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IFSL RESEARCH

HEDGE FUNDS 2010

APRIL 2010 OVERVIEW Global hedge fund assets under management posted strong gains for much of 2009 following sharp falls seen in the previous year due to conditions brought about by the global economic downturn. This IFSL report provides an overview of the global hedge funds industry with particular emphasis on Londons role as the second largest global centre for hedge funds. Assets under management of the hedge fund industry increased by 13% in 2009 to $1,700bn1 (Chart 1). This followed a 30% decline in the previous year. Redemptions continued for the second year running, albeit at a slower pace. The 19% return in 2009, the best hedge funds performance in a decade, more than made up for the $85bn in net outflows. The number of hedge funds totalled around 9,400 at the end of the year, a reduction of more than 1,000 from the peak seen two years earlier. New hedge fund launches however exceeded the number of liquidations in the second half of 2009. Growth of hedge fund industry assets is likely to continue in 2010 barring further economic turbulence or major regulatory changes. The fund of hedge funds industry has been particularly affected by the economic downturn and the reputational damage following the revealing of the Madoff fraud in 2008. Assets of fund of funds totalled around $500bn at the end of 2009, down 17% from the previous year, and over 40% below the peak seen two years earlier. The proportion of single manager hedge fund assets originating from fund of funds fell to 30% in 2009 from 40% a year earlier. Flow of funds The surge in redemptions which started in the latter part of 2008 continued in the first half of 2009. Some hedge funds were forced to suspend redemptions because selling illiquid assets would have exposed the remaining investors to bigger potential losses. Firms more oriented towards institutional investors have fared better in this environment as institutional investors have been less inclined to redeem assets. More than a half of impaired assets at the end of 2008 were returned to standard liquidity terms by the end of 2009 (Chart 2). The asset raising environment slowly improved during 2009 with a return to net asset inflows in the second half of the year (Chart 3). Location of management The US was the largest management centre for hedge funds with 68% of the total at the end of 2009, down from 82% a decade earlier. Europe followed with 23% and Asia 6%. New York is the worlds leading centre for hedge fund managers, followed by London. IFSL estimates that around 41% of global hedge fund assets were managed from New York in 2009, down from over 50% at the start of the decade. Londons 20% share of the global total was unchanged from the previous year. London is by far the largest centre in Europe for the management of hedge funds. At the end of 2009, three-quarters of European hedge fund assets totalling nearly $400bn were managed out of the UK, predominantly from London. The UK is also a leading centre for hedge fund services such as administration, prime brokerage, custody and auditing.
1 Estimates of the size of the hedge fund industry vary due to restrictions imposed on advertising and reporting of performance by hedge funds. As there are no authoritative estimates this report is based on commercial databases and index providers which rely on information provided voluntarily.

WWW.IFSL.ORG.UK

Chart 1 Global hedge funds

$bn assets (bars) 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Source: IFSL estimates 0 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 Number (line) 12,000

Chart 2 Liquidation of impaired assets

$bn 174 Impaired assets Assets returned to standard liquidity terms

145 54% 116 86% 87 71%

41%

58 59% 46% 29 14% 0

1

29%

Q1 2009

Q2 2009

Q3 2009

Q4 2009

$174bn global assets estimated as impaired at end-2008 Source: Credit Suisse / Tremont Hedge Index

April 2010

Hedge Funds

THE GLOBAL HEDGE FUNDS Chart 3 Net asset flow INDUSTRY

$bn
Net asset flow 150 100 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 -250 -100 -150 q4 0 -50 50 Returns

Assets under management of the hedge fund industry increased by 13% in 2009 to $1,700bn (Chart 1). This follows a 30% decline in the previous year. Redemptions continued for the second year running, albeit at a slower pace. Strong performance in 2009 however more than made up for the $85bn in net outflows.

250 200

Flow of funds The surge in redemptions -300 -200 q3 q4 q1 q2 q3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 which started in the latter part of 2008 2009 2008 continued in the first half of 2009. Source: IFSL estimates Hedge funds more oriented towards institutional investors have fared better in this environment as they have been Chart 4 Hedge fund launches and liquidations less inclined to redeem assets. Some hedge funds were forced to suspend redemptions towards the end of 2008 because selling illiquid assets would have Number exposed remaining investors to bigger potential losses. More than a half of 2,500 Launched Liquidated these impaired assets were returned to standard liquidity terms by the end of 2,000 2009 (Chart 2). The asset raising environment slowly improved during 2009 1,500 with a return to net asset inflows in the second half of the year (Chart 3).
1,000

Number of hedge funds The number of hedge funds totalled around 9,400 at the end of 2009. Three-quarters of these were single manager hedge funds and the remainder fund of hedge funds. This 2009 total represents a reduction of more than 1,000 from the peak seen two years earlier (Chart 4). The fall was caused by funds closing due to losses, lack of liquidity and redemptions as investors looked for safer investments. New hedge fund launches however exceeded the number of liquidations in the second half of 2009. Employment According to the Alternative Investment Management Association (AIMA), the UK hedge fund industry employs around 40,000 people. Around 10,000 of these are directly employed by hedge funds and the remainder among the industrys advisers and service providers. The hedge fund industry employs some 150,000 people worldwide. Geographical distribution of hedge funds Domicile of fund Hedge funds can be registered in onshore or offshore locations. Around 60% of the number of hedge funds in 2009 were registered in offshore locations. The Cayman Islands was the most popular registration location and accounted for 39% of the number of global hedge funds. It was followed by Delaware (US) 27%, British Virgin Islands 7% and Bermuda 5%. Around 5% of global hedge funds are registered in the EU, primarily in Ireland and Luxembourg. Location of management Hedge funds are predominantly managed from onshore locations. The US is by far the leading location for management of
2

500 0 -500 -1,000 -1,500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: IFSL estimates

Chart 5 Management location of global hedge fund assets

% share of assets under management 1% 100 5%

3% 6% 23%

12% 80

60

40

82% 68%

20

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 US Europe Asia Other

Source: IFSL estimates

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Hedge Funds

hedge fund assets with over two-thirds of the Chart 6 Top hedge fund cities total. Its share, however, was well below its 80% share at the start of the decade. Europe % share of total hedge doubled its share during this period (Chart 5). fund assets by location of manager New York is the worlds leading centre for managers of hedge funds, followed by London. IFSL estimates that 41% of global hedge fund assets were managed from New York in 2009, down from over 50% at the start of the decade (Chart 6). Londons 20% share of the global total was unchanged from the previous year. A breakdown by management location of the largest 100 hedge funds shows that New York accounted for 47% of assets in 2009, followed by London 21%, Boston 7% and Greenwich 6%. London is much the largest centre in Europe for the management of hedge funds. According to Eurohedge data, at the end of 2009, 76% of European single manager hedge fund assets totalling $382bn were managed out of the UK, the vast majority from London (Chart 7). Londons share was up slightly from 75% in the previous year. If fund of funds assets are taken into account, London probably accounts for close to 90% of hedge funds assets managed in Europe. There were nearly 1,400 European-based hedge funds in 2009, of which two-thirds were located in London. Other important locations for hedge fund managers in Europe include France, Switzerland and Sweden.
55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

London New York

% share of largest 100 hedge funds assets by location of manager

Other San Francisco Wesport 3% 4% Greenwich 6% Boston 7% 21% London 11%

New York

47%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: IFSL estimates

Chart 7 European based hedge funds market

$bn 600 Assets $bn Number of funds Number 2,000 % share, 2009

500

400

Other US Netherlands 2% 9% 1,500 France 2% 2% Switzerland 4% Sweden 5% 1,000 76%

UK

300

200 500 100 Total: $382bn

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: Eurohedge

Chart 8 Global hedge fund returns

average annual return, %
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Source: Hedgefund Intelligence

Many hedge funds in Europe have recently launched UCITS III compliant stand-alone onshore fund vehicles which are allowed to be distributed throughout the EU to institutional and retail clients. These funds employ a range of strategies that use derivatives and limited leverage within a regulated framework. A Deutsche Bank survey recorded a 50% growth in 2009 of UCITS assets under management and found that 35% of investors in its Table 1 UCITS Absolute Return Funds survey plan to allocate to such Number $bn, assets funds in 2010. The UK is the end-2009 UK 72 14.4 dominant centre in this area and France 21 4.6 accounts for about a half of Luxembourg 9 4.4 Sweden 3 2.3 assets under management and Italy 3 1.1 number of funds (Table 1). Others 38 3.5
Total 146 30.3

Despite the global economic

Source: Hedgefund Intelligence

April 2010

Hedge Funds Chart 9 Asset flows by sector

$bn
Convertible Arbitrage Dedicated Short Bias Emerging Markets Equity Market Neutral -4.8 H1-2009 H2-2009 -6.0 0.7 -0.4 2.2 -26.5 6.7 -6.1 -1.3 -6.5 1.8 -20.6 7.1 0.2 2.9 -19.5 5 10 -0.9 -0.7 0.1

slowdown, London retains its structural advantages which make it an attractive location for hedge fund management. These include its local expertise, the proximity of clients and markets and a strong asset management industry. London is also a leading centre for hedge fund services such as administration, prime brokerage, custody and auditing. With around a half of European investment banking activity conducted through London, it is a natural location for prime brokerage services. Asia, and more particularly China, is taking on a more important role in the global hedge fund industry more as a source of funds than a location for management. The UK and the US are leading locations for management of Asian hedge funds assets with around a quarter of the total each. Other important centres include Hong Kong, Australia, Singapore and Japan. HEDGE FUNDS RETURNS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES Hedge funds 2009 return globally averaged 19%, the highest for a decade (Chart 8). This comes just one year after hedge funds posted the worst annual loss in history brought about by the falls in equity markets, a ban on short-selling and pressure to liquidate positions to meet margin and redemption calls. As market conditions improved in 2009 and equity markets recovered, hedge funds saw positive performance across most strategies. The 2009 return was lower than the 27% return on the MSCI World Index but much higher than the 6.9% of the Barclays Capital Global Aggregate Bond Index. Hedge funds investment strategies vary enormously. Strategies may be designed to be directional (which try to anticipate market movements) or market-neutral (which have low correlation to the market movements). Equity long/short strategies typically account for the leading share of strategies. While nine out of ten of the most common investments strategies saw a net outflow of funds in the first half of 2009, only four experienced outflows in the second half of the year. Long/short equity, event driven, managed futures saw the biggest inflows in the second half of the year (Chart 9). SOURCES OF FUNDS Institutional investors are the biggest source of capital for hedge funds, having overtaken high net worth individuals in 2008. Funds with a higher proportion of institutional investors fared better in market conditions of falling liquidity in 2008 and the early part of 2009. A breakdown of institutional investors by type of investor shows that fund of hedge funds accounted for 24% of assets, followed by public pension funds 17%, endowment plans 14% and private pension funds 14% (Charts 10 and 11). The geographical breakdown of institutional investors shows that more than a half originate in the US, followed by the UK 14% and Switzerland 5%. Fund of hedge funds assets totalled around $500bn or some 30% of global hedge fund assets. This was
4

Event Driven Fixed Income Arbitrage Global Macro Long/Short Equity Managed Futures Multi-Strategy

-1.7 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Source: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index

Chart 10 Global hedge funds by source of capital

% share
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 54% 48% 44% 44% 31% 2007 26% 2009 18% 20% 24% 30% 31% 29% 8% 10% 10% 8% 9% 15% 8% 9% 15% 14% 19% 7% 7% 12% 12% 12% 14% 12%

Individuals Corporations

Fund of funds

Pension funds

Endowments and foundations

Source: Hennessee Group LLC

Chart 11 Institutional investors in hedge funds

% share, 2009 by type of investor Other Asset managers 6% Family offices 13% 17% 14% 14% Private pension funds Endowment plans Public pension funds 14% UK 12% Fund of hedge funds 24% 2% Canada 3% Australia 3% Switzerland 5% Germany 52% by originating country Other 20% US

Source: Preqin

April 2010

Hedge Funds Chart 12 Global Fund of Hedge Funds industry

$bn, assets under management 900 Number of funds 3,500

down 17% from the previous Table 2 Largest hedge funds year and nearly a half below the peak seen two years earlier Largest hedge funds ( January 2010) $bn (Charts 12 and 13). The value of 1. JP Morgan 50.4 43.6 the industrys assets began to fall 2. Bridgewater Associates 3. Paulson & Co. 32.0 in mid-2008 as investors began 4. Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP 27.9 27.0 converting their investments into 5. Soros Fund Management 6. D.E. Shaw Group 23.6 cash due to widespread losses in 7. Och-Ziff Capital Management Group 23.5 the hedge funds industry. The 8. Baupost Group 21.8 21.7 fall in reputation of the industry 9. Man AHL 10. Angelo, Gordon & Co. 20.8 following the revealing of the Source: Hedgefund Intelligence Bernard Madoff fraud in 2008 also contributed to the decline. Adding to this, fund of hedge funds significantly underperformed hedge funds in 2009 with around 10% in returns in 2009, much less than the 19% made by the hedge funds industry. The breakdown of hedge funds of funds by manager location shows that around a quarter of assets were managed from the UK. The US was the most popular location with around 30% of the market. Switzerland, France and Hong Kong were also important centres. To deal with the decline in assets many fund of funds were forced to reduce management and performance fees in order to attract new investments and retain existing customers. The number of publicly quoted hedge fund of funds has increased over the past decade. Most of these listings are on the London and Zurich exchanges. The London Stock Exchange overtook Zurich in 2006 to become the location of choice for funds of hedge funds listings. Secondary market for hedge funds is a market where investors can buy into some hedge funds at a discount to net asset value. This is an OTC market where each deal is individually priced and structured. The secondary hedge funds market allows investors to sell stakes in funds that have lockups or have limited redemptions. It also lets others into funds that aren't accepting new investors. As record investor redemptions swept over the industry in late 2008 and restrictions on redemptions imposed by some hedge funds increased, many investors turned to the secondary market to try to sell their stakes. In December 2009, Hedgebay, one of the leading players in secondary market-making for hedge funds, saw its global hedge funds secondary market index drop to a record low, to just under 80% of the average net asset value. LARGEST HEDGE FUNDS The hedge fund industry has become more concentrated at the top end over the past decade. With fund closures on the rise and new launches on the decline for much of 2008 and 2009 consolidation intensified. The industry will probably be characterised by a greater concentration of assets in the large funds in the next few years. The top 100 hedge funds accounted for around 70% of total industry assets in 2009, up from 54% in 2003 (Chart 14). JP Morgan was the largest hedge fund with $50bn under management in January 2010 (Table 2). It was followed by Bridgewater Associates $44bn and Paulson & Co $32bn. The 8% hedge fund attrition rate in 2009 was down on the previous year but much higher than the 3% to 5% range seen over the previous 10 years (Chart 15).

800 700 600 2,500 500 400 2,000 300 200 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1,000 1,500 3,000

Sources: IFSL estimates

Chart 13 Single-manager hedge fund capital provided by funds of hedge funds

% share
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Sources: IFSL estimates

Chart 14 Concentration of hedge fund assets

% share, 2009
100

30%
80

60

99%

40

70%

20

1%
Funds Assets

Source: IFSL estimates

April 2010

Hedge Funds Chart 15 Hedge fund attrition rates

% share
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

PROVIDERS OF SERVICES TO HEDGE FUNDS Prime brokers offer brokerage and other professional services to hedge funds and other large institutional customers. Rather than providing particular niche services, prime brokers offer a diverse range of services including: financing, clearing and settlement of trades, custodial services, risk management and operational support facilities (Chart 16). The bulk of prime brokers income comes from cash lending to support leverage and stock lending to facilitate short selling, both areas that have been affected to a large extent in 2008 and early part of 2009 by redemptions and a general decline in hedge funds leverage levels. London is Europes leading centre for prime brokerage services and accounts for more than 90% of its activity, as the largest investment banks that provide these services are either headquartered or have a major office there. Major restructuring occurred amongst prime brokers in 2008 and 2009 such as the acquisition of Bear Stearns by JP Morgan, the takeover of Lehman Brothers by Barclays Capital and the acquisition of Merrill Lynch by Bank of America. This resulted in a shift in market share from some former investment banks to commercial banks. Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan were the largest prime brokers in 2009 each with around a fifth of the market. Morgan Stanley saw the biggest decline in its market share, dropping to 13.5% in 2009 from 20% in 2008 (Table 3). According to the Financial Services Authority, the average margin requirement of prime brokers increased from around 25% in 2007 to nearly 40% in October 2009 (Chart 18). This is likely to drop in 2010 as liquidity continues to return to the industry. Hedge funds leverage increased to an average of around 1.50 in 2009 from 1.10 in 2008, almost back to levels in the years preceding the credit crisis (Chart 19).

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Sources: Hennessee Group; IFSL estimates

Chart 16 Types of services provided to hedge funds by prime brokers

% share of banks surveyed providing a service, 2004 Securities lending Cash lending Trade execution Clearance & settl. Fund administ. 55% 50% 45% 40% 70%

Fund administrators The extent to which hedge fund managers outsource Custody services 40% administrative functions such as accounting, investor services or risk analysis 30% varies widely. Assets under administration by third-party hedge fund Risk Management 25% administrators fell by around 2% in the first half of 2009 following a 30% fall Capital introduct. in 2008. Citco Fund Services retained its position as the largest hedge fund Credit lines 20% 0 10 20 30 40 50 administrator despite a 9% fall in assets under management in the second half of 2009 to $340bn. It was followed by State Street Alternative Investment Source: Banking Supervision Comittee, ECB Solutions and The Bank of New York Mellon (Table 4). There may be an increase in the outsourcing of administrative functions in the coming years as hedge funds will be looking to reassure their clients due to the fall in reputation of the industry following the Madoff fraud and the Chart 17 Structure of a typical hedge fund suspension of redemptions by a number of funds in the latter part of 2008. Managers of offshore hedge funds typically rely on offshore administrators for various types of services and operational support. In addition to helping set up the offshore fund, offshore administrators may also provide accounting and reporting services; offer advice on an ongoing basis with reference to complying with applicable laws; or offer independent pricing of a funds portfolio of securities. Some offshore locations may subject the administrators to licensing and auditing requirements.
6
Investors

60

70

80

Fund Administrator

Hedge fund

Custodian

Hedge Fund Manager

1 Dashed lines indicate optional relationships Sources: AIMA and ASSIRT Hedge Fund Booklet

Prime broker/dealer

April 2010

Hedge Funds Table 4 Largest hedge fund administrators

end-June 2009 Citco Fund Services State Street Altern. Invest. Solutions The Bank of New York Mellon Goldman Sachs Admin. Services Citi HSBC Securities Services SS&C Fund Services CACEIS Investor Services GlobeOp Financial Services Fortis Prime Fund Solutions $bn 340 208 159 156 129 123 100 84 81 81 Growth from 2008 (%) -9 -14 7 -14 -14 -16 0 -8 -8 -27

Custody Hedge fund assets are Table 3 Largest hedge fund prime brokers generally held with a custodian, Jan-2009 Jan-2008 including cash in the fund as well % share % share as the actual securities. The flow Goldman Sachs 19.1 18.5 18.8 of capital capital to meet margin JP Morgan 13.5 20.0 calls may also be controlled by Morgan Stanley UBS 6.9 7.8 custodians. Deutsche Bank 6.6 5.9 Auditing Most hedge funds are set up in a way that does not require them to have their Source: Eurekahedge financial statements audited. Some hedge funds however, may undergo annual audits if this is a part of the contract between the hedge fund and its investors. This may however change if regulation of hedge funds is tightened. Some offshore locations require hedge funds to have their accounts audited. REGULATION OF HEDGE FUNDS The hedge fund industry has faced calls for stricter regulation in recent years. Although hedge funds did not play a major role in the emergence of the credit crisis it is alleged that they contributed to volatility through short-selling transactions and selling shares as a result of deleveraging and redemptions. The Financial Stability Board, successor to the Financial Stability Forum, was established in April 2009 following the G-20 London summit. The oversight of the new body was extended to all financial institutions important to global financial stability including for the first time large hedge funds. In the US, hedge fund managers have not been subject to regular SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) oversight. Rule changes introduced by the SEC in February 2006 that required hedge fund managers to register under the Investment Advisers Act were overturned by the federal court in the same year. Since then US hedge fund managers who registered with the SEC have done so voluntarily. The Private Fund Investment Advisers Registration Act 2009 will make the registration of hedge fund managers in the US mandatory. It will also subject hedge funds to new reporting and record keeping requirements. In October 2009 the House Financial Services Committee voted in favour of the Bill. The Bill will be presented to the House of Representatives in 2010 and if it passes it will move onto the Senate and eventually to the President to sign into law. Domestic regulation of hedge funds varies across Europe. In April 2009, the European Commission published its proposal for a Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMD) to establish EU-level regulation. It is now being considered by both the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. The impetus for the Directive came from the G20 summit in London which set the path for hedge fund regulation, with G20 leaders agreeing that hedge fund managers should be registered by their national regulators and should report systemically relevant data to those regulators. While the industry, led by the global hedge fund body AIMA, is supportive of those goals, international concern has been expressed by the marketing provisions of the Directive which could effectively prevent non-EU funds and managers from accessing the EU market and thus prevent EU investors from investing outside
Citigroup Credit Suisse Newedge Financial Merrill Lynch Others 5.5 5.5 2.8 2.7 18.6 4.2 4.0 2.9 36.7

Source: HFN - Hedge Fund Administrator Survey

Chart 18 Average margin requirement

% margin requirement

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Apr-05 Apr-06 Apr-07 Apr-08 Apr-09 Oct-05 Oct-06 Oct-07 Oct-08 Oct-09

Sources: Financial Services Authority

Chart 19 Hedge funds use of leverage

Gross market exposure as a % of assets under management, end-year 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Hennessee Group LLC, Financial Services Authority, IFSL estimates

April 2010

Hedge Funds

the EU. The Directive could be agreed this summer, although it would take several years to implement. UK hedge fund managers and advisors are typically required to seek authorisation from the Financial Services Authority (FSA). The regime for hedge fund managers in the UK is similar to that which applies to other investment managers. They are able to take advantage of the Investment Services Directive which allows them to offer their investment services to clients in other countries within the EEA. The FSA oversees a group of the largest hedge fund managers from within a specialist supervisory team. The FSA also specifies restrictions on sales and marketing of hedge fund products. Hedge fund products for example, cannot be marketed to the general public but UK investors can deal directly with offshore funds. Offshore hedge funds are registered in tax neutral jurisdictions allowing investors to minimise their tax liabilities. Offshore hedge funds are usually structured as corporations although may sometimes be limited partnerships. Generally the number of investors is not restricted. Onshore hedge funds often set up a complementary offshore fund to attract additional capital without exceeding limits on the number of investors. The vast majority of offshore funds are registered in the Cayman Islands followed by the British Virgin Islands and Bermuda (Chart 17). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LINKS TO OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION: www.absolutereturn.net www.eurekahedge.com www.hedgefundsreview.com www.hedgeweek.com www.hedgeworld.com www.hedgefund.com www.hedgefund-index.com www.hedgefundnews.com www.thehedgefundjournal.com www.investhedge.com www.thehfa.org www.aima.org www.eurohedge.co.uk www.hedgefundsworld.com www.hedgeco.net www.hedgefund.net www.hedgefundcenter.com www.hedgefundintelligence.com www.hedgefunds.net www.institutionalinvestor.com www.mfainfo.org www.vanhedge.com

IFSL Research:
Report author: Marko Maslakovic
Director of Economics: Duncan McKenzie d.mckenzie@ifsl.org.uk +44 (0)20 7213 9124 Senior Economist: Marko Maslakovic m.maslakovic@ifsl.org.uk +44 (0)20 7213 9123 International Financial Services London 29-30 Cornhill, London, EC3V 3NF

www.ifsl.org.uk -----------------------------------------------------International Financial Services London (IFSL) is a private sector organisation, with nearly 40 years experience of successfully promoting the exports and expertise of UKbased financial services industry throughout the world. This report on Hedge Funds is one of 16 financial sector reports in IFSLs City Business Series. All IFSLs reports can be downloaded at www.ifsl.org.uk. Copyright April 2010, IFSL

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