DEUTSCHE NORM January 2005 | Sg Zz DIN 1054 108 03.020 Supersedes DIN 1054:2003.01 and DIN 1054 Corrigendum 4:2003-10 See star of validity Ground — Verification of the safety of earthworks and foundations Baugrund — Sicherheitsnachweise im Erd- und Grundbau Document comprises 128 pages ‘Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst {ease of ous, te Genran guage eral ents consid 3s the aust es. RSSieachane ana se EERE oro, emma ANEDIN 1054:2005-04 Contents Page Preamble to this English translation nu. sn 8 Foreword, co 514 542 52 524 522 523 S28 525 526 53 334 532 co aa 6A2 ons ea 615 62 624 622 Scope... Normative references... Torms, definitions and symbols Terms and definitions nn Genoral torms and definitions. ‘Terms and definitions relating tothe safety concept... Geotechnical torms and AefiNHONS wecneennnenenn nnn ‘Symbols. General provisions fr safety verifications. Basic requirements Geotechnical Categories (GC) . Ultimate Limit States (GZ 1) (ULS).. GZ4A (EQU, UPL and HYD) limit states: Limit state of loss of static equilibrium GZ4B (STR and GEO-2) limit states: Limit stato of fallure of the structure and of structural elements. 7 GZ AC (GEO-3) limit state: Limit state of foss of overall stability, Duetty of the overall system. ~ Other typos of verification. ‘Serviceabilty Limit States (2 2) st). Obsarvational method sen ‘Scope of application... — ‘Measures prior to commencing construction. ‘Measures during the construction process. ‘Compliance with provisions for safety verifications. Ground. Geotechnical investigations. Purpose of investigations x... ‘Type and extent of investigations Types OF gPOUNG enn General. - . Non-cohesive soils. - Cohesive solls ~ Organic and organogenic sols. Fil, Supplementary information... Characteristic values of soil propertis Establishing characteristic values of soll properties. Applying characteristic values of soll properties. ‘Actions, effects of actions and resistances Actions and effects of actions. General... Actions from the structure Geotechnical actions Dynamic actions. sn Characteristic effects of actions. Rosistances in soll and rock... i Shear strength - stiffness,DIN 1054:2008-01 334 332 833 834 aa aaa Baz B43 844 a45 B48 847 as 854 B52 353 354 Baring resistances... Passive earth resistance (passive earth pressure). Penetration resistance, pull-out resistance and transverse resistance . Design situations... so Combinations of actions. Safety Classes of resistances Load Cases. So Partial safety factors Partial safety factors for actions and effects of actions. Partial safety factors for resistances... - ‘Shallow and spread foundations .... ‘Scope and general requirements wenn Classification in Geotechnical Categories... ‘Actions and effects of actions in the foundation bas Characteristic effects of actions... vo Design values of the effects of actions. Ground reactions and ground resistances... Ground reactions at the vertical face of the foundation... Boaring resistance, vo Sliding resistance Verification of bearing capacity... Verification of safety against overturning... Verification of bearing resistance. Verification of safety against sliding. Verification of safety against structural failure Verification of serviceability... Allowable location of the resultant effect of actions Displacements in the foundation base. SottlomeMrensnnenen - Rotation. Allowable bearing pressure in simple cases. Genera... - Non-cohasive Soll nn Cohesive soll... Rock - Artificially placed ground... Pte foundations . “ ‘Scope and ganeral requirements Classification in Geotechnical Categories. ‘Actions and effects of actions. : Genera. son Lateral pressure Negative skin friction Design values of effect of actions.. Resistance. General [Axial pile resistance from static pile load tests. ‘Axial pile resistance from dynamic pile load tosts Empirical axial pile resistance. enc marennn Transverse load resistance Pile resistance for cyclic and dynamic actions . Design values of pile resistance Verification of the bearing capacity of piles Axially loaded piles... Laterally loaded piles Compression pile groups «.. Tension pile @FOUPS un855 356 36 864 362 363 oa 92 93 9s 944 942 95 96 10 404 02 40.3 40.34 10.3.2 10.33 104 s0.44 10.4.2 1043 10.44 1045, 108 10.84 1052 1053 1054 106 10.8.4 1082 106.3 1084 1085 1066 1087 10.68 1089 40.7 toa 10.72 "4 WA 142, 143, 1434 1432 ana anda 442 15) 148 DIN 1054:2008-01 ‘Combined pile-raft foundations... ‘Structural failure of piles Verification of serviceability. PrN PLO Pile groups... - ‘Combined pile-raft foundations. Grouted anchors. cn ‘Scope and generai requirements. Classification in Geotechnical Catagories. Actions and effects of actions .. Resistance. . Pullout resistance .. Rosistance of a steel tendon. Verification of the bearing capacity. Verification of serviceability Retaining structures and structures embedded ln the ground ‘Scope and general requirements... - Classieation In GetnchnicalCatogore Actions. Earth pressure. ‘Water pressure « Further actions vn Effects of actions nso General ~ Structures subjected to bending Bracing elements. = GGrouted anchors and tension piles. Design values of effects of actions . Resistance. csmcrninennrnnnn Bearing resistances - Resistances in front of and below walllike retaining structures Pullout resistances Design values of resistances. Verification of bearing capacity. Verifications of the Gz 18 (STR an Bearing resistance and sliding Failure of the earth support. Fallure of the anchored ground in front of anchor plates and anchor walls Failure of tension piles or grouted anchors. . Failure of structural elements due to sottlement. Fallure in the lower failure plane Structural fallure of structural elements. Verifeation ofthe G2 1A and Gz 1¢ (UPL, HYD and GEO} limit states. Verification of serviceability. Vorification based on experience - Special verifications. . Uplift and hyeraulic heave... ‘Scope and general requirements. : Classification in Geotachnieal Categories... Verification of safety against uplift of non-anchored structures Verification with structure self-weight only Verification with addtional shear forces Verification of safety against uplift of anchored structures. Verification of safety against uplift, Dimensioning the base Verification of safety against hydraulic heave. Verification of serviceability.DIN 1084:2005-01, 12 Overall stability . a 124 Scope and general requlremonts es 12.2 Classification in Geotochnical Categories. 423 Verification of safety against slope fallure and overall stabi ‘allure 424 Verification of structural slope sta 4244 Genera. 12.42 Actions and: 12.43 Pullout resistances.. 12.44 Verification of bearing capacity 125 Verification of serviceability Annex A (normative) Allowable bearing pressure... ‘Annex B (informative) Design of axially loaded bored piles based on: noel values. 99 B.A Determination of the resistance-settlement (heave) curve.. “98 BZ _ Base and shaft resistance of piles we. 400 B.3 Investigation of the ground strength using penetration tests 103 ‘Annox € (informative) Characteristic axial resistance of driven displacement piles based on empirical values... 104 CA __Determination of the characteristic pil resistance in the GZ 18 (GEO-2) limit state 104 C2 _ Pile base resistance and pile shaft resistance of precast reinforced or prestressed ‘concrete piles in the GZ 18 (GEO-2) limit state in non-cohesive soil. 108 C3. Characteristic pile base resistance and pile shaft resistance of pracast reinforced or prestressed concrote piles in the GZ 2 (serviceability) limit stato in non-cohesive soll. C4 Charactoristic pile bearing capacity of precast relnforced or prestressed concrete piles and steel and timber piles in cohesive soit - . ‘Annox C* (informative) Design of axially loaded driven displacement piles based on empirical values"). . 4 Determination of the characteristic pile resistance in the GEO-2 limit stato" 408 62 Allowable pile bearing capacity of precast coinforced or prestressed conerete piles 26 ‘well as timber and stool piles") semen . nee AO, ‘Annex D (informative) Design of grouted micropites based on empirical values. 12 Da Characteristic axial ple resistance in the GZ 1B (GEO-2) limit state, a2, D2 Recommended valu for the characteristic load span for grouited micropil ‘axial pulsating and alternating loads in the GZ 2 (serviceability) limit state Annex E (informative) Distribution of actions and resistances in laterally loaded pile groups. Annex F (normative) Transition arrangements for standards based on the old concept of ‘analysis with global safety factors... sos ‘Annex G (informative) Transition arrangements for acknowledged technical rules for works ‘based on the old concapt of analysis with global safety factors. . Tables Table 1—List of symbols a 20 ‘Table 2 — Partial factors for actions and effects of actions. 2 ‘Table 3 — Partial factors for resistances... ~ 4a Table 4— Factor £o take into account the number and variation ofthe results of pil tests, Cnn 7 oven "*) Incl inthe English transtation of DIN 1054 only (eee Prasmbe to this Engi tanstaon), 6‘Table AA — Allowable boating pressure cyjsy fr strip foundations on non-cohasive soil based on adequate bearing capacity, subject to the conditions in Table A.7. 94 Table A.2— Allowable bearing pressure on, for strip foundations on non-cohesive soll based on adequate bearing capacity and limitation of settlement, subject to the ‘conditions In Table A7. TE “Table A.3— Allowable boaring pressure csi f0r stip foundations on silt (UL according to DIN 18196) with widths for # oF 0,50 m to 2,00 m for stif to very stiff consistency or a ‘mean unconfined compression strength yy > 120 KNIM? wnnrmnnnennnnnnnnnnnne Table Ad — Allowable bearing pressure cijoy for stip foundations on mix grained soils (SU, 81, 60, GF according to IN 18196, boulder clay) with wide bo 0f 4500 to 200m. Table A.5 — Allowable bearing pressure <;):, for strip foundations on clayey, sity soils (UM, ‘TL, TM according to DIN 18196) with widths b or bof 0,50 m to 2,00 m. ‘Table A.6— Allowable boaring pressure joy or strip foundations on clay soll (TA according ‘to DIN 18196) with widths b OF fof 0,80 m9 £9 2.00 Mn ‘Table A.7 — Requirements for application of the values of allowable bearing pressure Cson ‘according to Tables A.1 and A2 in non-cohesive soll 98 ‘Table A.B — Requiromants for increasing tho values of allowable bearing pressure ci according to 77.2.2 (2) in non-cohesive soil : 8 ‘Table B.1 — Pile base resistance q,,, for non-cohesive soils. 401 Table 8.2— Pile base resistance gp, for cohesive soil sennecAO2 Table B.3— Pile shaft resistance q,,, for non-cohesive soi 402 ‘Table B.4 — Pile shaft resistance gx for cohesive soils... 402 Tablo B.S — Pile base resistance qj, and shaft resistance 4, in rock 7 02 ‘Table €.1 — Base resistance yn, of procast reinforced or prestressed concrete driven piles In mon-cohesive SOUS ener oc Tabla 6.2 — Shaft anetance dng of recat renforced oF penreaed concrete avn ies in nOn-COnESIVE SOI rn — 105 Table C.3— Characteristic pile bearing capacity f, of driven timber displacement piles in ‘cohesive or non-cohesive soils. . 108, Table .4— Characteristic pile boaring capacity fy of reinforced or prestressed concrete driven displacement piles with square cross section in eohosive solls soon AOT ‘Table C.5 — Characteristic pile bearing capacity F, of driven steel displacement piles in ‘cohesive or non-cohesive soils — snes ‘Table C*.1 — Base resistance 7p, of precast reinforced or prestressed concrote driven piles in non-cohesive Soils en sons $9 ‘Table C*.2— Shalt resistance g.1, of precast reinforced or prestressed concrete driven piles in non-cohasive soils”). os 109 ‘ee page 6 fo“)DIN 1054:2005-01 Table C*.3 — Allowable ple bearing capacity yj of drivon timber displacement piles in cohesive or non-cohesive soils”? Table C14 — Allowable pile bearing capacity yy of telnforced or prestressed concrete driven displacement piles with square cross-section in cohesive soils” att Table C*.5— Allowable pile bearing capacity fing of driven stool displacement piles in ‘cohesive of non-cohesive soils” os : sens AY ‘Table D.A — Characteriste ple shaft resistance y.,, of grouted micropiles in the exceptional ‘case that no pile load tests are cartied out. : 2 Table 0.2 — Recommended values for the characteristic load span 119 Table F:1 — Relationship of normative references to standards based on the old concept of ‘analysis. : ss . 118 Table F.2— Relationship of normative references to recommendations based onthe old ‘concept of analysis 119 ‘Toble G1 Relationship af normative references to acknowledged technical ules for Works based on the old concept of analysis. soo 120 Table 6.2 — Terms and symbols: Relationship between DIN 4125:1990-11 and DIN 1054 12 Figures Figure 1 —Plan of a rectangular foundation; designations for eccentricity in both axes. v9 Figure 2—The soll mass attached to a single pile Figure 3 — Determination of the characteristic pil ‘groups as a function of the corresponding settlement 94 OF A%24- Figure 1 — Allowable bearing pressure OxAMPIES) nn 7 Figure B.1 — Characteristic resistance settlement curve.. tow for square foundations on rock (informative Figure E.1 — Reduction factor o, as a function of the ratio of the pile centre-to-centre spacing 2: in the direction of the force and the pile shaft diameter D,.. 115 Figure €£.2— Reduction factors ogg and gz 35 a function of the ratio ofthe pile centreto-centre spacing ac perpendicular to the direction of the force and the pile shaft diameter 0, Hagj/0, « 2, a continuous wall may be assumed .. 116 Figure E.3— Reduetion factor a6 a function ofthe location ofthe pile within the pile group ... 116 ‘See page 6 for“)6 DIN 1054:2005-01 Preamble to this English translation Users of this English translation should note that it is identical to the original German version except inthe following: ‘The standard gives both the designations of limit states conventionally used in Germany but also fakes account of European developments by algo including the designations used in Eurocode 7 (DIN EN 1997), Thus, limit state GZ 1A is algo felerted to as the UPL, HYD or EQU timit state, GZ 1B as GEO-2, GZ 1€ as GEO-3, and the serviceability limit state GZ 2 as SLS. Both forms of designation are siven together. Moreover, an additional (informative) Annex C* has been included. itis an editorially revised version ‘of Annox ©, making it more usercriendly. Whenever reference is made to Annex C in the translation, the brackets contain the corresponding reference in Annex C*. ‘Supplementary backaround information In November 2004, Eurocede 7: Geotechnical design Part 4: General rules (EN 1997-1) was published by CEN. can now be applied in geotechnical design Io the European Member Slates. However, it was clear fiom the outset that EN 1907 would only be an umbrella code. A new geotechnical design standard, DIN 1058:2005-01 Ground — Verification ofthe safety of earthworks and foundations, was therefore drawn up in parallel with EN 1997 to make the latter operational for pracising engineers in Germany. The standard is pat of a new, unified German standards system for structural engineering, based on the Concept of partial Estely factors of the Eurocades for slructotal engineering. I is therefore compatible withthe requirements of BIN EN 1990:2002-10 Eurocode — Basis of sbuctural design and of EN 1997, For the STR and GEO limit states the folowing national choice of design approach was made: — Limit states of falure in the ground, except overall stably and slope stably, are referred to as GZ1B {GEO-2) states in the standard. They are verted using Design Approach 2 of EN 1997. In Germany that version Of Design Approach 2 is applied in which the entire calculation is performed using characteristic Values and the poral factors are introduced only at the end when the ultimate limit state condition is Checked (see StHUPPENER, B, ET. A. (1998) and GuDEHUS, G. & WesseNsAck, A. (1996). This design Spproach is referred to 28 DA 2° in Dasignars Guide fo EN 1997-1 by Frat, R. ET. aL. (2004). Design Spproach DA 2" was chosen a it isthe only design approach in EN 1997 that enables the safety level of the former German standard DIN 1054:1976-11 to be maintained (ScruPeeneR, B. & VOGT, N. (2005) This was necessary Desause serious problems regarding the acceptablly of the Eurocodes. would Otherwise have arisen In Germany dui the implementation of EN 1997 a5 the dimensions calculated {or geotechnical stuctures when applying EN 1997 are supposed to be approximalely the same as those obtained when applying the former global safety cono=pl — Limit states of overall stabilly and slope fallure are referred to as GZ 1C (GEO-3) limit states in the Slandatd, They are verliod by meane of Design Approach 3 of EN 1997-1 which was also included as an fplion in the former standard DIN 4084 Subsail — Caleulation of embankment failure and overall stabiity of retaining structures, Haintaining the safety level of the former global safety concept was not only held as a basic principle to improve the aoseptablity of Eurocodes to German civ engineers but it was also a necessary assumption for the determination and salaction of partial factors for geotechnical actions and resistances. In order to maintain the safety lave ofthe former global safely concept the equation JR * Yoa* Me must be faliled, where jg i the partial factor forthe resistance of the ground, zag Is the mean partial factor forthe effects of permanent and variable actions ane! gatas the former global safely factor, In Germany, it 9DIN 1054:2005-04 was decided to use the same values of the patal factors for permanent (75 = 1.35) and variable (iq = 1,50) tects of actions in geotechnical and in structural engingering. As the permanent actions are normaly greater {hon the variable actions in geotechnical eqgineering, a weighted mean value of 7oq * 1.40 was used when calculating the partial factor for the ground resistance jp forthe diferent verifications of geotechnical ultimate Tit states: R* Mgsal?0 For example, a partial factor forthe ground bearing resistance of 7a, 2,011.40 = 1.40 is derived with a global safety factor of ‘yep = 2.0. which is used in Germany for the vetiction of the ground bearing capacity. By appljing Design Approach 2 and iolgeducing the paxtial factors at the end of the calculation we oan avoid Sefety loopholes on the one hand and too conservative a design on the other hand. Moreover. factoring atthe {ond of he calculation enables the vetication ofthe ultimate limit state to Be used 2s input forthe investigation Of the serviceability limit state. 11 nol necessary to perform 2 second or even a third calculation for the ‘Senvceabilty imit stale 2s in Design Approach InN 1997, itis recommended that a distinction between favourable and unfavourable permanent actions be made by tsing afferent partial factors. This concept was implemented in the verification of the GEO-2 limi “lates of tension ple groups where the permanent tensilo effects of actions are factored by 1q = 1.35 and the ‘permanent compressive affacis of actions are factored by raja = 1.00. In all other cases, this problem is ‘overed by selecting an appropriate upper or lower characterstic value ofthe action under consideration, The serviceabiity limi state is referred to as GZ 2 (SLS). ‘There is a long tadiion in Germany of using load cases in geotechnical design to take account of diferent probabilities of falure and the need for different safety levels. DIN 1054:2005-01 therefore includes load cases, So did BIN 1054:1976-11. The standard species different values of partial factors for: — (oad Case 1 for permanent sitvations, — Load Case 2 for construction stage or temporary structures and — Load Case @ for accitental situations concerning both actions and resistances. Load Case 2, in which actions and combinations of actions that are temporary or occur rarely or only once in the ielme of a sucture ae invesligated, makes use of pareoraph (5) of subclause 2.4.7.4 of EN 1997. This fad case features a teduction in the partial factors for the effects of actions and, in some cases, also forthe resistances. In simple cases, EN 1997 permits the application of an Indirect method of design for spread foundations ing comparable experience and the results of field of leboraiory measurements or observations, ang chosen in relation to servceabiily imit state loads so as to satisfy the requirements ofall relevant limit tates” (Geo 6-4 (5)) This adcitonal possibity is included in DIN 1054:2005-01 for shallow and spread foundations. ‘Thus the characteristic value ofthe Deering pressure and the allowable bearing pressure (given in Annex A) nay be compared 2s a substitu for veriicaian of he GEO-2 and serviceabalty timitstotes provided certain roquirements concerning te ground and the geomet ofthe foundation are fuliled. This adaltional possiblity ip also given for drven piles (see Annex C), provided certain requirements conceming the ground and the ‘geometry ofthe piles are fulilted ‘Thus, by using Design Approach DA 2 and applying the pari factors at the end of the calculation, DIN 1084:2005-01 wil ansure nat geotechnical structures are designed not only economically but also with a sufficiently high level of safety ‘According o the provisions lakd down by the European Commission in Guidance Paper L— Application and tise of Eutocodes, national standards i the technical fields in which European standards exist must be 10DIN 1054:2005-01 \sithdeawn after @ tansitionat period (SCHUPPENER, B. (2005), Therefore, DIN 1064 will also have to be ‘nthdrawn, probably 2070.1 wail hen be replaced by a National German Annex incorporating — the values of te partial safety factors, =the selected national sign approaches, — specications onthe use ofthe informative annexes of EN 1997 and _— references to non-confcting complementary information to assist the user in applying the Eurocode, “The most important reference wil be toa revised version of DIN 1054. Those parts of DIN 1054:2005-01 that [ie already Covered by EN 1997 wal be omitted from the revised version ofthe slandard and the remainder ‘ull be reorganized according to the sttucture and contanis of EN 1997 to render it more user-friendly. The revised DIN 1054 wil then only contain addtional information and guidance and will no longer dupbcate any of the provisions of EN 1997. The English ranslation of DIN 1054 wal therefore conte to be @ useful and valid {oot beyond 2010. ‘Annexes F and G are transitional provisions for German codes which apply the global safety concept. [SCHUPPENER, B. & VOGT, N. (2005), Favourable and unfavourable actions in the veiicaion of the bearing ‘capacity of footings, Proceedings of the Intemational Workshop on the Evaluation of Eurocode 7, editor TLL. tr, published by the Depariment of Civ, Suctural and Enviconmental Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, hreland ScHurreneR, B. (2095) European limit slate geotechnical design codes, Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Evaluation of Eurocade 7 in Dublin, editor T.L.L. Orr, published by the Department of Civil, Stuctural and Environmental Engineering, Tnity College, Dublin, Wetand [ScHUPPENER, B. ET AL. (1998), ECT ~ A cntical review and @ proposal for an improvement: a German perspective, Ground Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 10. Werssenesci, A, GUDEHUS, G. & ScHUPPERER, B. (1999), Proposals for the application of the partiat safety {ctor concept in geotechnical engineering, Geotechnik spacial issue 1999, Verlag Gllickauf Essen "IN 1054:2005-01 Foreword “This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee 05,01,00 “Safety in Earthworks and Foundation Engineenng’ of the Normonausschuss Beuwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committ) of BIN Deutsches Institut fir Normung €. V. as part of 2 nen, inlegrated system of German standards for Ssructural engineering based an the concept of pital safely factors, “The following reference documents played a leading role: DIN V 1054-100:1996-04, Verification of the safely of earthworks and foundations — Part 100: Calcultions, sing the concept of partial safety factors Geman comments on DIN V ENV 1997-1:1996-04, Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules DIN 1055-100:2008-03, Actions on structures — Part 100: Basis of siructural design, safety concept and design rules ‘and, to some extent, DIN 1054:1976-11, Subsoll — Permissible loading of sutbscit ‘IN 4014:1900-03, Bored ples — Construction procedure, design and bearing behaviour bit 4026:1975-06, Driven ples — Construction provedure, design and permissible load DIN 4125:1990-11, Ground anchorages — Temporary and permanent anchorages — Desig, construction ‘and testing DIN 4128:1980-04, Injection ples (in-situ concrete ples and composite piles) with small diameter — Construction procedure, design and permissible ads, “This standard is coordinated with th following harmonized European Standards oF draft Standards: Din EN 1536:1999-08, Execution of special geotechnical work — Bored ples DINEN 1597:2001.01, Execution of special geoleenical work ~ Ground anchors DIN EN 1536:2000.07, Execution of special geotechnical work — Diaphragm walls DIN EN 12068:1990.05, Execution of special geotechnical work — Sheet pile walls DIN EN 12699:2001-05, Execution of special geotechnical wrk — Displacement piles Ditv EN 12716:2000-10, Execution of special gectechncal work — Grouting DIN EN 12716-20012, Execution of special geolectnical work — Jet grouting E DIN EN 14199:2001-08, Execution of speciat geotechnical work — Mlropies. tn addon, this standard forms the basis fr the revision ofthe following restandards: INV 4017-100:1996-08, Soll — Caloulation of design bearing capacity of soil beneath shallow eundalions — Part 100: Analysis in accordance withthe parla safety factor concept 2DIN 1054:2005-01 int v 4019-100:1996-04, Soil — Analysis of settlement — Part 100; Analysis in accordance with the partial safety factor concept DIN V 4084-109:1996-04, Soi! — Calculation of slope and embankment flue and overall stability of retaining siruciures — Part 100: Analysis in accordance wit the partial safely factor concept DIN V 4085-100:1996-44, Soil — Caloulalion of earth pressure — Part 100: Analysis in accordance with the partial safety factor concept INV 4128-100:1996-04, Diaphragm walls — Par 100: Analysis in accordance with the partial safety factor ‘concent. Furthermore, this standard complies withthe framework for the application of the partial safety factor concept ‘according tothe following European Standards and draft Standards: EN 19902002, Eurocode: Basis of structural design E DIN EN 1997-1, Eutocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: Generat rules, ‘This document ulilizes the scope for action and the opportunities for interpretation provided by the two “forementoned standards and DIN 1055-100 in order lo come as close as possible to the German position as, {described inthe German comments on DIN V ENV 1997-1:1906-04, Amendments “The fotowing amendments have baen mado lo DIN 1054:2008-01. 4) Corrections and edtrial amendments have been made, 1b) Tha Normative referonces' clause has been corrected 19) Changes and adions have heen made to the content d) Annex F “Transition arrangements for standards based on the old concept of analysis with global safety {aclors” and Annex G “Transtion arrangements for acknowledged technical rues for works based on the ‘ld concept of analysis witn global safely factors" have been added, Previous editions DIN 1054:1994-08, 1980.08, 1953-10, 1969-11, 1976-11, 2000-01 DIN 4014:1960-12, 1969-11 mu 4014-1:1975-08 DMN 4014-2:1977-09 DIN 4026:1962.07, 1975-08 in 4125:1990-11 in 4125-1:1972-06, 1986-03, DIN 4125-2:1976-02 DIN 4128:1983.08 1 Scope “This standard deats with the stability and serviceabily of foundations and geotechnical structures. it applies to the execution and use of Such struclures, including alteration work to existing structures. it defines the limit Slates inuenced by the ground and sets Gul principles and provisions for the relevant verifications. BDIN 1054:2005-01 _The standard applies primarily tothe following stuctues and substructures: 2) foundations, e.g shallow foundations ple foundations; by etaining structures, e.9.orviy was ©) slope stabilisation, e.g. by means of soll and ook nals; 4) structures embeded inthe ground, 9. open-cut tunnels; ©} temporary geotechnical stuctires. 9. retaining walls for excavations; 1) carthworks, eg, embankments, cus Italso applies to nature! slopes “The structures mentioned in b) to #) af@ known 2s geotechnical strctures, in contrast to foundations. This Contrast emphasizes the following points: — for foundations, the actions imposed by the superstructure are generally provided by the designer of the structure; — for geotechnical structures, the actions are principaly dictated during the geotechnical design process, Opencast coal mines are not coverad by this standard Diferent safely requirements apply to this fleld and errccared by olner geological and geotechnical investigations preliminary reconnaissance and monitoring NOTE 1 tn-certain cases, a geotechnical sucure can aso be the foundation of a suture, NOTE 2 Further infamation onthe sonpe is given atthe beginning of clauses 7 10 12 2. Normative references ‘The following reference documents are indispensable for the appicalion of this document. For dated Telerences, only the eaition cited apples. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced ‘document (including any amendments) appies, DIN 1045-1, Plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures — Pad 4: Design and construction DIN 1052, Design of timber structures — General rules and rules for buildings — Part 1: Design and construction DIN 1055-1, Actions on structures — Part 1: Densities and weights of building materials, structural elements ‘and stored materials DIN 1055-2, Actions an sructures — Part 2: Sof propertos DIN 1055-3, Actions on strectues — Pat 3: Selfwsight and imposed foads in bulings E DIN 1055-4, Actions on structures — Pat 4 Wind fonds DIN 1055-5, Actions on sinetures — Part 5: Snowioads and fe fads DIN 1055-8, Actions on structures — Pat 8: Actions during execution [BIN 1055-9, Actions on structures — Part 9: Accidental actions 4DIN 1054:2005-01 DIN 1055-10, Basis of design and action on siwctures — Part 10; Actions induced by cranes and machinery ‘DIN 1055-100:2001-03, Actions on structures — Part 100: Basis of design, safely concept and design rules E DIN 4017, Soit— Calculation of design boaring capacty of soll beneath shallow foundations DIN V 4019-109, Soi!— Analysis of settiement — Part 100: Analysis in accordance with partial safety factor concept BIN 4020,1990-10, Geotechnical investigations for cl engineering purposes DIN 4021, Ground exploration by excavation, bering and sampling DIN 4022-1:1987-09, Subsoil and groundwater — Classification and description of soil and rock — Borehole logging of soil and rock not invelving continuous core sample recovery DIN 4028, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Presentation of borehole fog DIN 4030-1, Assessment of water, soll and gases for their aggressiveness fo concrete; principles and fimting values DIN 4084, Subsoi!— Calculations of farain in justifies cases and slope in justified coses E DIN 4085, Subsod — Calculation of earth pressure DIN 4004-1, Subsoi— Fold investigations — Part 1: Cons penoration lets DIN 4094-2, Subs! — Fata testing — Part 2: Borehole dynamic probing DIN 4094-3, Subsoi— Field testing — Part 3: Dynamic probing DIN 4094-4, Subsoil— Feld testing — Par 4: Field vane fest DIN 4123, Excavation, foundation and underpinnings adjacent to existing butings DIN 4124:2002-10, Excavations and renches — Slopes, planking and stuting. breadth of working spaces DIN V 4126-100, Diaphragm walls — Pat 100: Analysis n accordance with the patil safety fector concept DIN 4149, Buildings in German eorthquake zones — Design loads, analysis and structural design of buldings DIN 4460-1, Vibrations in buiings — Part 1: Prediction of vibration parameters Din 4150.2, Vibrations in buldings — Part 2: Effects on persons in bulaings iN 4150-3, vitrations in buildings — Pat : Effects on structures DIN 18121-1, Determination of water cantntof sol by the oven-drying method DIN 18122-1, Soi, investigation and testing — Consistency limits — Pert 1: Determination of liquié limit and plastic init IN 18126, Determination of minimum and maximum dry densi of non-cohesive sol IN 18127, Determination of dry densiyimoistue content relationship (Proctor test) DIN 18136, Soi — Investigation and testing — Uncontined compression test 15DIN 1054:2005-01 bit 18196:1988-10, Soi classifcaton for ci engineering pumoses DIN 18900-1, Siructura stealwark — Design and construction pit 18600-1141, Structural steslvork — Design and construction iw 18800-2, Sructualstesivork ~ Anais of safely against buckling ofinear members an frames Din 19800-2181, Structural steelwork — Analysis of safety agains! bucking ofirear members and frames DIN EN 208-1, Concrete — Part 1: Speciation, perfomance, production and conformity Din EN 1836, Execution of apecial geotechnical work — Bored piles DIN EN 1887.2001-01, Execution of special geotechnical works — Ground anchors: German version Din EW 1898, Execution of speciat geotechnical work — Dlaphvagm was DINV EN 1997, Geotechnical design DIN EN 12699, Execution of special geotechnical work — Displocement ples DIN EN 12794, Prcast concrete foundation piles DIN EN 14199, Execution of special geotechnical works — Micropies Diterechbercht (DIN Technics! Report) 190, Wechselwirkung BaugrundBauwerk— Flachgrindungen (Goil/structure interaction — Shallow foundations)? EAB, Empfehiungen des Arbotsireices “Baugniben (Recommendations of the Working Group for Excavations), published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft far Geotechnik eV. (Gexman Society for Geotechnics, GGT}, 4% edition? EEEAU, Empfeblungen des Arbollsausschusses “Ufereinfassungen, Hafen und Wassersraten” {Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Stuctutes, Harbours and Waterways), published by the Race chuse -Ulereinfassungen" (Commitee for Waterfont Sinuctures) of the Hafenbautechnische Gaettcehafte-V. (Harbour Construction Sciety) end the Deutsche Gesettschaft far Geotechnik e.V., Bertin, 10” edition??? EBGEO, Empfeniungen fir Bewehrungen aus Geckunststofen (Recommendations for reinforcement using grosynthetics), Deutsche Geseitschaft fir Geotechnik eV.) EEVB, Emplehtungen -Verformungen des Baugrundes bei baulichen Anlagen”, (Recommendations: Deformation ofthe subsol below structures), Deutsche Gesellschaft far Geotectiik e.V.2") -Musterbauordnung (Model Butding Code) 2002 “ZTV-Tunnel Zusazlche Technische Vertragsbedingungen und Richtinien for den Bau von SiraBentunneln — Tad, Ofane Bauwvise (Additonol technical confractual conkiiions and guidelines for road. tunnel 4), Ontainabe tom Beuth Veriag GmbH, 10772 Besin. 2) Obtainabo from: Velag Est und Sah, Beto, Germany. *) inpreparation, 46DIN 1054:2005-01 ‘construction — Past 2: Open construction), Bundesminster fir Verkehr (German Federal Ministry of Transport? {1]_ Empfehtungen for slatische und dynamische Probebelastungen von Pféhien (Recommendations fr state ‘and dynamic pile tests), Working Group 2.1 "Piles" ofthe Deutsche Gesellcchat fir Geotechnik eV. 1998, [2]_Merkblatt aber den Einfluss der Hintetalung aut Bauwerke (Code of practice on the influence of backfill, fn structures), Farschungsgesellschat fur Suatien und Verkehrswesen (Road and Transportaion Research Association, GSV), Koln, 1994. [B], Richtinio far con Entwurt, dio Bemessung und den Bau von Kombinierten Piah-Prattengrindungen {(KPP) (Guideline for the design, dimensioning and construction of plod-saft foundations), DIBI, DGGT,, Date, [4] Bedingungen far die Anwendung des Bauverfahrens “Bewlvte Erdo” (Requirements for the application Of the “Reinforosd Earth” construction method), Bundasministeium fir Verkehr (German Federat Ministry of Transport (BMV ARS 4/1985)), Highway Enginoering Department, Bon, 1985. 3. Terms, definitions and symbols 34. Terms and definitions For the purpose ofthis standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 24.4 Gener terms and definitions ata ‘eround Ratural, tipped or manufactured soil or rock on which 2 structure is founded or in which a structure is ‘embedded. 3442 Construction works results of construction operations, consisting of loadbearing and non-losdbearing components, which 2 intimate contact with the ground (ke. a owl and structural engineering structure Such as a house, bridge, of lowes) [DIN 1055-100:2001-03}, NOTE A stucturein which spec geotechnical actions dominate ks known 2s a geotechnical sauctur, 3443. ‘effoct of action result of simultaneous actions or @ combination of actions on the structure or is parts or al a given location (cross-section) on the structure [DIN 105-100:2001-03} 3444 action {forces or deformations acting on the structure [DIN 1055-100:2001-03), NOTE 1 Actions incada forces er dofomations ating on the ground. NOTE 2. The toms “Sract acto’, “iret aston’, “sais action’, “predominantly permanent action’. “quaststatic Soton’, dyaamé actor’, tempera ivasabie acon, Yomporaty vriable actor, -pesmanent scion", variable actor” 8) Recorded in the BITR datanaca of DIN Software Gm. Obtainabe from Forschungegesslechaft for Srafan- une ‘Varkehrswasen (FOSV), Kona Adenauer SifaBo 13, 50086 Koln, Gemany. 7‘DIN 1054:2005-04 saceiental cto’, selanie actin’ "ocaly viable actin’ ed aon’ Wael variable ation” and tee action” ae etined in DN 1055-100:2001-03 3448 structure Sitinized arrangement of connected load bearing and sifening structural elements, designed such that Seen beenng. capacity. (e:9. foundations, supports, girders, floors, dvidng wats) Is guaranteed {DIN 1055-100:2001-03}, NOTE In this slandar, “structure” 05 used inthis context predoinanily refers 19 that pat which resis upon OTE on contraction savor the word "superstars sometimes substiuied for struct aAas. ‘ground resistance: Fosisonee due to strength end stifness of the ground 34.2 Terms and definitions rel jing to the safety concept 3azt design value cane tf an action, an effect or resistance used 26 the basis of a timit state analysis; denoted by the index 3422 characteristic value cate Gf on action or a resistance, it being assumed that, with a given probably, this value will not be wee Sud or talon sho of during the reference period, taking the hifime and the relevant design situation of the structure into consideration; tis denotes by the index "k” NOTE According to Dit 1055-100:2001-03, he characteristic vale is he primary representative value fo ations n Te Eine stondard, the folowing adincnal representative valvas are defined for variable actions: combination value ee ereraquon value, quasrpemanent valu. In is standard, he “chaacteic value of 8 parameter fs ony ae aed edeiances to whee the defeiion ghen above apptes without resricion contrast to Ws the eee ioe tom “choraconstic parameter fe Used for al Gtived urls ol are eer the esul fasta! analysis using Fee vee oc roveccenatve inp values of scons of using characterise input valves of resistances o that are the eau of 9 correlation o characters alues of sol properses. 3423 ‘combination of actions ‘Specification of simuftanzous actions to be conskered inthe vetficaion ia question aa24 limit state condition ‘Comparison of design values inthe fermat of an inequation for verification ofa fim state NOTE The imi state condition fled or veces of safety against teaching a kt sao is sais f the sum of De desgn veo he governing actors or elects of acions is small than or equal othe governing reistances 3425 Timit state of foss of static equilibrium (GZ 1A) (EQU, UPL and HYD) {alure of the structure through loss of equlibrium whout rupture, €.9. uplif or hydrautic heave (boil) 3.128 iimit state of falure of structures or structural elements (GZ 4BYSTR and GEO-2) {allure of structural elements or 2 structure by failure in the structure or the supporting ground, .9. structural failure of structural elements, bearing capacity failure, sliding, Faure of the earth support 8aa27 limit state of lose of overall stability (GZ 10) (GEO-3) falure of the ground, including, where applicable, sirctures on or in the soil, due to rupture of the ground, including, where applicable, rpiure in bearing elements, eg, slope faiure, overall stabil failure 31.28 ‘serviceability limit state (GZ 2) (StS) Condition of the structure which, # exceeded, means thatthe conditions specified for the use of the structure fare no longer flilled. A distinction is made between: — reversible limit states (no permanent violation ofthe limit slate after moval ofthe relevant action) and — irreversible limit states (permanent violation of the limit state after removal of the relevant action} [Din 1085-100:2001-03), 3129 Load Case specification of mutually compatible toad configurations, daformatons and imperfections to be considered for given verification [OI 1035-100:2001-03) NOTE Funthomore, ofthe salety requremens lanard establishes a fk to Safty Classes, i the resistances aro cassie 2s 2 function 3.4.2.10 rominal value Nolue specified directly a5 a design value and not by means of partial factors or other safety elements (2. ‘esign cross-section) 3A.2.44 Safety Class, ‘lassification of geotechnical resistances as 2 function ofthe safety requirements aa212 partial safety factor {actor for determining the design values of actions, effets of actions or resistances from the representative or characteristic values [DIN 1055-100-2001-03} 34.3 Geotechnical terms and definitions. 3aa4 ‘shallow foundation foundation with a shaiow embedment depth ia which the loads are predominantly transmitted tothe ground at the foundation base 3.4.32 Spread foundation foundation of any embedment depth in which the loads are transmitted tothe ground over a large foundation base area, generally cross the complete area of the structure 34.33 ‘combined pile-raft foundation ‘composite Geotechnical structure with a common support effect from rat foundations and piles for transmiting the structural loads to the ground 19DIN 1054:2005-01 2434 Slope stabilisation by structural elements permanent of temporary stabilication of = Stements and a surface stabilisation that, ap fore2s into the ground insmade or natural slope, consisting of stabilising stucturat torn ts own weight, s unable fo transit horizontal or vertical 2438 bearing pressure peitaot stress atthe founclation base by means of which the foress from the foundation are Wransmited to the frcund 3.136 retaining wall ‘raul wall or braced or anchored wall with enibedded toe that is capable of resisting horizontal and vertical foads and transmitting them tothe ground 3437 ‘retaining structure ‘hructure for lemporary or pormanent stabilisation of a terrace, a man-made slope or @ natural slope NOTE “Retin ce rs asso ein wasp statin by Sut 3.2 Symbols Table 1 — List of symbols Wo. | Symbat | Designation Unit | ClauselEquation aa Foundation base area m [Pastis 2 | 4° ___| Effective foundation base area m [raat 3 |__| Characterstis hydrostatic up force wy [93465) a [te | Grose-sectonal rea ofa see enon me | 942.(44) S| | Side with of apie with square cross-section m [eas ‘Design value of ne horizontal component of the | Fra | resultant support force/around reaction tin | 40.6.3, 49) Horizontal component of the resultant characteristic 7 | fox | support forcelground reaction knin | 1042 ala FResillant characteriste support frce/ground reaction | kMim | 7.4.2 o| aa | Veal canpenotaineeiartcraacerste PP" Tum | 1063.60 vole With ofa stip foundation a [ret ule Elective width ofa stip foundation mm [rr2a With of the foundation in -drection m | 754,(17) ‘Width ofthe foundation in y-direction m (751,07) “Effective widlh ofthe foundation in direction mm [r7nen Effective width of the foundation in direction m | 7z.2n‘Table 4 (continued) DIN 1054:2005-04 No. | Symbol Designation Unit_| Clauselequation 6 « ‘Gonesion of drained sl effective cohesion), generat | kNim® [53.2 “7 [ ca | Design cohesion of drained col (etecive cohesion) | Nim | 64.2, (50) : “Characierse cohesion of drained sal 2 18] ek | efecve cohesion) ain? 1642.69) 79 | a___| Design vakie of echesion, general wane [62.1 7a [a __| Charectoritic value of cohesion, general wm? [624 2i [ey | Shear strength (cohesion) ofundrsined sot, general | unin | 53.2 [cas | Deston shear strength (cohesion) of undrained soi | in? | 64.2, (60) 2a [ean | Saabs aear Sera canesion ofundrined Vigan [78.3 Bf [Relative density = [area 25[D,___| Pile shaft cameter 345 26 [Dy __| Plebase diameter 242, 29) 2 | Ber __ | Proctor density = [52 za Embedment depth mart Design valve of the effect of ations on a single ple at 29) Fis | troultimate mt state, general - [set 5 ‘Gharacieristc vale of he effect of actions ona single 30) Fix | pte at the uma iit state, genera! ~ [es Design value ofthe effect of actions on a single pleat b z - 34| 2a | tha serviceabity imi slate, general bos ‘haracertc vate of he effect factions on a single 22) Fax | peat ine sericeabiy iit slat, general ~ jess Z| Fou | Design vaue of the eect of permanent actions, general |- | 612 3] & Characiorstc value ofthe etectot pomanentactons, |_| gaz ox | genera ‘Characianss value of he effect of variable elons, 35] £ox | Senet - [ere Design value ofthe effect of variable actions, general [- [6.42 Hera comynent io chndesicaanee® lum [1193 Ts fax |atomeeent tte acer sawece Yann | na 35 | Eq___| Design value of an eect of actions, goneral = [eas Wo | Far | Design vale of the effect ofthe th action = [as2 Ti] A | Gharacterste vaio ofthe effet af actions, goneral—|- | 64.4 aDIN 1054:2005-01 Table 4 (continued) Tio. | Symbol Designation Unit_| CiauselEquation GE| Fas __| Characters value ofthe effect of he ith acon 432 73 | Epa __| Desan passe earth prossue watin_[ 7a Design vive ofthe horznial component of he passive 48) £na | Coan pressure wim | 1082.49) Te [roa [tonteoneownt ae ademicaishe se Yum [058,60 Fe [Fox _| Characteristic passive earth pressure wim [744 Gr | Eup | Representative vous oftieeectcf actions, generat [=| 6.12 Fe [Fax | Characters consirsined modes wine [845.60 72 [ox | Gharacoristis passive earth pressure sess win? [74.4 (00) T, | Rarzonta component a th characteris passive earth 50] ssn | pressure sess ium? | 952 51 | femene bilan sargoent fhe cerca pease earth win? |7-44,(10) fa | Een ooreinabeion ress reitert | |7.52,c10) sifa femanayeTeonvennateoia ressre reat |, [75.3.8 Zi] Foc | Characteraic chearforceinihe GZ IA(UPL) mitsite [=| 133.2,(66) | Fas __ | Charanerste value of the nh acto, general = fase 36 | Fa __| Besian va ofan acon, general = [ean a7 |F_| Gharacternic value of an action, general = [eae Z| fix | Characteristic tonsil strength ofa steel endon wm [9s 32 [oan | Characoristi sess at 0.1 Se parmanent sain wi [942.4 | Characterste submorgod salweight ofthe sok atached 80 | Gex | toa group of tension elements me [854.08 ci], | taeceste stoned sorwnnarmesecsioed [yyy [145,(02 5 Characterctic vate of unfavourable permanent actions: 82] Gras | inthe G2 14 (UPL it sate wy [854.00 Tran | Characters valve of favourable permanent ects in 83] Gus | the 2 18 (UPL it state wr [884.047 wefan [romenetconecet ate ceeaesictews iy [ara G5 [Fo | Coefcint of enh pressure a est = [asses 22Table 1 (continued) DIN 1054:2005-01 No. | Symbot Designation Unit_[ Clause/equation 68 | fe ‘Creep displacement rate am [aa |= Tax | Characterstic modulus of subgrade reaction kn? | 8.45 ele [Length ofa tension element m (854. (35) eof), Larger grid spacing m (854,035) 70% ‘Smallor gd spacing m_[esa.@5) 7 [ x ‘Number of pile toad vests = [842 (28) \ Permanent component of the characteristic resultant 72) Nex | effect af actions normal to the foundation base kw [782 ‘Design resultant effect of actions normal i the 73) Na foundation base wn [782 ‘Characteristic resultant effect of actions normal to the m4) foundation base ky | 74s.) Variable component ofthe characteristic resultant effect 75| Nox | of actions normat tothe foundation base (or failure mn [732 plane) 7 | Number ef equal tension elements (piles) = 854, (65) 77| Fe ___| Proof oad for anchor tests wn [aaa 78] & Characteristic value of unfavourable variable actions [kN [ 854, (34) 79 |e ‘CPT cone resistance accoraing to DIN 4034-1 in? [7724 oo eax | haat vali of oti stn ion (aha wm? [es at | te ‘Unconfined compressive strength nim? [7734 @2| ux | Charactaratic uncontined compressive strengih anim [7.7.5.1 (23) ele ‘Bearing capanty or aval resistance ofa single pile ww [eas ea] Bearing capacity ofa pile atthe ulimate limit state nN feat 5 ‘Design bearing capacity fa ple atthe ulinate kit a5[ a. | See kn 85.1, (62) ce| Aa | heretic boning cavacyercharecesteie Ty [aaa a7 [Rina | plein vate ofbeaing capacity rom mea 6ST ay | 342 88 | Fimmn | Smatlest ple bearing capacity fromloadtest results [kN | 84.2 wo] Fig | esavave of ple beaing capacities rom tnstet Tay | ga 90 | Re Beating capaciy of ple atthe servceabitytimit state [kN | 8.44 ot [Rog | Den Deana canecy ofa pte atte serceabaty im Tiny [36.1, 29 23DIN 1054:2005-04 Table 4 (continued) re Scraon Gar [emateqaton 93 | Rao Design pulbout resistance aN 944 srt Rac [odessa eae wefan [ae a [oot amore fa ste io wo fees Tie] a was tet nr edt war] ea2.00 sol aera fra “ea |r [Reds ofa err onanion a frum ola |Mouaigectianyeareutmamseete Lm (rsa) veel Semone ies mde 113) ‘Settlement of the pile head at the ultimate limit stale m 8.4.2, (29) ba [Ree om — [osm |Wmenstsesenismnmicie eS |m | 21 Faves 116 [sana | artim ore accnible carats sotiemontcl }m | 86.1.Fowes 118 | Sy ‘Settlement atime mm O44 24 i‘Table t (continued) DIN 1054:2005-01 ve [te _|eeaemnarin Seigler ww [rane wena 1241 Tox | actions parallel lo the foundation base ky [782 we] Fax [Vege cannon igceoeisicatenctaaons Ty [ra 129] ¥ | Vertical force component, general KN 6.24 Sh [ogee TROIS Pw Yrosews weal oe [escent sera om m_[rsncn walneal won m_[rancn) ole foe cers fase Waseem TT a fms wala Teeter enone | Yana 25DIN 1054:2005-01 Table 4 (continued) Te [Sama Tasipaton Tr [Caan Se [aaearomentaseetmermoen | [oat tate? weal ay | Patan fr se ca nese Tye car [oe | ana txeatins, grral ~esa a8 | Pet otro pormaner sos ora — [ean Terao or avr perane alana 149 | 7e.es1 GZ 4A (UPL) limit state “ 7 6.4.1, Table 2 Patalnan tr roa jomunen cise | : 150 | Fest GZ 1A (UPL and HYD) limit states 6.4.1, Table 2 ei ra ona ar orang esttres Teas a Le ee CE veha [passa cosas cteoeniontrana | [aaa.raea wala [Panaracer fhe paroavesmanectoenvaie | _[eaatabea eraser conse se lo ao 156 | ‘capacity obtained from empirical values: - 6.42, Table 3 ca ro canpressne le mageamnss | we 17 obtained from pte load testing 6.42, Table 3 Se 7 158 | mm from pile load testing: 642, Tathe 3 ee fo attr ruta ate ars fences Tara ods iovowaie vrais conse 160 | ra.ast GZ 1A (UPL) limit state — 64.4, Table 2 i [m_ [emer ar rronomress fe see || Pv or rein pe To feazteaes “63 [ [er ctr orcs Tosa om Patria feaw iewsvwameamre |. fens @ Paracel owompicssncaton» |~_[eaa ve weit dehy vate Taam? [ona Trai teieon ts cameos Tos antennal |. Ly wr to the wall aa I, “angle betwoen the passive earth pressure foree and the we romalothenat [824 ie [| ten of eutnt eeaons lm 26DIN 1054:2005-01 Table 1 (cominved) No. | Symbol Designation Unit_] ClauserEquation 170 a, | Characteristic base fetion angle . 74.3, (14) ila Calibration factor =__|aa 172| Factor for determining the anchor test load = [eaten Factor for determining upper end lower lil values of 173 « acceptable settlement in the serviceability imitstate of |- | 86.4, 40) piles wale Corian for evalvaton ofsinglo loWeadiest Lag 9 175 | my | Characteristic negative pile skin fretion kuin? [83.3 176 | ax __ | Characteristic horizontal sess inthe ground enim? [852 177 | &% __| Effective vertical stress in the ground kaim? | 83.3, 25) 178 | Gon _ | Resultant characterise bearing pressure kein? | 77.1, (22) 179 | Caray | Allowable bearing pressure in? | 727.4, (22) 180 | 6s Design angle of shearing resistance ofthe sol, general [~ 624 wile hart angle of seating ressnce oe sok,_ oot 12 Ange of seaingestance cane sh eecive sae 103] a | Dy al of tenn ratios ot daned so : 6.42, 60) tou [ok | Sebel ange ol saan estionce of daned | ee 185 a ‘Angle of shearing resistance of undrained sol, generat 532 NOTE Further symbols re deserbed in the Annexes 4” General provisions for safety verifications 44 Basic requirements (1) Since the execution of foundations and geotechnical structures requires thorough planning and preparation, the designer must be suitably qualified and experienced in geotechnical engineering. Based on his ov geotechnical competence and after consuling his client the designer shall decide whether the assistance of a geotechnical expert Is neaded, see 4.2(1) 8) and c) NOTE Section 54 ofthe Musterhauerdnung (Mode Buiing Code) 2002 states that: (1) “The designer shat! be spprprately qualia and experienced to plan the steve. He ie responsible for the completeness andthe practicability ofthe design. The desgnoe shal ensure thal each of he necessary plans, cleans ‘2nd nstucons required fr execution ofthe dosgn las the provisions.” aTDIN 1054:2005-01 2) “Wve designers not steny cused and experienc ina special fel! he shal engage an apnonae ee 2) ie desncile forthe documents he progices and whieh he mst sgn. The designer # response for ‘aging the work caied oul by fhe expers” (2) Mahal be vered wih adequate probability that ultimate tii states (GZ 1) (STR, GEO2, GEO-2, UPA 2) A70) and servceabitty Tint states wil not oocur. The vetiicaion shall be performed according t0 (3) iless the possibilities of (4) are utilize. {@) Safety shall be deemed verfoa i the imi state conditions are nt violated inthe aleuatons. The most Oe nenechanisms, combinations and hydraulic conditons shal be investigated for this purpose. The snitprum condor hall be adhered to when esabishing te it state conditions an upper and a lower Cae araac value have been used, the most unfavourable value shall be opted in the calculations, A) In simple cases (n pari for shallow foundations according 1 7.7, fr slopes and for retaining walls in sions ond trenches according ¥o DIN 3124), tabular values may be used. In complex cases, adoption of the observational method according to 4.5 may prove useful (6) Random deviations of actions, of effets of actions (e.g intemal forces, stresses and stains) and of (o Nanoes shall be suificienly taken inio account by pattal safety factors and other safety elements (@.. ‘Sesign water levels) in order to achieve the required level of softy. 4.2. Geotechnical Categories (GC) (1) The minimum requirements on the extent and qualty of geotechrical investigations, cateuations end Co toring measures are a function of the three Geotechnical Categories (GC). The requitements of the Meetechnial investigation repor aro descrbed in DIN4020, Adaionally the Geotechnical Categories ve eee n GIN 4020 as classes fo which construction works are assigned aocording to the complexity of the serra of the around condiions and of the inleracion between the structure, the ground and the SSurounding area inthe following way: 18) Geotechnical Category GC 1 includes construction projects of a tw feel of comofesy wth regard to the eoturs and the ground. For structures of GC 1 the stably and servceabilty can be verified using Simplified procedures based on experience, b) Geotechnical Category GC 2 includes construction projects of medium complexity with regard to the eee the ground, For styclures of GE 2, Weatment by an engineer is required anda verification ae i mate ana serviceabily imi sisles by caleuation shall be performed. Moreover, a geotechnical ‘Sesign report (see 4.6) shall be wile 16) Gectochnical Category GC 3 includes construction projects ofa high level of complexity and construction Srjects hat cannot be ploced in Geotechnical Categories GC 1 of GC 2. Apart from weiFyustiied cases, Pe ruction projects ia whch the observational method # applied shall be placed i Geotechnical Gateyory GC. For structures of GC 3, veaiment by an engineer is required and verification of the rea ea serviceabilty init sales by calculation shal be performed based on addtional investigations see et npstonce and experence in the relevant special feld, Moreover, a geotechnical design teport (see 4.6) shal be writen, NOTE The geotechnical investigation report a the geotechnical design rapa can be writen by the same person yoTGecd he or abe hs tne necessary competence and expenenco, Whe reports are witlen by diferent persons the cen Should dafine thee oepective reas of responsibility (2) The construction project shal be placed in a Geotechnical Category al the beginning ofthe design stage, Rueie Ss shalt be ia higher Geotechnical Category If subsequent fndings suggest this is necessary ‘Glassifcaton ina lower Geotechnical Category may be effected if warranted by subsequent findings. {@) tks not necessary to place the entire construction project in one and the same Geotechnical Category {ndividuel eonstruetion stages or phases may be placed in wer Geotechnical Categories. 28DIN 1054:2005-01 (4) Detailed classifications can be found in clauses 7 to 12, Ise of these categories is recommended. 43 Ultimate Limit States (GZ 1} (ULS) 43.4 624A (EQU, UPL and HYD) limit states: Limit state of loss of static equifibrium Safety against failure by uplit and hydraulic heave shal be analysed and verified. For this purpose, the design ales of favourable and unfavourable actions a¢e to be compared inthe limit state conditions, No resistances ‘Scour in the G2 1A (ECU, UPL and HYD) hil states, See clauses 6 and 11 NOTE For veriicaion of safely agains fae y overtuming see 75. 43.2. G2 4B (STR and GEO-2) limit states: Limit state of failure of the structure and of structural elements (1) tt shall be demonstrated that gaotechnical structures and structural elements are dimensioned sufficient. + 2c this purpose, ne design Values ofthe effects of actions are compared to the design values of resistances, regardless of whether the ulimale lini stale occurs inthe structure or inthe ground. See clauses 7 1010. (2) This standacs assumes the following procedure when dimensioning a structure of individual structural Gmtents for the GZ 1B (STR and GEO-2) lil staies ino olher procedure is expedient i individual cases or {5 required by other provisions, e.g. 8.52 (1). 4, Preliminary design of the structure and definition ofthe static system; 2. Determination of characteristic values Fi, of actions, 2.9, ftom self-neight, earth pressure, water pressure ‘of tafic and, where necessary, specification of characterisis values or olher representative values of foundation loads accoraing to 6.4.2; 13, Determination of characteristic elfects of actions Fy (e.g. shear forces, support forces, bending moments) of sesses (e-9. normal stresses, shear siress, effective stresses) in relevant sections ofthe Stucture and atthe solistucture interface, Separated according to causes: 44. Determination of characteristic resistances Ry of the ground, e.g. passive earth pressure, bearing capacity, bearing capacity of piles or pull-out resistance of anchors, by calculations, 1oad tests or empirically, Determination of design values £4, of effects of actions by multiplication of characteristic effects of actions &;,, with the parla factors of actions {8 Determination of the design values Rqj of resistances of the ground by division of the characteristic resistances Rj by the partial factors for ground resistances, and determination of the design resistances gj of siructurat elements, e.g. resisting tensile, compressive and shear forces, bending moments oF sitessee, according to the provisions ia the slandards for the various types of bulging, in particular to DIN 1045-1, DIN 418500-1, DIN 18600-2 and DIN 1052. 7. Vesication that the int state condition Leas DAs a is uid using the design values Fy ofthe effets of acions andthe design resistances Ry {@) As an approximation for noninear problems. the characteristic effects determined in Step 3 ftom the CRiavourabie combination of permanent actions ‘and variable achons may be divided into @ component 29