If the Sales are greater than or equal

The =IF() function is used to compare

If the Sales do not reach the target th

Note that the text used in the =IF() fu Example 2 Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 100 Commission =IF(C28>=D28,C28*10%,C28*5%) =IF(C29>=D29,C29*10%,C29*5%) =IF(C30>=D30,C30*10%,C30*5%)

The following table is similar to that in If the Sales are greater than or equal

This time the Commission to be paid t

If the Sales do not reach Target, the C Example 3

Product Wood Glass Cement Turf

Special Offer Yes No Yes Yes

Order Value 2,000 2,000 500 3,000 =IF(AND(C38="Yes",D38>=1000),D38*10%,0) Discount Total

This example uses the =AND() within

A builders merchant gives 10% discou is 1000 or above.

The discount is only given on product

The =AND() function is used with the

the value of the order is above 1000

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

What Does It Do? This function tests a condition. If the condition is met it is considered to be TRUE. If the condition is not met it is considered as FALSE. Depending upon the result, one of two actions will be carried out.

=IF(Condition,ActionIfTrue,ActionIfFalse) The Condition is usually a test of two cells, such as A1=A2. The ActionIfTrue and ActionIfFalse can be numbers, text or calculations.

No special formatting is required.

The following table shows the Sales figures and Targets for sales reps. Each has their own target which they must reach. The =IF() function is used to compare the Sales with the Target. If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target the result of Achieved is shown. If the Sales do not reach the target the result of Not Achieved is shown. Note that the text used in the =IF() function needs to be placed in double quotes "Achieved".

The following table is similar to that in Example 1. This time the Commission to be paid to the sales rep is calculated. If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target, the Commission is 10% of Sales. If the Sales do not reach Target, the Commission is only 5% of Sales.

This example uses the =AND() within the =IF() function. A builders merchant gives 10% discount on certain product lines. The discount is only given on products which are on Special Offer, when the Order Value is 1000 or above. The =AND() function is used with the =IF() to check that the product is on offer and that the value of the order is above 1000.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

VLOOKUP
The column numbers are not needed. they are part of the illustration. col 1
Jan Feb Mar What Does It Do ?

This function scans down the row headings

col 2
10 80 97

col 3
20 90 69

col 4
30 100 45

col 5
40 110 51

col 6
50 120 77

When the item is found, it then scans acro Syntax

=VLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,Co

The ItemToFind is a single item specified b Type a month to look for : Which column needs to be picked out : The result is : =VLOOKUP(F12,B7:G9,F13,FALSE) Jan Bob Eric Alan Carol David 10 20 30 40 50 Feb 80 90 100 110 120 Mar 97 69 45 51 77 Alan 3 Feb 4

The RangeToLookIn is the range of data w

The ColumnToPickFrom is how far across t

The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the colum Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example 1 This table is used to find a value based on

Type a month to look for : Which row needs to be picked out : The result is :

=VLOOKUP(F25,$C$19:$F$23,F26,FALSE)

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

Student A B C D E F

Average 50 61.75 67.25 59.75 64.75 73.25

Grade

Points 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Grade F F D C B A A+

Example 2 Use the Points and Grade Table to Lookup

=VLOOKUP(C37,$F$32:$G$38,2,TRUE)

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

on scans down the row headings at the side of a table to find a specified item.

tem is found, it then scans across to pick a cell entry.

P(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,ColumnToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted)

oFind is a single item specified by the user.

ToLookIn is the range of data with the row headings at the left hand side.

nToPickFrom is how far across the table the function should look to pick from.

/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.

formatting is needed.

s used to find a value based on a specified individual and column.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

nts and Grade Table to Lookup the respective grades for each student

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

HLOOKUP
Jan 10 20 30 40 50 Type a month to look for : Which row needs to be picked out : The result is : Feb 80 90 100 110 120 Mar 97 69 45 51 77 Feb 4 =HLOOKUP(F11,D4:F9,F12,FALSE) Formatting

row 1 row 2 row 3 row 4 row 5 row 6

The row numbers are not needed. they are part of the illustration.

What Does It Do ?

This function scans across th

When the item is found, it th Syntax

=HLOOKUP(ItemToFind,Rang

The ItemToFind is a single ite

The RangeToLookIn is the ra

The RowToPickFrom is how f

The Sorted/Unsorted is whet

No special formatting is need Jan Bob Eric Alan Carol David 10 20 30 40 50 Feb 80 90 100 110 120 Mar 97 69 45 51 77 Mar 4 Example 1

This table is used to find a va

Type a month to look for : Which row needs to be picked out : The result is :

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

=HLOOKUP(F25,$D$18:$F$23,F26,FALSE)

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

What Does It Do ? This function scans across the column headings at the top of a table to find a specified item. When the item is found, it then scans down the column to pick a cell entry.

=HLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,RowToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted) The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user. The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the column headings at the top. The RowToPickFrom is how far down the column the function should look to pick from. The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.

No special formatting is needed.

This table is used to find a value based on a specified month and row.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

LEFT
Number Of Characters Required 1 2 3 6 4

Text Alan Jones Alan Jones Alan Jones Cardiff ABC123

Left String =LEFT(B5,C5) =LEFT(B6,C6) =LEFT(B7,C7) =LEFT(B8,C8) =LEFT(B9,C9)

What Does It Do ?

This function displays a specified number of characters from piece of text. Syntax =LEFT(OriginalText,NumberOfCharactersRequired) Formatting No special formatting is needed.

Full Name Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams

First Name =LEFT(B15,FIND(" ",B15)-1) =LEFT(B16,FIND(" ",B16)-1) =LEFT(B17,FIND(" ",B17)-1)

Example

The following table was used to extract the first name of a p The length of the first name is therefore the position of the

The =FIND() function was used to locate position of the spa

The =LEFT() function can now extract the first name based

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

specified number of characters from the left hand side of a

berOfCharactersRequired)

used to extract the first name of a person from their full name.

as used to locate position of the space between the first and second name.

me is therefore the position of the space minus one character.

n now extract the first name based on the position of the space.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

RIGHT
Original Text Alan Jones Alan Jones Alan Jones Cardiff ABC123 Number Of Characters Required 1 2 3 6 4 Right String =RIGHT(B5,C5) =RIGHT(B6,C6) =RIGHT(B7,C7) =RIGHT(B8,C8) =RIGHT(B9,C9) Syntax =RIGHT(OriginalText,NumberOfCharactersRequired) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Full Name Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams Second Name =RIGHT(B16,LEN(B16)-FIND(" ",B16)) =RIGHT(B17,LEN(B17)-FIND(" ",B17)) =RIGHT(B18,LEN(B18)-FIND(" ",B18)) Example What Does It Do ? piece of text.

This function displays a specified number of characters from

The following table was used to extract the second name of The length of the second name is calculated by subtracting the overall length of the full name. The =RIGHT() function can then extract the second name.

The =FIND() function locates the position of the space betw

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

specified number of characters from the right hand side of a

mberOfCharactersRequired)

used to extract the second name of a person from their full name. name is calculated by subtracting the position of the space from

cates the position of the space between the first and second name.

can then extract the second name.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

UPPER
Original Text alan jones bob smith carOl wiLLiamS cardiff abc123 Upper Case =UPPER(B5) =UPPER(B6) =UPPER(B7) =UPPER(B8) =UPPER(B9) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =UPPER(TextToConvert) What Does It Do ?

This function converts all characters in a piece of text to upper case.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

characters in a piece of text to upper case.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

LOWER
Upper Case Text ALAN JONES BOB SMITH CAROL WILLIAMS CARDIFF ABC123 Lower Case =LOWER(B5) =LOWER(B6) =LOWER(B7) =LOWER(B8) =LOWER(B9) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =LOWER(TextToConvert) What Does It Do ? This function converts all characters in a piece of text to lower case.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

a piece of text to lower case.

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

PROPER
Original Text alan jones bob smith caRol wILLIAMS cardiff ABC123 Proper =PROPER(B5) =PROPER(B6) =PROPER(B7) =PROPER(B8) =PROPER(B9) Syntax =PROPER(TextToConvert) Formatting No special formatting is needed. What Does It Do ? are converted to lower case.

This function converts the first letter of each word to uppercase, and all subse

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes

f each word to uppercase, and all subsequent letters

Excel Training

14th September 2005

Rohan Fernandes