Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(HIRARC)
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to: define hazards, danger and risk explain the Risk Assessment process Describe the method of identifying hazards Use the Risk Assessment Matrix Explain the hierarchy of control
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Scopes
Overview of Risk Assessment Planning for Risk Assessment Determine Risk Control
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Definition
Hazard: A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.
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Definition
Danger:
Relative exposure to hazard.
Risk:
A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.
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Risk Assessment
What is Assessment:
The process of evaluating the risk to safety and health arising from hazard at the work place
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When To Carry Out Risk Assessment Before operation During operation After operation
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Type of review
Initial review Periodic review
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External
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Review
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
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SOURCE OF HAZARD
Man Machinery Material Method Media
- Unsafe Acts - Installation, layout and design of the equipment - substance such as chemicals or gases use in the workplace - the way people carry out their work - Workplace condition such as air quality, ventilation, lighting, noise, vibration etc.
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5M
Relationships
Machine
Method
Man
Media
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HAZARDS AT WORK
CHEMICAL HAZARDS Gas/vapour dust fumes PHYSICAL HAZARDS
mechanical
electrical ergonomic noise/ vibration height heat pressure
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
sexual harassment
stress Family drug / alcohol
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BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
bacteria / virus
vegetable dust
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Document Review
Report of incidents, accidents & audit report Information from the publications; Acts, Regulations and C.O.P Statistics Incidents and complaints Handbooks, Guidelines, Manual CSDS / MSDS
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to ensure effectiveness
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Exposure Monitoring
Type of monitoring Area Personal
Monitoring of;
Noise Heat / ventilation Radiation Air contaminant (Fume, dust) Chemical (CHRA)
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Biological Monitoring
Biological monitoring is a regular
measurement activity selected validated indicator of the uptake of toxic substances in human body are determined in order to prevent health impairment. The monitoring could entail examination of blood, urine, saliva and expired air.
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Biological Monitoring
Biological monitoring commonly feature in health or medical surveillance of person expose to hazardous environment especially complying to legal requirement. i.e. USECHH Reg., Lead Reg. Mineral Dust Reg. and Asbestos Reg.
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Medical Surveillance
Medical or health surveillance is
warranted if;
Substance is use in the workplace Substance is hazardous Evidence or reason to suspect injury Atmospheric monitoring insufficient
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Hazard Analysis
Method use: (example) Job Safety Analysis Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) Fault Tree Analysis
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Assessment
approach;
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Determining Severity
Severity
in term of:
Injury or harm to health Damage the property Damage the environment Combination of above
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Determining Severity
Determine Severity Categories. i.e.
and may need the remainder of the work period or shift off before being able to return to work.
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LIKELIHOOD
LIKELY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM UNLIKELY HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW HIGHLY UNLIKELY HIGH MEDIUM LOW LOW
FATAL
SERIUOS INJURY MINOR INJURY NEGLIGIBLE INJURY
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Very Rare -- Once per year or less Rare -- A few times per year Unusual -- Once per month Occasional -- Once per week Frequent -- Daily Continuous -- Constantly
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LIKELIHOOD
Yearly
1
Monthly
2
Weekly
3
Daily
4
SEVERITY
12
8
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RISK CONTROL
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As
Low
As Reasonably Practicable.
Medium
Low
DESIRABLE
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Hierarchy of Control:
the order in which controls should be considered when selecting methods of controlling a risk.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
MOST EFFECTIVE
Elimination
The best method of dealing with a hazard is to eliminate or remove it. Once the hazard has been eliminated the potential for harm has gone.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
FAIRLY EFFECTIVE
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
FAIRLY EFFECTIVE
Administrative Control
Usually involve modification of the likelihood of an accident happening. This can be done by reducing the number of people exposed to the danger reducing the amount of time exposed.
Work rotation Training Instruction Information Supervision Safe Work Practices Signage
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Provision of personal protective equipment should only be considered when all other control methods are impractical, or to increase control when used with another method higher up in the hierarchy.
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OPTIONS
NO
Is risk reduction by isolating the task or redesign the process practicable?
YES NO
Is risk reduction by administrative job rotation /training practicable?
+
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
OPTIONS
OPTIONS
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OPTIONS
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LIMITATIONS OF PPE
Hazard still exists. Protection to the wearer only. If the protective equipment is defective or becomes ineffective, the user becomes exposed to hazard. Introduce additional hazard. May not be suitable for continuous use. May not be always worn properly. May transfer hazard to another location.
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As an interim measure
impracticable application of other control measures; Complementary to other control measures
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REVIEW
Are the process working effectively to identify hazards and assess the risk? Are control measures eliminated the hazards or reduced the risk? Are the control measures introduced any new hazards?
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CONCLUSION
Hazard identification, risk assessment, control and review not a task that is completed and then forgotten about. Hazard identification should be properly documented even in the simplest of situations Risk assessment should include a careful assessment of both likelihood and consequence. Control measures should conform to the recommendations of the hierarchy of control. The risk management process is an on going one.
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