Endocrine Chart Endocrine Gland

Hypothalamus

Hormone
growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH) or somatocrinin growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GH-IH) or somatostatin

Target organ of Hormone

anterior pituitary

Effect of hormone on target organ

stimulates release of growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin

Hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

inhibits release of growth hormone (GH) stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropin stimulates release of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates release of prolactin (PRL) inhibits release of prolactin (PRL)

Hypothalamus

thyrotopin releasing anterior pituitary hormone (TRH) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) or mammotropin prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) or dopamine anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary Pars distalis of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary

corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

anterior pituitary

stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates secretion of T3 and T4

thyroid gland

suprarenal cortex

stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids regulates oogenesis & spermatogenesis regulates oogenesis & spermatogenesis

ovary, testes

luteinizing hormone ovary, testes (LH)

prolactin (PRL) growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin

mammary glands

stimulates production of milk

bone, muscle, various

stimulates growth

Pars intermedia of adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary

melanocytestimulating hormone (MSH) or melanotropin

Neurohypophysis of posterior pituitary Neurohypophyis of posterior pituitary

oxytocin

melanocytes of the skin during fetal development, in very young children, pregnant women, and in the course of some diseases women: uterus, mammary glands men: smooth muscle in ductus deferens, prostate gland kidneys, peripheral blood vessels

increases production of melanin

women: stimulates smooth muscle contraction of uterine wall, release of milk men: ejection of sperm, secretions of prostate gland increases water retention, vasoconstriction elevates blood pressure increases energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development increases energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development decreases Ca2+ in body fluids increases Ca2+ in body fluids

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) thyroxine (T4)

Thyroid gland

almost all body cells

Thyroid gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland

triiodothyronine (T3) almost all body cells calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone bone, kidneys bone, kidneys

Suprarenal medulla

epinephrine (adrenaline) norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, heart

mobilization of glycogen reserves, accelerates the breakdown of glucose, releases lipids from adipose tissue, breakdown of glycogen, stimulation of 1 receptors in heart increasing rate and force of cardiac muscle contraction increase reabsorption of Na+ and H2O, excretion of K+ release amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose tissue, promotes liver formation of glucose and glycogen, promotes peripheral utilization of lipids, antiinflammatory effects stimulate development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty adult women: promotes muscle mass, blood formation, and supports libido increases rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release,

Zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal mineralocorticoids cortex of the (aldosterone) suprarenal gland (adrenal gland) Zona fasciculate of the suprarenal cortex of the suprarenal gland (adrenal gland) Zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex of the suprarenal gland (adrenal gland) Pancreas

kidneys

glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone)

most body cells

androgens

glucagon (secreted by alpha cells)

liver, adipose tissue

Pancreas

insulin (secreted by beta cells) GH-IH or somatostatin (secreted by delta cells) pancreatic polypeptide (from F cells) estrogen inhibin

most body cells alpha, beta cells, digestive epithelium

Pancreas

Pancreas

digestive organs

Follicular cells of ovaries Follicular cells of ovaries Corpus luteum of ovaries Corpus luteum of ovaries Interstitial cells of testes

most cells adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary uterus, mammary glands pelvis, cervix most cells

mobilizes lipid reserves, elevates blood glucose level stimulates formation and storage of lipids and glycogen, facilitates uptake of glucose inhibits insulin and glucagon release, slows rate of nutrient absorption and enzyme secretion along digestive tract inhibits gallbladder contraction, regulates production of pancreatic enzymes, influences rate of nutrient absorption by digestive tract supports follicle maturation, secondary sex characteristics inhibits FSH release prepares uterus for implantation, prepares mammary glands for secretory activity dilates cervix and birth canal support functional maturation of sperm, protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, secondary sex

progesterone

relaxin testosterone

characteristics Nurse cells of testes Pineal inhibin adenohypophysis of anterior pituitary inhibits FSH release

melatonin erythropoietin

Kidney

Kidney

calcitriol

Gastrointestinal tract

gastrin

Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

secretin cholecystokinin

inhibits reproductive functions, male and female protects against damage by free reproductive organs , radicals, maintenance of CNS circadian rhythms red bone marrow increases blood cell production increases Ca2+ absorption, increases phosphate absorption, intestinal lining, stimulates Ca2+ release from bone, kidneys bone, inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion stimulates gastric acid secretion stomach and proliferation of gastric epithelium inhibits gastric secretion and motility and potentiates release stomach, pancreas of insulin from beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose concentration stimulates secretion of bile and bicarbonate from the pancreas pancreas, liver and bile ducts, reduces gastric motility pancreas, liver stimulates secretion of

tract

(CCK)

Cardiac muscle cells of the right atrium of the heart

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

kidney, hypothalamus, suprarenal gland

Ventricular muscle cells of the heart

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

kidney, hypothalamus, suprarenal gland lymphocytes, other cells of the immune response hypothalamus

pancreatic enzymes, and contraction and emptying of the gall bladder increases sodium ion excretion, increases volume of urine produced, reduces thirst, blocks release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, stimulates peripheral vasodilation increases sodium ion excretion, increases volume of urine produced, reduces thirst, blocks release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, stimulates peripheral vasodilation development and maintenance of immune defenses suppression of appetite, permissive effects on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin synthesis

Thymus

thymosins

Adipose Tissues

leptin