Precipitation of Carbonated Calcium Phosphate Powders from a Highly Supersaturated SBF Solution.

Ingo Hofmanna, Lenka Mllerb, Peter Greilc and Frank A. Mller- vezi pct 1 agenda

Magnesium and carbonate ions are generally described as strong inhibitors of apatite crystal growth [3]. The pH evolution of the 5x M-SBF solution is shown in Figure 3b. Immediately after heating 5x M-SBF to 50 C a pH drop from 6.7 to 6.1 was observed. After 30 minutes the pH increased again due to the slow release of CO2 from the solution. A constant pH level of 8.1 is reached after 43 h when PO4 3- concentrations had decreased to a constant level and no further apatite nucleation was possible.
Multiphasic Biomaterials: A Concept for Bone Substitutes developed in the "Pays de la Loire" G. Daculsi1a, D. Chappard2b, E. Aguado3c, G. Legeay4d, P. Layrolle1a and P. Weiss1a istoricul aparitiei fosfatilor de calciu pct 2

Bioceramics have open macropores in the 100-600 Hm range and micropores in the 0.110 Hm range in order to allow the penetration of body fluids, cells, tissues and vascularisation. The BCP concept [10] is based on an optimum balance between the more stable phase (HA) and the more soluble phase (-TCP). The difficulty is to match the rate of bone formation with the kinetics of degradability. Although bioceramics support the bone healing process by osteoconduction, they generally lack osteoinductivity for regenerating bone tissue over large defects Recent in vivo studies have shown that materials should exhibit two features in order to induce ectopic bone: (i) a microporous surface and (ii) a macroporous structure [23-24]. It has been proposed that calcium phosphate ceramics may concentrate bone growth factors from body fluids, which will trigger stem cells to form bone tissue. The high surface area of the crystals resulted in higher solubility. We found this multiphased material suitable for studying the effects of drugs active on bone metabolism because it represents an acellular system that avoids interference between proteins or cells and the calcification process. Bisphosphonates (BPs), which are highly potent antiosteoclast drugs, are known to exert their effect after having been adsorbed at the surface of the hydroxyapatite crystals of the bone matrix. When three bisphosphonates (etidronate, tiludronate, alendronate) were used at various concentrations in SBF, it was possible to study their effect on calcification. It is likely that carboxymethylation, producing the same type of calcification as pHEMA-AlkP, is of higher biological interest since no xenogenic protein is used. MicroCT confirmed that porosity was interconnected only when sucrose + glucose fibres were used (figure (6) [50]. This allowed direct access of fluids in the centre of large polymer blocks as evidenced by the carboxymethylation method which makes it possible to deposit COO- groups in the very centre of large bocks.
Indeed, calcium phosphate based materials, which are bioactive, could have an added value as drug carriers for the bone tissue. Moreover, another relevant property of calcium phosphates is their unique ability to adsorb different chemical species on their surfaces.