Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research (ACE)

Devsthali (Near Mithapur), Ambala-Jagadhari Highway, P.O. SAMBHALKHA-133101(Ambala) Approved by Haryana Government and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Ph: 0171-2821833, 2822001 - 003, Telefax: 2822002 Website: www.ambalacollege.com, Email: info@ambalacollege.com

Date:

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the seminar report entitled Ethernet Over Passive Optical Networks which is being presented by Sumit Kumar Jha, MT 2310204 , M.Tech 3rd Semester, ECE in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of M.Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) submitted in Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from August, 2011 to December, 2011.

Signature of the Student

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my/our knowledge.

Signature of Co-ordinator

Signature of H.O.D

Er. Sushil Garg Lecturer Seminar Co-ordinator ECE Department, ACE, Ambala

Prof. Ashok Kumar Associate Professor Head of Department ECE Department, ACE, Ambala

ABSTRACT

The need for triple play digital broadband services increases every day. Both service providers and manufacturers of electrical equipment provide new techniques to the enduser. Although there are a lot of possibilities nowadays, the development has not been stopped yet. New products are sometimes based on a new technique , others are an improvement of a previous version. It is started to investigate the possibilities of providing a high speed, multiple services access point to a commercial or private end-user. Services presented to the user are for example internet, television and telephony. To achieve this, a so called Passive Optical Network (PON) will be used. Designs for this PON network are defined in three different standards delivered by the IEEE and ITU-T. Each standard describes a PON network based on a different technique. Depending on the technique the standards are called Broadband-PON (BPON), Gigabit-capable PON (GPON) and Ethernet-PON (EPON). Every standard provides a certain interface to the user, however not every interface is suitable. If a user is confronted with a new technique the migration to this should be easy and cheap. In this report these three different standards analyzed by their performance, physical properties and implementation possibilities. The fourth chapter will provide the possible implementation of the free band broadband photonic project. The last chapter will

provide some suggestions for the best possible Standard for the user.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our gratitude to Prof. Ashok Kumar (HOD-ECE Department) , Er. Sushil Garg(Seminar Co-ordinator) , Er. Vijay Anand (Sr. Lecturer) for their affectionate n undaunted guidance and support.

Lastly I wish to express our sincere thanks to our family and friends who contribute to the preparation of this project by providing comments and criticism.

Sumit Kumar Jha MT2310204

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 Name of Figure Page No. 2 4 7 8 9 10 12 12 13 13 20 21 22 23 25 29 33 35 35 38 47 47

Optical network architecture PON network OSI reference model BPON ONU BPON OLT NRZ Encoding BPON frame 155-MHz BPON frame 622-MHz ATM cells BPON PLOAM structure BPON divided slot OLT functional block diagram ONU functional block diagram GPON-Stack overview
EPON Stack

EPON Multimac EPON Time BPON scrambler for upstream Churning blocks AES CTR mode GPON example EPON example

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 3.1 3.2 Name of Table Page No. 9 10 14 16 17 17 18 19 26 26 32 33

BPON upstream and downstream speeds BPON wavelengths PLOAM downstream payload BPON GRANTS PLOAM downstream MESSAGE PLOAM upstream payload PLOAM downstream MESSAGE Upstream overhead bytes Physical EPON properties Physical properties PMD GPON overhead time EPON overhead time

ABBREVATIONS USED ___________________________________________________________

Alen Alloc-ID APON ATM BER BIP BPON Blen BWmap CLP CRC DBA DBRu DEMUX DSL EPON FEC FTTB FTTB/C FTTC FTTCab FTTH GEM GMII GPM GPON GTC HEC ATM (partition) length Allocation Identifier ATM over Passive Optical Networks Asynchronous Transfer Mode Bit Error Ratio Bit Interleaved Parity Broadband Passive Optical Networks BWmap Length Bandwidth Map Congestion Loss Priority Cyclic Redundancy Check Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Dynamic Bandwidth Report upstream Demultiplexer Digital Subscriber Line Ethernet Passive Optical Network Forward Error Correction Fiber to the Building Fiber to the Building/Curb Fiber to the Curb Fiber to the Cabinet Fiber to the Home GPON Encapsulation Method Gigabit-Medium-Independent-Interface GPON Physical Media (Dependent) Gigabit Passive Optical Network GPON Transmission Convergence Header Error Control

IEEE ITU

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Telecommunication Union

ITU-T LCF LLC LLID LSB MAC MDI MDU MII MPMC MPCPDU MSB MUX NRZ NT OAM OAN ODN OLT OMCI ONT ONU OSI P2MP P2P PCBd PCS PDU Plend PLI

ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector Laser Control Field Logical Link Control layer Logical Link Identifier Least Significant Bit Media Access Control Media-Dependent-Interface Multi-Dwelling Unit Media-Independent-Interface Multi-Point-MAC-Control Multi-Point-MAC-Control Protocol-Data-Unit Most Significant Bit Multiplexer Non-Return-To-Zero Network Termination Operation, Administration and Maintenance Optical Access Network Optical Distribution Network Optical Line Termination ONU Management and Control Interface Optical Network Termination Optical Network Unit Open System Interconnection Point to Multi Point Point to Point Physical Control BLock downstream Physical-COding-Sublayer Protocol Data Unit Physical Length downstream Payload Length Indicator

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate Abstract Acknowledgement List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Used
1 1.1 Optical communication Optical networks

i iii iv v vii viii

1-5 1 3 4 6-29 6 8 11 20 20 22 24 24 25 29-43 30 30 31 32 32 32 33 36 39

1.1.1 Passive Optical Network architectures 1.1.2 Passive versus Active Optical Networks 2 2.1 Standardization of Passive Optical Networks ITU-T G.983.x BPON

2.1.1 BPON physical layer properties 2.1.2 BPON frame format 2.2 ITU-T G984.x GPON

2.2.1 GPON network architecture 2.2.2 GPON Physical Media Dependent (GPM) layer 2.3 EPON IEEE 802.3ah

2.3.1 EPON stack 2.3.2 EPON layers 3 3.1 A comparison between standards Physical Layer overhead

3.1.1 BPON Timing constraints 3.1.2 GPON Timing constraints 3.1.3 EPON Timing constraints 3.2 Available security and data protection options

3.2.1 BPON reliability and security 3.2.2 GPON reliability and security 3.2.3 EPON reliability and security options 3.3 Data encapsulation

3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

BPON interfaces GPON interfaces EPON interfaces ONU and OLT initialization BPON ONU initialization GPON ONU initialization EPON ONU initialization Effective rate / overhead BPON performance GPON performance EPON performance Implementations and recommendations Purposes of the Freeband Broadband Photonic project Implementations from a userpoint of view Available service protocols Implementation examples

40 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 43 43 44-50 44 44 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 49 51-53 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 53

4.4.1 An GPON example 4.4.2 An EPON example 4.5 Which standard to implement

4.5.1 Bandwidth and users 4.5.2 The mapping of services 4.5.3 The physical devices 5 5.1 Conclusions and recommendations General conclusions

5.1.1 Differences between BPON, GPON and EPON 5.1.2 5.1.3 Interoperability Plug-and-play options

5.1.4 Physical differences 5.2 Recommendations

5.2.1 Interoperability 5.2.2 Future work