Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

UE Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Rhomboids Serratus anterior Trapezius Lower thoracic spinous processes, TLF, iliac crest Upper cervical transverse processes Clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum, aponeurosis of external oblique Ribs 3-5 Lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes Upper 8-10 ribs Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, thoracic spinous processes 1st rib Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Subscapular fossa Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Superior medial border of scapula Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Coracoid processes of scapula Medial border of scapula Deep, medial border of scapula Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine Humeral adduction, extension, IR Elevation, downward rotation Humeral adduction, flexion, IR Scapular protraction Scapular retraction, downward rotation Scapular protraction, upward rotation Scapular elevation, depression, retraction, upward rotation Thoracodorsal nerve Dorsal scapular nerve Medial & lateral pectoral nerves Medial & lateral pectoral nerves Dorsal thoracic nerve Long thoracic nerve Accessory nerve and C3-5

Subclavius Deltoid Subscapula ris

Clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Lesser tubercle of humerus

Depresses and stabilizes clavicle Humeral flexion, IR, abduction, extension, ER Stabilizes GH joint; adducts and IR humerus

Subclavius Axillary nerve Upper and lower subscapular nerve

Supraspinat us Teres major Infraspinat us Teres minor Anconeus Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrac hialis Triceps

Supraspinatus fossa Inferior angle of scapula Infraspinatus fossa Lateral border of the scapula Lateral epicedial of humerus Coracoid process (short head) and supraglenoid tubercle (long head) of scapula Distal anterior shaft of humerus Coracoid process Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) and proximal poster lateral (lateral head) and distal poster medial (medial head) shaft of humerus Proximal posterior radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Lateral epicedial of humerus (common

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Middle impression of the greater tubercle of the humerus Inferior impression of greater tubercle of humerus Lateral surface of colcannon Radial tuberosity and deep antebrachial fascia Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity Proximal medial shaft of humerus Colcannon process of ulna

Initiates humeral abduction Humeral adduction and IR Stabilizes GH joint, ER of humerus Stabilizes GH joint; ER of humerus Extension of forearm Flexion of arm and forearm; supination Flexion of forearm Flexion and adduction of arm Extension of arm (long head) and extension of forearm (long, lateral, and medial heads)

Suprascapular nerve Lower subscapular nerve Suprascapular nerve Axillary nerve Radial nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous and radial nerves Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve

Abductor pollicis longus Brachioradi alis Extensor carpi

Anterior base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium Distal radius adjacent to the styloid process Base of 3rd metacarpal

Abducts and extends thumb at Carpometacarpal joint Flexes forearm Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Radial nerve

Radial nerve Radial nerve

radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus

extensor) Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Lateral epicedial of humerus (common extensor) Lateral epicedial of humerus (common extensor) Lateral epicedial of humerus (common extensor) Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Posterior radial surface and interosseous membrane Middle 1/3rd of posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Medial epicondial (common flexor) Medial epicondial (common flexor) of humerus and proximal ulnar shaft Anterior proximal 2/3rds of ulna and interosseous membrane Base of 2nd metacarpal Extends and abducts hand at wrist Extends and adducts hand at wrist Extends phalanges at MP and hand at wrist Extends 5th digit (MP & IP) Extends 2nd digit (MP & IP) Extends thumb (MP) Radial nerve

Base of 5th metacarpal Extensor expansion of digits 2-5 Digital expansion of 5th digit Digital expansion of 2nd digit Base of 1st proximal phalanx Base of 1st distal phalanx Palmar aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal Pisiform

Radial nerve Radial nerve Radial nerve Radial nerve Radial nerve

Extends thumb (MP & IP)

Radial nerve

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Flexion of digits 2-5 (MP & IP); flexion of hand at wrist

Median nerve Ulnar nerve

Base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Median and ulnar nerves

Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Palmaris longus Pronator quadratus Pronator teres Supinator

Medial epicondial (common flexor) Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Medial epicondial of humerus (common flexor) Anterior surface of distal radius Medial epicondial and ulnar coronoid process Lateral epicondial of humerus, radial collateral ligament, and Supinator crest of ulna Pisiform Flexor retinaculum Capitate and 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (oblique head) and palmar aspect of 3rd metacarpal Adjacent sides of metacarpals Hamate

Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Base of distal phalanx of thumb Palmar aponeurosis Anterior surface of distal ulna Lateral aspect of radius Lateral surface of proximal radius

Flexion of digits (MP and proximal IP); hand at wrist Flexes thumb (MP & IP)

Median nerve Median nerve

Flexes hand at wrist Pronation Pronation and flexion of forearm Supination

Median nerve Median nerve Median nerve Radial nerve

Abductor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis

Ulnar side of base of 5th digit Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Abducts 5th digit Abducts thumb Adducts thumb

Deep branch of ulnar nerve Recurrent branch of median nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Dorsal interossei Flexor digiti minimi

Proximal phalangeal bases and dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4 Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th

Abducts (MP), flexes (MP), and extends (IP) digits 2-4 Flexes (MP) 5th digit

Deep branches of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve

digit Flexor pollicis brevis Lumbricals Flexor retinaculum and trapezium Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Radial side of dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-5 Ulnar margin of shaft of 5th metacarpal Palmar surface of 1st metacarpal Dorsal digital expansion of digits 2, 4 and 5 Flexes (MP) thumb Recurrent branch of median nerve and deep branch of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial 2 lumbricals) and median nerve (lateral 2 lumbricals) Deep branch of ulnar nerve Recurrent branch of median nerve Deep branches of ulnar nerve

Flexes (MP) and extends (IP) digits 2-5

Opponens digiti minimi Opponens pollicis Palmar interossei

Hook of hamate Flexor retinaculum and trapezium Palmar aspects of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

Opposition of 5th digit to thumb Opposition of thumb to 5th digit Adducts (MP), flexes (MP), and extends (IP) digits 2, 4, and 5

Spine Erector spinae Sacrum, lumber and thoracic supraspinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament Transverse processes Transverse process Spinous process C2 Costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs and transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis) Distant superior spinous processes More spinous processes Lateral aspect inferior nuchal line Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Semispinali s Multifidus & rotatores Rectus capitis posterior

Extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column Stabilizes vertebrae, assists with extension and rotation of vertebral column Extension and ipsilateral rotation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Dorsal rami of spinal nerves sub occipital nerve

major Rectus capitis posterior minor Obliquus capitis inferior Obliquus capitis superior Splenius cervicis Splenius capitis Longus colli Longus capitis Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis lateralis Tubercle on posterior arch C1 Spinous process of C2 Transverse process of C1 Spinous processes of T3-6 Ligamentum nuchae Anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 Anterior tubercles C3C6 Transverse process and anterior surface C1 Transverse process C1 Medial aspect inferior nuchal line Transverse process C1 Area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bones Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae Spinous processes T4C7 Anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1 Basilar portion occipital bone Basilar portion occipital bone Jugular process occipital bone Extension sub occipital nerve

Ipsilateral rotation Extension and lateral flexion

sub occipital nerve sub occipital nerve

Extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation Extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation Flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation Flexion, ipsilateral rotation Flexion Lateral flexion

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Ventral rami of spinal nerves Ventral rami of spinal nerves Ventral rami of spinal nerves Ventral rami of spinal nerves

Abdomen/Pelvis Cremaster Medial edge of internal oblique Spermatic cord Elevation of testis Genitofemoral nerve

Diaphragm

External oblique Internal oblique Quadratus lumborum Rectus abdominus Transversus abdominus Coccygeus Levator ani Bulbospong iosus

Xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, and lumbar vertebrae via crura Lower 8 ribs TLF 12th rib Xiphoid process and adjacent costal cartilages Lower six costal cartilages and TLF Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament Pubic symphysis, obturator fascia and ischial spine

Central tendon

Inspiration

Phrenic nerve

Iliac crest and rectus sheath Inguinal ligament, iliac crest and rectus sheath iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest Pubic crest and tubercle Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and rectus sheath Coccyx Midline raphe and anococcygeal ligament

Flexion and rotation of trunk; compression of abdominal cavity Flexion and rotation of trunk, and compression of abdominal cavity Extension and lateral flexion of trunk; flexes 12th rib during respiration Flexion of trunk and compression of abdominal cavity Compression of abdominal cavity Supports and compresses posterior pelvic floor Supports pelvic viscera and compresses rectum and In male empties urethra, maintains erection and contracts during ejaculation; in female constricts vaginal orifice and contributes to erection of clitoris Compresses crus during erection

Ventral rami T7-12 Lower thoracic and L1 ventral rami Ventral rami T12-L3 Lower thoracic ventral rami Lower thoracic and L1 ventral rami Ventral rami S4-5 Pudendal nerve and S4 Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Ischiocaver nosus

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Sphincter ani externus Sphincter urethrae LE Iliacus Psoas Iliac fossa, iliac crest and sacrum Anterior lumbar transverse processes of vertebral bodies and discs AIIS & groove superior to acetabulum ASIS ASIS & adjacent iliac crest Anterior aspect of proximal 2/3rds of femoral shaft Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera Intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera and medial supracondylar line Pubic body & inferior pubic ramus Lesser trochanter of femur Lesser trochanter of femur Base of patella Medial aspect of proximal tibia ITB Lateral border of patella Base and lateral border of patella

Closes anal canal and fixes perineal body Compresses urethra

Inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint Flexes thigh, stabilizes hip joint Hip flexion, knee extension Flexes, abducts, & ER hip; knee flexor Abducts, flexes, & IR hip; assists in maintaining extended leg Extends leg Extends leg

Femoral nerve Ventral rami L1-4

Rectus femoris Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis

Femoral n Femoral n Sup. Gluteal Femoral nerve Femoral nerve

Vastus medialis Adductor brevis

Base and medial border of patella Line between lesser trochanter & linea

Extends leg

Femoral nerve

Adducts hip

Obturator n

aspera Adductor longus Adductor magnus Pubic crest Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity Body of pubis & inferior pubic ramus Pectin pubis & pubic tubercle External aspect of pelvic wall Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & posterior gluteal line External iliac surface Linea aspera Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, adductor tubercle of femur Proximal, medial tibia Femur between lesser trochanter & linea aspera Trochanteric fossa Obturator internus tendon Obturator internus tendon Greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of femur, ITB Adducts hip Adducts, flexes & extends thigh Obturator n Obturator n (adductor region) & tibial division of sciatic (HS region) Obturator n Femoral n & accessory obturator n Obturator n n to quadratus femoris n to obturator internus Inferior gluteal n

Gracilis Pectineus Obturator externus Gemellus inferior Gemellus superior Gluteus maximus

Flexes knee, adducts hip Adducts & flexes hip ER of hip ER of hip ER of hip Extends & ER hip

Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Obturator internus Piriformis

External iliac surface & margin of greater sciatic notch Anterolateral wall of pelvis & obturator membrane Anterolateral sacrum

Oblique ridge on lateral aspect of greater trochanter, gluteal aponeurosis Anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter Medial surface of greater trochanter Upper border of

Abducts & IR hip

Superior gluteal n

Abducts & IR hip ER of hip Abducts & ER hip

Superior gluteal n n to obturator internus Lumbosacral plexus

Quadratus femoris Biceps femoris

& PIIS Ischial tuberosity Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament (long head) and lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line (short head) Ischial tuberosity Ischial tuberosity Lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of fibula and interosseous membrane Middle of fibular surface and interosseous membrane Distal fibula and interosseous membrane Lateral condyle and proximal 2/3rds of tibias lateral surface and interosseous membrane Head and proximal 2/3rds of fibula Distal 2/3rds of fibula

greater trochanter Quadrate tubercle of femur Lateral side of fibular head

ER hip Flexes leg (both heads) and extends thigh (long head only)

n to quadratus femoris Tibial (long head) and peroneal (short head) divisions of the sciatic nerve

Semimembr anosus Semitendin osus Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Peroneus tertius Tibialis anterior

Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle Proximal, medial tibia Dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5

Extends hip & flexes knee Extends hip & flexes knee Dorsiflexes ankle, extends digits 2-5 (IT & MP)

Tibial division of sciatic n Tibial division of sciatic n Deep peroneal nerve

Distal phalangeal base of 1st toe Base of 5th metatarsal Medial cuneiform and adjacent 1st metatarsal

Dorsiflexes ankle, extends great toe (MP & IP) Dorsiflexes ankle, everts foot Dorsiflexes ankle, and inverts foot

Deep peroneal nerve

Deep peroneal nerve Deep peroneal nerve

Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

Lateral aspects of 1st metatarsal and adjacent medial cuneiform Lateral base of 5th metatarsal

Plantar flexes ankle, and everts foot Plantar flexes ankle, everts foot

Superficial peroneal nerve Superficial peroneal nerve

Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Gastrocnem ius Plantaris Popliteus Soleus

Posterior tibia distal to Soleal line Distal 2/3rds of posterior fibular surface and interosseous membrane Posterior aspect of femoral condyles Lateral supracondylar line Lateral femoral condyle Posterior aspect of head and proximal 1/4th of fibula and tibial Soleal line Interosseous membrane, lateral tibial surface and medial fibular surface Calcaneal tuberosity Medial calcaneal tuberosity 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) and distal ends of 35 metatarsal (transverse head)

Plantar surfaces of distal phalangeal bases Plantar aspect of distal phalangeal base of 1st toe Posterior calcaneal surface Posterior calcaneal surface Soleal line of tibia Posterior calcaneal surface Navicular, intermediate cuneiform and bases of metatarsals 2-4 Lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit Medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe Lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Plantar flexes ankle, and flexes digits 2-5 (MP & IP) Plantar flexes ankle, and flexes great to (MP & IP)

Tibial nerve Tibial nerve

Flexes leg, plantar flexes ankle Flexes leg, plantar flexes ankle Unlocks knee during flexion Plantar flexes ankle

Tibial nerve Tibial nerve Tibial nerve Tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior

Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot

Tibial nerve

Abductor digiti minimi Abductor hallucis Adductor hallucis

Abducts and flexes 5th digit Flexes and abducts great toe Adducts great toe

Lateral plantar nerve Medial planar nerve Lateral plantar nerve

Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum accessorius / quadratus plantae Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor digiti minimi Flexor hallucis brevis Interossei dorsal Interossei plantar Lumbricals

Anterolateral calcaneus

Middle half of medial surface of fibula Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity 5th metatarsal base Cuboid and tendon of tibialis posterior Metatarsal shafts

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx (1) or lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4) Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux Long flexor tendons

Extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP)

Deep peroneal nerve

Extension of great toe (MP & IP) Assists flexor digitorum longus

Deep peroneal nerve Lateral plantar nerve

Sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5 Proximal phalangeal base Base of proximal phalanx of great toe Proximal phalangeal bases and dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4 Dorsal digital expansions of digits 305 Medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 25

Flexes toes (proximal IP) Flexion of 5th digit (MP) Flexion of great toe (MP) Abducts (MP) and flexes (MP) digits 2-4 Adducts and flexes (MP) digits 3-5 Flexes proximal phalanges (MP), and extends IP joints

Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve

Plantar surface of base of metatarsals Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Lateral plantar nerve Medial plantar nerve (1) and lateral plantar nerve (2-5)