Beruflich Dokumente
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[120]
[110]
Head and Tail Procedure for determining Miller Indices for Crystallographic Directions 1. Find the coordinate points of head and tail points. 2. Subtract the coordinate points of the tail from the coordinate points of the head. 3. Remove fractions. 4. Enclose in [ ]
A = [33]
Direction B Head point tail point (0, 1, 1/2) (2/3,1,1) -2/3, 0, -1/2 Multiply by 6 to get smallest integers
_ _ B = [403]
C = [???]
D = [???]
Direction C
Head Point Tail Point (1, 0, 0) (1, , 1) 0, -1/2, -1 Multiply by 2 to get the smallest integers
__
C = [0I2]
Direction D Head Point Tail Point (1, 0, 1/2) (1/2, 1, 0) 1/2, -1, 1/2 Multiply by 2 to get the smallest integers
_
D = [I2I]
B= [???]
A = [???]
[210]
1.
2. 3. 4.
Origin for A
A = (I0)
B = (I22)
A = (2I)
B = (02)
Miller-Bravais indices -- same as Miller indices for cubic crystals except that there are 3 basal plane axes and 1 vertical axis. Basal plane -- close packed plane similar to the (1 1 1) FCC plane. contains 3 axes 120o apart.
[u v w ] [uvtw]
' ' '
_ (1211)
Intersecciones a1= -1 a2 = 1/2 c=1 Recprocos -1 2 1 ndices de Miller (-121) ndices de MIller-Bravais (-12-11) donde i = -(h + k) MIller12-
Intersecciones a1= 1 a2 = 0 c= Recprocos 1 0 2 ndices de Miller (102) Indices de MIller-Bravais (10-12) donde i = -(h + k) MIller10-
Linear Density
LD for [110] in BCC. No. of atom centered on the direction vector [110] = 1/2 +1/2 = 1 Length of direction vector [110] = 2 a a = 4R/ 3
1 1 3 LD = = = 2a 2 (4 R / 3 ) 4 R 2
[110] 2a
Linear Density
LD of [110] in FCC # of atom centered on the direction
vector [110] = 2 atoms Length of direction vector [110] = 4R
LD = 2 /4R
LD = 1/2R
Linear density can be defined as reciprocal of the repeat distance r LD = 1/r
Planar Density
Planar Density PD is defined as the number of atoms per unit area that are centered on a given crystallographic plane. No of atoms centered on the plane PD = Area of the plane
2 atoms 1 PD110 = = 2 2 8R 2 4 R 2
a = 2R 2
4R
Polycrystalline Materials
Polycrytalline Materials Polycrystalline crystalline solids composed of many small crystals or grains. Various stages in the solidification : a) Small crystallite nuclei Growth of the crystallites. b) Obstruction of some grains that are adjacent to one another is also shown. c) Upon completion of solidification, grains that are adjacent to one another is also shown. d) Grain structure as it would appear under the microscope.
Anisotropy
The physical properties of single crystals of some substances depend on the crystallographic direction in which the measurements are taken. For example, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity, and the index of refraction may have different values in the [100] and [111] directions. This directionality of properties is termed anisotropy. Substances in which measured properties are independent of the direction of measurement are isotropic.
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