MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.1.22 The product of two integer is 24 . If the same two integers are added together, the sum is -23. Find the smaller of the two numbers: Suggested solution: 24 1 = 24 Answer: (c): 24 and + 1 24 + 1 = 23 The product of two integer is 24 , indicates that one of the numbers is a negative number. If the same two integers are added together, the sum is -23. This indicates that the larger number is a negative number. On the other hand, it points out the fact that the magnitude of numbers must be relatively close to each other (The sum is 23 , i.e. relatively large.)

1.1.23 The product of two integer is 40 . If the same two integers are added together, the sum is 3 . Find the smaller of the two numbers: Suggested solution: 8 5 = 40 Answer: (c): 8 and 5 8 + 5 = 3 The product of two integer is 40 . This indicates that one of the numbers is a negative number. If the same two integers are added together, the sum is 3 . This indicates that the larger number is a negative number. On the other hand, it points out the fact that the magnitude of numbers must be relatively close to each other (The sum is 3 , i.e. relatively small.) 1.1.24 If all of the books on a shelf holding fewer than 45 books were put into piles of 5 books each, no books would remain. If the same set of books were put into piles of 7 books each, 2 books would remain. What is the greatest number of books that could be on the shelf? Suggested solution: If the number of books are taken as B < 45 :
B 5 = n B = 5n 5n = m + 2 5n = 7(m + 2 ) 5n = 7 m + 14 5n 7 m = 14 7 B = m + 2 7 The number is 30. This is due to the fact that it is the largest number less than 45 that has remainder of two. 40 35 30 40 4 30 2 35 =5 =4 =5 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 30 books

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.2 Properties of Real Numbers:

Properties of Real Numbers Closure Property Definition, rule A set of number is CLOSED for an arithmetic operation if the answer is always the number that belongs to the same set a+b =b+a ab = ba (a + b ) + c = a + (b + c ) (ab )c = a(bc ) a+0=a a 1 = a a + ( a ) = 0 1 a =1 a a (b + c ) = ab + ac Example

Commutative Associative Identity element Inverse

2+3= 3+ 2 2 3 = 3 2 (2 + 3) + 5 = 2 + (3 + 5) (2 3) 4 = 2 (3 4) Addition identity element: 0 Multiplication identity element: 1 Additive inverse a 1 Multiplicative inverse: a

Distributive

2(3 + 4 ) = 2 3 + 2 4 = 6 + 8 = 14

1.3 Exponentials and Scientific Notation:

Exponential Law Zero power Multiplication (Product) Division (Quotient) Negative number Power of a power Power of a product 1.3.6 If 10 k = Rule a0 1 Example x 0 = 1 ; 50 = 1

( 1.23453 10

99

xyz = 1

(a b )x = a x b x
(c) 500

(a )

a x a y = a x+ y ax = a x y or a x a y = a x y y a 1 = a x x a
x y

57 512 = 57+12 = 519 58 = 58 2 = 5 6 2 5 1 = 10 3 3 10

= a x y

(5 ) = 5 = 5 (5xy ) = 5 x y
8 3 83 7 3 3 3

24 21

= 125x 3 y 21

1 , what is the value of 10k +3 ? 2 (a) 125 (b) 250 Suggested solution: 1 10 k +3 = 10 k 103 = 103 = 500 2

(d) 1000 Answer: (c): 10 k +3 = 500

1.3.7 Which of expressions below is equivalent to 8.12 10 9 ? (a) 812 10 7 (b) 0.0812 107 (c) 8.12 10 11 (d) 0.0812 10 11 Suggested solution: 8.12 10 9 = 812 10 11 8.12 109 = 0.0812 107 Answer: (b): 8.12 10 9 = 0.0812 107
behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.3.8 The expression 34 93 is equivalent to (a) 310 (b) 324 (c) 27 7 (d) 2712 Suggested solution:

34 9 3 = 34 32

( )

= 34 323 = 34 36 = 34+6 = 310

Answer: (a): 34 93 = 310

1.3.9 If 3 y = 9 and 2 x+ y = 32 , what is the value of x ? Suggested solution: 3 y = 9 = 32 y = 2

2 x+ y = 32 = 25 x + y = 5 x + y = 5 x = 5 y x = 52 = 3 y = 2

Answer: x = 3

1.3.10 Write 2y 3 Suggested solution:

as the product of a number and a base with a single exponent. Answer: 2 y 3

( 2 y )

3 5

= 25 y 35 = 25 y15 = 32 y15

= 32 y15

1.3.11 If y = 3 80 2 2 , what is the value of y ? Suggested solution: 1 1 y = 3 80 2 2 = 3 1 2 = 3 = 3 0.25 = 2.75 4 2 1.3.12 Express (0.0005 ) in scientific notation. Suggested solution:
3

Answer: y = 2.75

(0.0005)3 = (5.0 10 4 )3 = 53 10 43 = 125 10 12 = 1.25 10 10

Answer: (0.0005 ) = 1.25 10 10

3

1.3.13 (a) State whether 2 4 4 2 is or is not equal to 86 , and explain your answer. (b) For what value of x does 2 4 4 2 = 2 x ? Suggested solution: 2 4 4 2 86 The multiplication law, a x a y = a x+ y , does not apply here. This is due to the fact that the bases of the powers are not identical. On the other hand, it is illegal to multiply the bases of a power product.

24 42 = 24 22

( )

= 2 4 2 4 = 2 4+ 4 = 28 = 2 x x = 8
Answer: 2 4 4 2 86 ; 2 4 4 2 = 2 x x = 8

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.3.14 Charlie claims that x 2 > y 2 whenever x > y . Explain why you agree or disagree. Suggested solution: I disagree. He is right only if the numbers are both positive, i.e. if x > y > 0 x 2 > y 2 . On the other hand if both numbers are negative: 0 > x > y , squaring of the inequality changes its direction and as a result 0 < x 2 < y 2 . If one of the numbers is negative and the other one is positive, the results would be dependent on the magnitude of the number. As an example: x > y 2 > 10 2 2 < 10 2 x 2 < y 2

x > y 7 > 5 7 2 > 5 2 x 2 > y 2

Answer: I disagree.

1.4.13 If y = x 2 + 3 , what is the largest possible value of y ? Explain your answer. Suggested solution: The largest possible value of y is three. This is due to the fact x 2 0 and therefore

x 2 0 , i.e. the largest value of x 2 is zero. Therefore the maximum value of y = x 2 + 3 is three for all real numbers x Answer: y 3
1.4.14 If y = (4 x ) , what is the smallest possible value of y ? Explain your answer. Suggested solution: 2 The smallest possible value of y = (4 x ) is zero. This is due to the fact that for all real
2 2

numbers (4 x ) 0 . The zero of the function occurs when x = 4 .

Answer: y 0

In each case, represent the given information as an algebraic expression, equation or inequality using the variable using the variable x . 1.5.3 Five less than twice an unknown number. Answer: 2 x 5

Suggested solution: 2x 5 1.5.4

Twice an unknown number diminished by four is less than 11. Find the number.

Suggested solution: Answer: 2 x 4 < 11 2 x 4 < 11 First add four to both sides of the equation. Then divide both sides of the resulting equation by two: 15 2 x 4 < 11 2 x < 11 + 4 2 x < 15 x < x < 7.5 Answer: x < 7.5 2
behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.5.5 Six more than three times an unknown number is at most twenty one. Find the number. Suggested solution: Answer: 6 + 3 x 21 6 + 3 x 21 First subtract six from both sides of the equation. Then divide both sides of the resulting equation by three: 15 6 + 3x 21 3x 21 6 3x 15 x x 5 Answer: x 5 3 1.5.5M. Six more than three times an unknown number is at least twenty one. Find the number. Suggested solution: Answer: 6 + 3 x 21 6 + 3 x 21 First subtract six from both sides of the equation. Then divide both sides of the resulting equation by three: 15 6 + 3x 21 3x 21 6 3x 15 x x5 Answer: x 5 3 1.5.6 Twice the sum of a number and three is at least twelve. Find the number.

Suggested solution: 2( x + 3) 12 Answer: 2( x + 3) 12 First divide both sides of the equation by two. Then subtract three from both sides of the resulting equation: 2( x + 3) 12 x + 3 6 x 6 3 x 3 Answer: x 3 1.5.7 When two is subtracted from a number, the difference exceeds one-half of the original number by one. Find the number. Suggested solution: x x 2 > +1 2 First add two to both sides of the equation. Then subtract resulting equation: x x x x x > + 1 + 2 x > + 3 x > +3 > 3 2 2 2 2 Multiply both sides of the equation by two: x >3 x >6 2

Answer: x 2 >

x +1 2

x from both sides of the 2

Answer: x > 6

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.5.8 If five less than a number is multiplied by two, the product is at most twenty four. What is the number? Suggested solution: 2( x 5) 24 Answer: 2( x 5) 24 First divide both sides of the equation by two. Then, add five to both sides: 24 x5 x 5 12 x 12 + 5 x 17 Answer: x 17 2 1.5.9 In seven years Adam will be three years less than two times his current age, x . How old is Adam now? Suggested solution: 7 + x = 2x 3 7 + 3 = 2 x x = x x = 10 Answer: 7 + x = 2 x 3 Answer: x = 10

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

In each case, represent the underlined sentence as an equation using the variable x . 1.5.10 The sum of two numbers is 13, and the smaller is x . If three times the larger number is added to two times the smaller number, the sum is 33. Find the numbers. Suggested solution: x + y = 13 2 x + 3 y = 33

Answer: 2 x + 3 y = 33

Alternative answer: 2 x + 3(13 x ) = 33

Switch the equations: 2 x + 3 y = 33 x + y = 13 Multiply the second equation by 2: 2 x + 3 y = 33 2 x + 2 y = 26 Subtract the second equation from the first one:

y = 33 26 = 7 x + y = 13 x = 13 y = 13 7 = 6

Answer: x = 6 , y = 7

1.5.11 A number is five times as great as a positive number x . When the smaller of the two numbers is subtracted from the larger number, the difference is 8 more than two times the smaller number. Find the numbers. Suggested solution: y = 5x Answer: y x = 8 + 2 x Alternative answer: 5 x x = 8 + 2 x y x = 8 + 2x y = 5x y x 2 x = 8 y 3x = 8 y = 5x 8 5 x 3x = 8 2 x = 8 x = = 4 y = 5 x = 5 4 = 20 x = 4 , y = 20 2 y 3x = 8

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.

MaANVCO08Ch1

HT 2008- VT 2009

1.5.12 One number exceed another number by 7, and the smaller of the two number is x . The product of the two numbers exceeds five times the sum of the numbers by 19. Find the numbers. Suggested solution: y = x + 7 Answer: yx = 5(x + y ) + 19 yx = 5( x + y ) + 19 Alternative answer: x( x + 7 ) = 5( x + x + 7 ) + 19 x( x + 7 ) = 5(2 x + 7) + 19 y = x + 7 x( x + 7 ) = 5( x + x + 7 ) + 19 x 2 + 7 x = 10 x + 35 + 19 yx = 5( x + y ) + 19

x 2 + 7 x = 10 x + 54 x 2 + 7 x 10 x 54 = 0 x 2 3 x 54 = 0 ( x 9)( x + 6 ) = 0 x + 6 = 0 x = 6 y = x + 7 = 6 + 7 = 1 (x 9)(x + 6) = 0 x 9 = 0 x = 9 y = x + 7 = 9 + 7 = 16 x = 6 y = 1 Answer: x = 9 y = 16

1.5.13 A telephone call costs c cents for the first 3 minutes and m cents for each additional minutes. a. What is the cost, in cents, of a 6-minute call? b. What is the cost, in cents, of a t-minute call? c. Suggested solution: x = c + (6 3)m x = c + (t 3)m Answer: x = c + 3m cents Answer: x = c + (t 3)m cents

1.5.14 Martin has a cellular telephone that costs $12 .95 per month plus $0.25 per minutes for each call after the first one hour of calls. If Martin makes x hours and y minutes of calls in a month, where x > 1 and y < 60 , how much money will Martin be charged? Suggested solution: Cost C = $12.95 + $0.25 60( x 1) + $0.25 y Answer: C = 12.95 + 15( x 1) + 0.25 y $

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes. Not for sale.