Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

DNA Virus Families

D N A

NE

Adenoviridae

Bovine adenoviruses A, B, C Canine adenovirus (infectious canine hepatitis) Caprine adenovirus Equine adenoviruses A, B Fowl adenoviruses A E Human adenoviruses A F (respiratory and/or ocular disease) Ovine adenoviruses A, B, C Porcine adenoviruses A, B, C African swine fever

B C Cp Eq A H NHP O P P

80 100 nm DS linear
D N A

Asfarviridae

175 215 nm DS linear

D N A

NE

Circoviridae

Chicken anemia virus Porcine circovirus

A P A H NHP

17 22 nm SS circular
D N A

Psittacine beak and feather disease virus Z Hepatitis B virus

Hepadnaviridae

42 nm partial DS circular
D N A

Herpesviridae

Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (malignant catarrhal fever) Avian herpesvirus 1 (infectious laryngotracheitis) Bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) Bovine herpesvirus 2 (pseudo-lumpy skin disease, bovine mammillitis) Bovine herpesvirus 3/ bovine cytomegalovirus Canine herpesvirus 1, 2 (hemorrhagic disease of pups) Caprine herpesviruses 1, 2 Equine herpesvirus 1 (equine viral rhinopneumonitis; equine abortion) Equine herpesvirus 2 Equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema) Equine herpesvirus 4 (equine viral rhinopneumonitis) Feline viral rhinotracheitis virus Human herpes simplex virus 1 Human herpes simplex virus 2 Human herpesvirus 3/ varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox, shingles) Human herpesvirus 4/ Epstein Barr virus Human herpesvirus 5/ human cytomegalovirus Human herpesviruses 6, 7 (roseola infantum) H H H H H

B, Cv A B B B C Cp Eq Eq Eq Eq F H NHP

150 - 200 nm DS linear

A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases

Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (channel catfish virus disease)

Fish Fish A Fish O B, Cp, Cv, O, P P B, C, Cp, F, O, P Fish

Herpesviridae (continued)

Koi herpesvirus disease Mareks disease virus Oncorhynchus masou virus disease (or salmonid herpesvirus type 2 disease) Ovine herpesvirus-1 Ovine herpesvirus-2 (malignant catarrhal fever) Porcine herpesvirus 2/ porcine cytomegalovirus Pseudorabies virus (Aujeszkys disease)

D N A

NE

Iridoviridae

Epizootic haemotopoietic necrosis (EHN)

Largemouth bass disease

Fish

125 300 nm DS linear

D N A

NE

Papovaviridae

Bovine papillomavirus Equine papillomavirus

B Eq H H H C C F P H B H C, Cp, Cv H B, F, R F A B, Bf H NHP, R H B Cp, O H P H B, L, P

45 - 55 nm DS circular
D N A

Human papillomavirus Adeno-associated viruses 1-6 B19 virus Canine minute virus/ canine parvovirus 1

NE

Parvoviridae

18 - 26 nm SS linear
D N A

Canine parvovirus 2 (parvo) Feline panleukopenia virus (Feline parvovirus) Porcine parvovirus Z Z Z Bovine papular stomatitis virus Contagious ecthyma/contagious pustular dermatitis/orf virus Cowpox virus Feline pox virus Fowlpox virus Z Z Lumpy skin disease virus Monkeypox virus Pseudocowpox virus (milkers nodules) Sheep and goat pox viruses Smallpox virus (Variola) Swinepox virus Z Vaccinia virus

Poxviridae

250 X 200 X 200 nm DS linear

A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases

Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

RNA Virus Families

R N A

Arenaviridae

Lassa virus

H NHP, R

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

H C, NHP, P, R

Machupo virus (Bolivian hemorrhagic fever)

H NHP, R

110 - 300 nm SS linear segments

R N A

Arteriviridae

Equine arteritis virus (equine viral arteritis) Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus

Eq R P NHP

50 70 nm SS linear
R N A

NE

Astroviridae

Avian nephritis viruses 1, 2 Bovine astrovirus Feline astrovirus (gastroenteritis) Human astroviruses 1-8 (gastroenteritis) Ovine astrovirus (gastroenteritis) Porcine astrovirus (porcine acute gastroenteritis) Turkey astrovirus (poultry enteritis and mortality syndrome) H

A B F O P A A

28 30 nm SS linear

R N A

NE

Birnaviridae

Infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) (hemorrhagic kidney syndrome)

Fish

60 nm DS linear segments
R N A

Bunyaviridae

Akabane virus (Akabane/congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly) Cache Valley virus California encephalitis virus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Hantaviruses (various serotypes)* Jamestown Canyon virus La Crosse virus (La Crosse encephalitis) Nairobi sheep disease virus Rift Valley fever virus Bovine enteric calicivirus Canine calicivirus Feline caliciviruses (upper respiratory disease) Fowl calicivirus Z Hepatitis E virus Noroviruses (Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses) Porcine enteric calicivirus

B, Cp, O H B, O H R H A, B, C, L, O H R H Cv H Cp, Cv, R H Cp, O, R H B, C, Cp, F, O B B F A H P H P L Other, P H B, Eq, NHP, P

Z Z Z Z

80 120 nm SS linear segments

R N A

Z Z

NE

Caliciviridae

30 -38 nm SS linear

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus San Miguel sea lion virus Z Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesicular exanthema)

A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases

Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

R N A

Coronaviridae

Avian infectious bronchitis virus Bovine coronavirus Canine coronavirus Feline enteric coronaviruses Feline infectious peritonitis virus Human coronaviruses (colds) H

A B C F F P P H F P A H NHP

80 160 nm SS linear

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus Turkey coronavirus (bluecomb disease)

R N A

Filoviridae

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

H NHP

790 970 X 80 nm SS linear

R N A

Flaviviridae
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

Border disease virus Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) viruses 1, 2 Classical swine fever virus (hog cholera) Dengue virus Hepatitis C virus Japanese encephalitis virus Louping ill virus Murray valley encephalitis virus Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Tick-borne encephalitis viruses (various subtypes) Yellow fever virus Wesselsbron virus West Nile Virus (WNV) (West Nile fever) Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (viral nervous necrosis) H

O B P H NHP H A, P H A,B, C, Cp, Cv, Eq, O, P,R H A, B, C, Eq H R H A, Eq H B, C, Cp, O, R H NHP H B, Cp, O H A, Eq Fish

45 60 nm SS linear

R N A

NE

Nodaviridae

30 nm SS linear

A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases

Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

R N A

Orthomyxoviridae
Z Z Z

Infectious salmon anemia Influenza virus A: Avian influenza Equine influenza Swine influenza Human influenza Influenza virus B: (human influenza) Influenza virus C: (human influenza) Z Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease) Avian paramyxoviruses 2-9 Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) Canine distemper virus Canine parainfluenza virus Z Hendra virus Human parainfluenza viruses 1-4 Measles virus Mumps virus Z Nipah virus Parainfluenza 3 virus Peste de petitis ruminants virus Respiratory syncytial virus Rinderpest virus Avian enteroviruses (encephalomyelitis, hepatitis) Bovine enteroviruses Bovine rhinoviruses Z Z Encephalomyelocarditis virus (encephalomyelocarditis) Equine rhinoviruses 1, 2 Foot and mouth disease virus Human hepatitis A virus Human rhinoviruses Poliovirus Z Porcine enteroviruses (porcine enteroviral encephalomyelitis/ Teschen-Talfan disease) Swine vesicular disease virus African horse sickness viruses 1-10 Avian orthoreoviruses Bluetongue viruses 1-24 Z Colorado tick fever virus Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses Rotaviruses, group A to F (rotaviral gastroenteritis) H H H

Fish H H H H H H H A, Eq, F, Fr, P A, Eq, P Eq A, P Fr, P Fr P A A B, O C, Fr C H H H H H H H B, Cp, O, P A B B H H H H H P P Eq A B, Cp, Cv, O R B, Cv, O B, Eq, L, O, P, R NHP, P, R Eq B, Ca, Cp, Cv, O, P NHP Bt, C, Cp, Eq, F, O, P B, O Cp, O NHP Bt, Eq, F

80 - 120 nm SS linear segments

R N A

Paramyxoviridae

150 300 nm SS linear

R N A

NE

Picornaviridae

28 - 30 nm SS linear

R N A

NE

Reoviridae

60 - 80 nm DS linear segments

A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases

Selected* Viral Families, Viruses and Species Affected

E: Enveloped NE: Nonenveloped

(relative size) SS = single stranded DS = double stranded

Zoonotic (Z)

Virus Family

Humans Affected

Foreign Animal Disease (for US)

Virus (Disease)

Animal Species Affected

Unconfirmed mild human cases have been reported.

R N A

Retroviridae

Avian leukosis virus Bovine immunodeficiency virus Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus Equine infectious anemia virus (EIA) Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2) (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - AIDS) Human T-lymphotropic viruses 1, 2 Maedi-visna virus (ovine progressive pneumonia) Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus (pulmonary adenomatosis) Simian immunodeficiency virus Simian leukemia viruses 1-3 H H

A B B Cp, O Eq F F

80 130 nm 2 copies SS linear

Cp, O Cp, O NHP NHP B Fish H All mammals Fish H B, Cp, Eq, O, P H B, Cp, Eq, O, P Fish H A, Bt, Eq, P, R H H A, Eq, R Fish H A, Eq

R N A

Rhabdoviridae

Z Z

Bovine ephemeral fever virus Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) Rabies Spring viremia of carp Vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 1 and New Jersey subtypes) Vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 2 and 3 subtypes) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (Egtved disease) Z Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) Rubella virus Z Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) Spring viremia of carp Z Western equine encephalitis virus (WEE)

180 X 75 nm SS linear
R N A

Togaviridae

70 nm SS linear

Chart researched and compiled by Kristine Edwards, MA, DVM, MPH; Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD and Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MS, MPH.

References: Aiello SE, Mays A, editors. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 8th Edition. Whitehouse Station, NJ; Merck and Co: 1998. All the Virology on the WWW. Available at http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/ATVGlossary.html American Society for Virology. Available at http://www.mcw.edu/asv/ Big Picture Book of Viruses. Available at http://www.virology.net/Big_Virology.html Flint SJ, Enquist LW, Racaniello VR, Skalka AM. Principles of Virology, Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis and Control of Animal Viruses. 2nd Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2003. Princeton University, NJ. Gelderblom HR. Structures and Classification of Viruses. 1996. Medical Microbiology. Baron S, editor. Available at http://www.gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/toc.htm

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]. Universal Virus Database [onLine]. ICTV; 2002. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/index.htm Accessed May 2005. MedBio World Virology. Available at http://www.sciencekomm.at/both/assocdb/virology.html Murphy FA. Gibbs EPJ, Horzinek MC, Studdert MJ. Veterinary Virology, 3rd Edition. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.; 1999. The Journal of Virology. American Society of Microbiology. Available at http://jvi.asm.org The Virology Journal. Available at http://www.virologyj.com Virus family graphics adapted with permission from Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, Baron S., editor. 1996. Available at http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/images/fig41_6.jpg

*This table was developed as a supplement for the CFSPH Disinfection 101 document (http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRM/disinfectants.htm) which provides an overview of important principles for the development of disinfection protocols, including how to choose an appropriate disinfectant. We expect this virus table to be useful for veterinarians, veterinary students and graduate students in virology. The mammalian, avian and fish viruses selected are those we perceive to be the ones veterinarians will most likely need to know about.
A=avian; B=bovine; Bt=bat; C=canine; Cp=caprine; Cv=cervine; Eq=equine; F=feline; Fr=ferret; H=human; L=lagomorph; R=rodent; NHP=non-human primate; O=ovine; P=porcine; Diseases in RED or with a = Foreign Animal Diseases