Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.

1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

Second Test FyANVCO09 Vectors, Newtons laws of motion, Torque, Pressure, Archimedes laws, Buoyant Force Test time Resources 8:30-11:30 Monday June 7 2010 Calculators, and Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses A & B, and the formula sheet for Physics A, FYANV-College. You may also use one page of your own formula sheet. The page must have your name and no calculations or solution to any problem are supposed to be on the paper. The test consists of a total of 18 problems. For the problems short answers are not enough. They require: that you write down what you do, that you explain your train of thought, that you, when necessary, draw figures. When you solve problems graphically/numerically please indicate how you have used your resources. Problem 17 and 18 are larger problems which may take up to 60 minutes to solve completely. These problems are of the greatest importance for the highest grade, MVG. It is important that you try to solve them. A description of what I will consider when evaluating your work, is attached to the problem. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions.

The test:

Score The maximum score is 55 points 30 of them VG points and 3 Problems. mark levels The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinction- point this is written (2/1). Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000.
Total G VG MVG 55 G-Limit 25 30 18 VG-Limit 37 10 MVG-Limit Limits 40 G+VG 20 VG MVG

P G

Sum minimum G Total:18 13 minimum Total: 36/10VG VG VG 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 10 minimum Total: MVG 40/20VG/ G Name: VG Student # Sum Total: 55 P 10 11a 11b 11C 12a 12b 12c 12d 12e G 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 12 25 Grade: VG 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 20 30 MVG G VG MVG

1 1

2 2

3 1

4 3

5 1

6 1

7 1

8 2

9 1

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

In the multiple choice problems below, circle the correct alternative and write clearly the correct answer in the space provided as Alternative: 1. The diagram below shows a 1.0 105 N truck at rest on a hill that makes an angle of 8.0 with the horizontal. What is the component of the trucks weight parallel to the hill? a) 99 kN b) 14 kN c) 10 kN d) 100 kN e) 140 kN

Answer: Alternative _______________ Why? Show the details of your calculations in the space provided below! Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative b: 14 kN

[1/0] [0/1]

mg sin = 1.0 10 5 sin 8 = 13 917 N 14 kN

[0/1]

2. In the diagram below, a 30. N force due north and a 40. N force due east act concurrently (simultaneously) on an object, as shown in the diagram below. The additional force necessary to bring the object into a state of equilibrium is 30. N a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
10. N 70. N 50. N 70. N 50. N 10. N F=

at 45. at 53. at 37. at 53. at 37. at 45.

south of west. south of west. south of west. north of east. north of east. north of east.

40. N

Answer: Alternative _______________ [1/0] Why? Show the details of your calculations in the space provided below! Draw necessary figures. [1/1] Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative c: 50. N additional force at 37. south of west. The resultant force is F =
30. N

(30.)2 + (40.)2

N = 50. N

[1/0]
37.

37.

40. N

30 at = tan 1 37. north of east. 40 Therefore, as illustrated in the figure below 50. N 50. N additional force at 37. south of west necessary to bring the object into a state of equilibrium.

[0/1]
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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

3. A cars performance is tested on various horizontal road surfaces. The brakes are applied, causing the rubber tires of the car to slide along the road without rolling. The tires encounter the greatest force of friction to stop the car on a) wet concrete b) dry concrete c) dry asphalt d) wet asphalt. Answer: Alternative _______________ [1/0] Answer: Alternative (b) Base your answers to the questions 4 to 6 on the information and the diagram below. Note that the VGpoints are given to your explanations that give you the opportunity to demonstrate the depth of your understandings of the physics of the problem. The explanations must be written clearly in the space provided. 4. The applied force on the object is represented by the vector: a. b. c. d.

B
C

A B C D

Answer: Alternative _______________

[1/0]

Identify each force A - D and explain in the space provided below why the applied force is the one you chose above. [2/1] Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative (D): The applied force on the object is represented by the vector D . This is due to the fact that friction force is always smaller than or equal to the applied force. Therefore force D can not be the friction force, and it must therefore be the external force. Therefore the object must be accelerating up the incline, and the applied force on the object is represented by the vector D . [0/1] If the angle of the incline is The vector A is the normal force which is FN = mg cos . The vector B is the sum of the component of the weight parallel to the surface of the incline and that of the friction, i.e.: mg sin + mg cos . [1/0] The vector C is the component of the weight normal to the surface of the incline, i.e.: mg cos . The vector D is the applied force explained above. [1/0]

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

5. The object in the figure above is a. at rest. b. accelerating down the incline in the direction B . c. moving down the incline at a constant velocity. d. moving up the incline at a constant velocity. e. accelerating up the incline in the direction D . f. depending on the magnitude of the friction force it could be at rest, moving down or going up the incline. Answer: Alternatives: ______________________ Why? Explain in the space provided below! [1/0] [0/1]

Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative e: The object is accelerating up the incline in the direction D . It is due to the fact that, as mentioned earlier, the friction force is always smaller than the applied force. D is the applied force and it is larger than the force A which is the sum of the friction force and the component of the weight parallel to the surface of the incline: D = mg sin + mg cos r r Fnet = ma D B = ma Therefore, there is the net force on the object and according to Newtons second law of motion the object, therefore, will accelerate upwards. [0/1]

6. The angle of the incline is decreased. The friction force on the object a) increases as the angle of the incline decreases. b) is constant and is independent of the angle of the incline. c) decreases as the angle of the incline decreases. d) first increases for a while, and then decreases. e) first decreases for a while, and then increases. Answer: Alternative(s): ______________________ [1/0]

Why? Explain in the space provided below! [0/2] Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative (a) The friction force on the object increases as the angle of the incline is decreased. The friction force is part of the vector B , and due to the fact that the only normal force is that of FN = mg cos and the friction force is always proportional to the normal force, i.e. f f = FN = mg cos , and due to the fact that the cosine function is a decreasing function of the angle in the first quadrant, 0 90 , the friction force increases as the angle of the incline is decreased. [0/2]

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

7. Tip of iceberg: The density of ice is 0.917 g / cm 3 whereas that for sea water is

1.025 g / cm3 . What fraction of an iceberg is below the surface of the water?
Suggested solutions: Answer: 89.5% of the volume of the ice is beneath the surface of the water. Data: ice = 0.917 g / cm 3 ; SeaWater = 1.025
g / cm 3

[1/2]

FB = SeaWater ViBSW g

Due to the fact that the iceberg is in balance, the buoyant force must be equal to the weight of the iceberg. Lets assume the total volume of the iceberg is Vice _ Total ViT . Lets also assume that the total volume of the part of the ice which is below the sea water is Vice _ Below _ The _ Surface ViBSW . The buoyant force is the weight of the displaced seawater: FB = SeaWater ViBSW g = 1.025 ViBSW g . The total weight of the iceberg is: mg = ViT ice g = ViT 0.917 g

mg = ViT ice g

Therefore: FB = mg SeaWater ViBSW g = ViT ice g / / SeaWater ViBSW ice ViT ice ViBSW / 0.917 / = = = 0.895 = 89.5% SeaWater ViT SeaWater ViT ViT SeaWater 1.025 / / Answer: 89.5% of the volume of the ice is beneath the surface of the water. Second method (numerical) FB = mg 1.025 ViBSW g = ViT 0.917 g / / 1.025 ViBSW ViT 0.917 ViBSW 0.917 = = = 0.8946 0.895 = 89.5% 1.025 ViT 1.025 ViT ViT ViT

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

8. Susanna stands on a digital bathroom scale in an elevator. The elevator does not have any window and is in general very quiet and is very difficult without hearing the bell and seeing the floor-number to know if it is moving or not. Susanna has designed an experiment which by using it, you can calculate not only the magnitude of the acceleration of the elevator, but you can say if it is accelerating up or down. Susannas mass is 55.0 kg . The scale reads 51.0 kg . a) b) c) d) e) f) The elevator accelerates upwards at the rate of 0.93 m / s 2 The elevator accelerates downwards at the rate of 0.71 m / s 2 . The elevator moves downwards at constant velocity. The elevator accelerates downwards at the rate of 0.93 m / s 2 . The elevator accelerates upwards at the rate of 0.0.71 m / s 2 The elevator moves upwards at constant velocity. Answer: Alternative(s): ____________________ Why? Draw a free-body diagram and explain your reasoning and solutions in the space provided below! [1/1] Suggested solutions: Answer: Alternative (b) [1/0] Due to the fact that Susannas weight is larger than her apparent weight (normal force FN ), we may realize that the elevator is accelerating downwards as illustrated in the freebody-figure to the right. Taking the direction of elevators acceleration (i.e. downwards) positive, Newtons second law of motion may be expressed as: mg FN = ma mg FN F 51 9.8 a= = g N = 9.8 = 0.71 m / s 2 downwards [0/1] m m 55 [1/0]

FN

mg

9. Suggest two different experimental methods to measure the static coefficient of friction. Explain in sufficient detail why the methods suggested may give reasonably correct result for the coefficient of static friction. [1/1] Suggested Answer: We may use an incline to obtain experimentally the static coefficient of friction between the surfaces under the investigation: We may raise the angle of the incline (surface where the object is) gradually until the object starts moving. The tangent of the angle of the incline is that of the static friction: s = tan C sin C [0/1] mg sin C s mg cos C = 0 s = = tan C // // cos C

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

We may use a dynamometer to measure instantly the coefficient of static and kinetic friction. We pull the object by a dynamometer on a horizontal surface until it starts moving. The force measured by the dynamometer is exactly f equal to that of the static friction force: f f = s FN = s mg s = f mg The coefficient of the static friction is just the force measured by the dynamometer divided by the weight of the object. [1/0]

When assessing your work in the problems 10-12 I am going to consider: How well you have presented your work. How systematic and general your presentation, your solution and your reasoning are. If your calculations are correct. Your analysis of the results and your conclusions. How well you are using the mathematical and physical language in your presentation. 10. A 130 .0 g necklace is suspected of being gold-plated lead instead of pure gold. If it is dropped into a full glass of water 10.0 g of water spills over. What proportion of the necklace is pure gold? Density of pure gold is gold = 19.0 g / cm 3 , and that of lead is

lead = 11.0 g / cm3 . Density of water is water = 1.0 g / cm3 .

[2/4/M1-M5]

Suggested solutions: Answer: Only 36.5% of the bracelet is made of the pure gold. The rest, i.e. 63.5% is made of lead. Data: mnecklace = 130.0 g , mw = 10.0 g , V = 10.0 cm 3 First method : m 130.0 necklace = necklace = = 13.0 g / cm 3 Vnecklace 10.0 mlead + mgold = 130.0 g mlead = 130.0 mgold g

[0/1]

Vlead + Vgold = 10.0 cm 3

mlead

ead

m gold

gold
+

= 10.0 cm 3

[0/1]

Using gold = 19.0 g / cm 3 , lead = 11.0 g / cm 3 , and mlead = 130 m gold g :

= 10.0 11 19 19 130 m gold 11 m gold + = 10.0 19 11 11 19 19 (130.0 mgold ) + 11mgold = 10.0 11 19

130 m gold

m gold

[0/1] [0/1]

2470 19mgold + 11mgold = 2090

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

8mgold = 2470 2090 = 380 m gold =

m gold =

380 g = 47.50 g 8

[1/0]

47.50 g = 0.365 = 36.5% [1/0] mnecklace 130.0 g Answer: Only 36.5% of the bracelet is made of the pure gold. The rest, i.e. 63.5% is made of lead.
Second method: Lets assume : x Vgold , and y Vlead . Therefore, we may construct a two simultaneous equations system as: total mass is 130 g 19 x + 11 y = 130 [0/2] total volume is 10 cm 3 x + y = 10 To solve this equation system, we may multiply both sides of the second equation by 11 and subtract the results from the first one so y is eliminated: 19 x + 11 y = 130 11x + 11 y = 110 19 x 11x = 130 110 [1/0] 8 x = 20 20 x= = 2.5 cm 3 [0/1] 8 mgold = 19 x = 19 2.5 = 47.5 g [1/0]

m gold mnecklace

47.5 = 0.365 = 36.5% 130

[0/1]

Answer: Only 36.5% of the bracelet is made of the pure gold. The rest, i.e. 63.5% is made of lead. Note that this is the percentage weight, while the percentage volume is: V gold 2 .5 = = 0.25 = 25% Vnecklace 10 It is customary to use the mass percentage rather than volume percentage of gold in jewelry. Why? 1

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

Third method: Lets assume : x mgold , and y mlead . Therefore, we may construct a two simultaneous equations system as: total mass is 130 g total mass is 130 g x + y = 130 [0/2] y x total volume is 10 cm 3 + = 10 19 11 To solve this equation system, we may first simplify the second equation a by multiplying both sides of the equation by 19 11 = 209 : x + y = 130 11x + 19 y = 2 090 We may use elimination method to solve the problem. This may be achieved by multiplying the both sides of the first equation by 19 and subtract the second equation from the results: 19 x + 19 y = 19 130 = 2 470 11x + 19 y = 2 090 19 x 11x = 2 470 2 090 380 8 x = 380 x = = 47.5 g Answer: x = 47.5 g 8 y = 130 x = 130 47.5 g = 82.5 g Answer: y = 82.5 g Answer: The 130 g necklace is made of x = 47.5 g gold and y = 82.5 g m gold = 36.5% of the necklace is made of gold. lead. Therefore only mnecklace m gold 47.5 = = 0.365 = 36.5% [0/1] mnecklace 130 Answer: Only 36.5% of the bracelet is made of the pure gold. The rest, i.e. 63.5% is made of lead. Note that this is the percentage weight, while the percentage volume is: V gold 2 .5 = = 0.25 = 25% Vnecklace 10 It is customary to use the mass percentage rather than volume percentage of gold in jewelry. Why? 2

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

11. A uniform ladder of mass m = 10.0 kg and length L = 6.0 m leans at an angle against a frictionless wall. The coefficient of static friction between the ground and the ladder is = 0.40 . a) Draw on the figure all forces applied on the ladder. Identify the forces, for example normal force, friction,Calculate the minimum angle at which the ladder will not slip? [1/2/M1 M5] If the ladder makes an angle of = 70. with the ground, calculate the forces exerted on the ladder by the ground b) and the wall. [2/2] determine the minimum coefficient of friction at the c)

base of the ladder if the ladder is not to slip when a 75.0 kg person stands the way up the ladder. Note that sin (90 ) = cos , and tan =

Suggested solutions: Data: m = 10.0 kg , L = 6.0 m , = 0.4 , min =? , = 70 , 4 FG = ? , FW = ? mPer = 75.0 kg , L 5 a) The condition of static equilibrium requires that r sum of all forces on the ladder is zero: F = 0 and the total torque about any point on the ladder must r be zero: = 0 . i.e.:

sin cos

4 of 5 [1/2/M1 M5]

FW

FGy

ff

up

= Fdown ,

Clockwise

= counter

left

= Fright , and

clockwise

Figure [0/1]

Lets name the forces as Fw , FGx , FGy , mg , and mPer g as illustrated in the figure to the right. FGy : Normal force from the ground on the ladder.

FGx : The horizontal force from the ground on the ladder. This force is the
friction force. Fw : Normal force from the ground on the ladder. mg : Weight of the ladder. mPer g : Weight of Per. The conditions for static equilibrium requires that: The sum of all forces up is equal to the sum of all forces down: FGy = mg = 10.0 9.8 = 98. N

[1/0]

The sum of all clock-wise torques is equal to the total torque counterclockwise about the point where the ladder touches the ground: L / mg sin (90 ) mg cos mg = mg sin (90 ) = L FW sin FW = / = 2 2 sin 2 sin 2 tan [0/1]
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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

The sum of all forces to the right is equal to the sum of all forces to mg the left: FGx = FW = . 2 tan On the other hand, the maximum friction force on the ground is f f max = FGy = mg = 0.40 98. N = 39.2 N 39 N . This is maximum

horizontal force between the base of the ladder and the ground calculated above. Therefore: mg mg 1 FGx = FW = 1 = mg tan C = C = tan 1 2 tan 51 2 tan C 2 2 0.4 f f max = FGy = mg [1/2/M1M5]

MVG- quality

The student demonstrates the highest quality in solving problem 11a by:

M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses Uses free-body-diagram, generalize general methods with problem solving. the problem. Uses conditions necessary for the static equilibrium, i.e. Fx = 0 , Fy = 0 , and

clockwise = counter clockwise . Calculates the minimum critical angle: C 51 .

M5 The presentation is structured, and
mathematical-physical language is correct.

Presentation of a well structured solution with specially a correct mathematical language.

Second method regarding calculation of torques: The sum of all clock-wise torques about the point where the ladder touches the ground is equal to the total torque counter-clockwise about the point: L L Fw L y = m g x Fw = m g x 2 2Ly m g Lx Fw = 2 Ly We may notice that Ly L 1 tan = x = Lx L y tan

FW

Ly

m g
FGy

FW =

mg mg FGx = FW = 2 tan 2 tan

ff

Lx
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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

b) Similarly for = 70. and = 0.40 : The sum of all forces up is equal to the sum of all forces down: FGy = mg = 10.0 9.8 = 98. N

[1/0]

The sum of all clock-wise torques is equal to the total torque counterclockwise about the point where the ladder touches the ground: L / mg sin 20 98 sin 20 mg sin 20 = L FW sin 70 FW = / FW = = 17.8 N [0/2] 2 2 sin 70 2 sin 70 The sum of all forces to the right is equal to the sum of all forces to the left: FW = FGx 17.8 N . Note that this friction force is less than the maximum friction force, i.e. f f = FGy = mg = 0.40 98. N = 39.2 N 39 N , otherwise, the ladder would slip.
2 2 FG = FGx + FGy = 17.8 2 + 98 2 99.6 N

[1/0]

FG 100 N

= tan 1

FGy 98 = tan 1 79.7 80. FGx 17.8

80.

c) Similarly for = 70. , using the additional weight 4 mPer = 75.0 kg , L , min = ? 5 FGy = mg + m per g = (10.0 + 75.0 ) 9.8 = 833. N

L / 4L / F mg sin 20 + m per g sin 20 = L FW sin 70 / 2 5 L 4 L 5 8 5 mg sin 20 + m per g sin 20 = FW sin 70 10 10 m g 5 m + 8 m per m g FW = g sin 20 10 sin 70 f 5 10 + 8 75 FW = 9.8 sin 20 = 232 N 10 sin 70 f f = FW = 232 N 232 min 833 N = 232 N min = min = 0.278 833 f f = min FGy = min 833 N
Gy

Per

MVG- quality

The student demonstrates the highest quality in solving problem 11c by:
Uses free-body-diagram, generalizes the problem. Uses conditions necessary for the static equilibrium, i.e. Fx = 0 , Fy = 0 , and

M1 Formulates and develops the

problem, uses general methods with problem solving.

clockwise = counter clockwise

M5 The presentation is structured,
and mathematical-physical language is correct.

Presentation of a well structured solution with specially a correct mathematical language.

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

12. A M = 1.00 kg wooden block on a plain inclined at = 54 is connected to a bucket by a light cord running over a frictionless pulley. The empty bucket is 200. g . It is partially filled with 800. g sand. M The coefficient of static and friction between the block and the surface of the block are s = 0.50 and k = 0.30 m respectively. You are going to investigate the possibility of sliding of the wooden block down as well as up the incline.

a. b.

Show that the system at the present condition is stationary.

[2/0]

Investigate, how much sand must be removed from the bucket until the wooden block starts sliding down the incline. Include free-body-diagram for both the block and the bucket containing sand. [1/2] Calculate the acceleration of the block and the magnitude of the tension in the cord as the block start sliding down the incline after removing the minimum amount of sand from the bucket. (If you could not solve the part a above, for partial credit, you may assume that 500. g sand is removed from the bucket.) [1/3/M1M2M5] Investigate, how much sand must be added to the partially filled bucket (i.e. 1000. g ) until the wooden block starts sliding up the incline. Include free-bodydiagram for both the block and the bucket containing sand. [1/2] Calculate the acceleration of the block and the magnitude of the tension in the cord as the block start sliding up the incline after adding a minimum amount of sand to the bucket. (If you could not solve the part a above, for partial credit, you may assume that 200. g sand is added to the partially filled bucket, and the total mass of the bucket filled with sand is now 1 200. g ) [1/3/M1M2M5]

c.

d.

e.

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

Suggested solution: Data: M = 1.00 kg , m mbucket = 200. g = 0.200 kg , , = 54 , s = 0.50 , k = 0.30 , msand = 800. g = 0.800 kg Problem: removed msand = ? , a = ? , FT = ? ; added msand = ? , a = ? , FT = ? a, b, d : If we show that the block neither can slide down nor it can slide up at the present situation we have shown that the system is stationary. o [Note that the solution in this part answers also the question 12d] Lets first assume that the block intends to slide up the incline. If we show that the minimum msand required in this case is more than the amount of sand in the bucket at the present, i.e. more than msand = 800. g , we have shown that the bucket can not slide up the incline at present situation:
FT FT

Mg sin( )
f f = mg cos

m + msand

(m + msand ) g
As the sand is added to the bucket, it gets heavier and heavier. The friction force, f f gradually increases to its maximum value s Mg cos ( ) in the opposite direction of the intended motion. Just before, the last grain of the sand is added to the bucket, the total force on the wooden block, as well as the total force on the bucket containing sand is zero, according to the Newtons first law: FT (m + msand )g = 0 FT = (m + msand )g s Mg cos( ) + Mg sin ( ) FT = 0 s Mg cos( ) + Mg sin ( ) = (m + msand )g M ( s cos ( ) + sin ( ))g = (m + m sand )g m + m sand = M ( s cos ( ) + sin ( )) / / m sand = M ( s cos ( ) + sin ( )) m m sand = 1.00(0.50 cos (54 ) + sin (54 )) 0.200 = 0.900 m sand = 0.900 is more than the amount of sand in the bucket at the present. Therefore, the partially filled bucket at the present can not pull down the block. At least m sand = 900 msand = 900 800 = 100 g sand must be added to the bucket if the block is to slide up the incline. [1/2 for 12d]

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

o Lets assume that the block intends to slide down the incline. If we show that the maximum amount of sand msand required in this case is less than the amount of sand in the bucket at the present, i.e. less than msand = 800. g , we have shown that the bucket can not slide up the incline at present situation:
f f = s Mg cos( )
FT FT

m + msand

Mg sin ( )

(m + msand ) g

As the sand is removed from the bucket, it gets lighter and lighter. The friction force, f f gradually increases to its maximum value s Mg cos ( ) in the opposite direction of the intended motion. Just before, the last grain of the sand is removed from the bucket, the total force on the wooden block, as well as the total force on the bucket containing sand is zero, according to the Newtons first law: FT = (m + msand )g [1/0] Mg sin ( ) = (m + m sand )g + s Mg cos ( ) / / / Mg sin ( ) = FT + s Mg cos ( )
m sand = 1.0 sin (54 ) 0.5 1.0 cos (54 ) 0.2 = 0.315 kg = 315 g M sin ( ) = m + m sand + s M cos ( ) m sand = M sin ( ) s M cos ( ) m

m sand = 315 g is less than the amount of sand in the bucket. Therefore,

the block at the present can not pull the partially filled bucket. m sand = m sand 315 g = 800 315 g = 485 g = 0.485 kg sand must be removed from the bucket if the block is to slide down the incline. c) As demonstrated above m sand = m sand 315 g = 800 315 g = 485 g sand must be removed from the bucket if the block is to slide down the incline. As the block starts moving the kinetic friction takes over, and therefore the system accelerates. We may solve the problem for m sand = 315 g = 0.315 kg The total mass of the partially filled bucket is: m + 315 g = 200 + 315 g = 515 g = 0.515 kg If we name the tension in the cord as FT and denote the acceleration of the system by a , according to Newtons second law of motion, and

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

noting that the friction force is changed to f fk = k Mg cos( ) in the opposite direction of motion as illustrated in the figure below: FT 0.515 g = ma Mg sin ( ) FT s Mg cos( ) = Ma which may be solved using the elimination method. The accelerated system is illustrated in the figure below.
f fk = k Mg cos( )
FT FT

a
M

0.515 kg

Mg sin ( )

0.515 g N

FT 0.515 g = 0.515 a Mg sin ( ) 0.515 g k Mg cos( ) = 0.515 a + Ma Mg sin ( ) FT k Mg cos ( ) = Ma (M sin ( ) k M cos( ) 0.515 ) g = (0.515 + M ) a (M sin ( ) k M cos( ) 0.515) g Answer: a = (0.515 + M ) According the equation above the difference between the Mg sin ( ) and FT + k Mg cos( ) accelerates the total mass of the system 0.515 + M kg .

FT 0.515 g = 0.515 a FT = 0.515 g + 0.515 a FT = 0.515 (g + a ) FT = 0.515 ( g + a ) FT = 0.515 (9.8 + 0.76 ) FT = 5.44 N 5.4 N FT 5.4 N Answer: If we remove 315 g sand from the bucket, the block will start moving down the incline, the kinetic friction takes over, and the system immediately accelerates at the rate of a = 0.76 m / s 2 down the incline. The tension in the cord is FT 5.4 N . MVG- quality The student demonstrates MVGquality in solving 12a through M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses Use of the free-body-diagram, and general methods with problem solving. solving Newtons equation of motion for both the bucket and the block. M2 Analyses and interprets the results, concludes Through interpretation of the results.
and evaluates if they are reasonable.

(1.0 sin (54) 0.3 1.0 cos(54) 0.515) g = 0.76 a= (0.515 + 1.0)

[M2]
m / s2

Answer: a = 0.76 m / s 2

M5 The presentation is structured, and

mathematical-physical language is correct.

Using clear structure and mathematical-physically correct language.

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

d) The solution for 12d is included in the solution for part 12a a somewhat different solution is presented here:
FT FT

m + msand
f f = s Mg cos ( )

Mg sin ( )

(m + msand ) g
If the block is to slide up the incline, the following condition must be satisfied: (m + msand )g > M ( s cos( ) + sin ( ))g m + msand > M ( s cos( ) + sin ( )) / / m sand > M ( s cos ( ) + sin ( )) m m sand > 1.0 (0.5 cos (54 ) + sin (54)) 0.200 m sand > 0.900 kg madded _ sand > 0.900 0.800 kg madded _ sand > 0.100 kg Therefore, at least 100 gram sand must be added to the bucket of sand for the block to slide up the incline. [1/2] e) As mentioned in the section d above if we add 100 g sand to the bucket, increasing the total mass of the sand in the bucket to 0.900 kg the system starts sliding up the incline and the kinetic friction takes over. The excess force causes the system to accelerate. The total mass of the bucket and sand is now 1.100 kg .

m + m sand = 1.100 kg (m + m sand ) g = 1.100 g = 1.100 9.8 = 10.78 N

The free-body-diagram for the block as well as the bucket is plotted in the figure below. If we take the direction of the acceleration of the objects in the figure above, as positive, according to Newtons second law of motion

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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

FT FT

a
M

m + msand

a
Mg sin( )
f fk = k Mg cos( )

1.100 kg

(m + msand ) g

10.78 N
Figure [0/1]

1.100 g FT = 1.100 a add 1.100 g Mg sin ( ) k Mg cos( ) = 1.100 a + Ma FT Mg sin ( ) k Mg cos( ) = Ma

1.100 g Mg sin ( ) k Mg cos ( ) = (1.100 + M ) a

a=

1.100 g Mg sin ( ) k Mg cos( ) (1.100 + M )

According the equation above the difference between the total weight of the partially filled bucket, i.e. 10.78 N and Mg sin ( ) + k Mg cos( ) accelerates the total mass of the system 1.100 + M kg .
a=

[0/1/M1M2]
a 0.54 m / s 2

(1.100 1.0 sin (54 ) 0.3 1.0 cos(54 )) g = 0.535 (1.100 + 1.000 )

m / s 2 0.54 m / s 2

1.100 g FT = 1.100 a FT = 1.100 g 1.100 a FT = 1.100 (g a ) FT = 1.100 (g a ) FT = 1.100 (9.8 0.535) FT 10.19 N 10. N FT 10 N Answer: If we remove 315 g sand from the bucket, the block will start moving down the incline, the kinetic friction immediately takes over, and the system accelerates at the rate of a = 0.73 m / s 2 down the incline. The tension in the cord is FT 10. N . [1/1/M5]

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses

general methods with problem solving.

M2 Analyses and interprets the results, concludes

and evaluates if they are reasonable. M5 The presentation is structured, and mathematical-physical language is correct.

The student demonstrates MVGquality in solving 12b through Use of the free-body-diagram, and solving Newtons equation of motion for both the bucket and the block. Through interpretation of the results. Using clear structure and mathematical-physically correct language.
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Solution FyANVC09 Ch 3, 4, 8.4, 9.2-5, 10.1-6 Vectors, Newton's laws, Torque, Pressure

NV-College

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses M2 M3 M4 M5

general methods with problem solving. Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable. Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning. Evaluates and compares different methods and mathematical models. The presentation is structured, and mathematical-physical language is correct.

10

11a

11b

12c

12e

MVG- quality M1 Formulates and develops the problem, uses M2 M3 M4 M5

general methods with problem solving. Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable. Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning. Evaluates and compares different methods and mathematical models. The presentation is structured, and mathematical-physical language is correct.

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