keyAI IITJEE MODELTEST 03

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key AI - IITJEE - Model test - 03
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Paper - I : Physics - 1 to 50
Solutions
1.a. The time for one orbit is simply the period of the will decrease the speed of the shuttle below the
motion. Recall the period = 1/frequncy. speed needed to maintain the 1 km orbit. The result
In the last sentence of the first paragraph wire told will be a decay of the orbit with the shuttle finally
the suttle makes 1.85 x 10-4 revolutions per second. crashing into the ground. The engines are needed
This is fgrequency in units of revolutions/second. to replenish the energy that is constantly being
Take one over this number to get period in “bled off” by friction. (For orbits above the Earth’s
seconds. atmosphere, the shuttle will maintain a constant
The answer choices are not very close together, so speed with the engines turned of since there will be
we can approximate as needed to make the math no frictional force to slow it down.) Statement III is
easy. Approximate 1.85 x 10-3 by 2 x 10-4. Then have incorrect because it is gravity, not the engines, that
1(2 x10-4)= 5000 seconds. provides the centripetal force. We can eliminate
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5000 seconds equals 5000/60 minutes which is close choices A and D. Statement says that gravity is too
to choice A. Note that the next closest choice is 4 strong at an altitude of 1 kilometer. A large
hrs which is over twice as large as choice A. We’re gravitational force implies that the shuttle would
certainly not off by nearly as much as a factor of 2 have to have a larger (tangential) velocity in order
in our approximations. Alternatively, since there are to be in this orbit rather than fall to the ground. As
60 x 60 = 36000 seconds in an hour, we know that long as the shuttle’s speed is great enough, it could
5000 seconds will be between 1 hour and 2 hours. orbit at 1 km above the surface (neglecting air
2.c.
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The correct answer is C. Rule out choice A, since
g = 0 implies no gravitational force, i.e. the shuttle
resistance); i.e. if the shuttle can sustain unifor
circular motion, it is dealing with gravity, no matter
is held in orbit by the gravitational force so without how strong, just fine. So it’s not the strength of the
it, the shuttle would fly off into space. The passage gravitational force that prevents an orbit at an
itself states explicitly that gravity is not absent, altitude of 1 km. This statement is thus incorrect.
things in free fall just behave as if gravity were Eliminate choice C.
absent. Choice B should also be eliminated by 4.d. All objects in the shuttle including the shuttle itself
recalling that acceleration due to gravity decr3eases are in free fall as the shuttle orbits the Earth. This
with height above the surface of the Earth, and the means that things behave the same way they do
shuttle isn’t close enough to the surface to for free fall in general. Consdier the workings of a
approximate g by this value. Choice D is just the pendulum clock on Earth. What makes the
same as choice B, that’s where the value of 9.8 pendulum swing? The force of gravity that pulls it
comes from! Choice C makes sense because we down as it swings up. Now consider a pendulum
know that the gravitional force is dependent on clock in free fall. As the passage indicates physical
distance and the altitude of the shuttle is high so behavior is observed that makes it appear as if
we can’t approximate the distance by the radius of gravity is absent (weightlessness of astronauts,
the Earth. The acceleration due to gravity g is found for example). In the apparent absence of gravity,
by applying Newton’s 2nd law to the gravitional the pendulum arm doesn’t swing, making the period
force of the Earth on an object. We write the force of its motion infinite.
as F = mg where g is the acceleration of gravity, 5.b. The correct answer is B. At the end of the passage,
but we also know this same force is given by F = we are told that a circular orbit is a special case
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GMem/r2 where Me is the mass of the Earth, m the where a which is half the length of the major axis, is
mass of the object, G the gravitational constant, the radius. (I.e., the major axis is the diameter.) In
and r the distance from the center of Earth to the other words, all the relationships given apply to
position of the object. Equating the two circular orbits as well. The comet in an elliptical
expressions gives g = GMe/r2 which is choice C. orbit has energy.
Choice D states that g = GMeRe2 at the altitude of
GM s mc
the shuttle. From above discussion we see that E1 = − . The comet in a circular orbit
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this is the value of g at the surface of the Earth,
which is 9.8 m/s2. The orbit of the shuttle ishas energy:
2a
sufficiently higher than the surface of the Earth so

GM s mc
you can no longer approximate g by 9.8 m/s2. E2 = −
3.b. Unfortunately this is a case where we have to 2r
consider all the statements given to reach the We are told in the question sterm that a = 2r:
correct answer. Statement II is certainly true. At an
altitude of 1 km, the shuttle will experience E1 GM s mc  GM s mc 
E1 : E2 = =- ÷ - 
considerable air resistance from the atmosphere. E2 2a  2r 
The air resistance acts as a frictional force which
acceleration is in the opposite direction of
1 1 1 1 1
= ÷ = ÷ = = 1: 2 displacement and initial velocity).
2a 2 r 4 r 2 r 2
Note that we are told in the question stem that the 8.b. Conservation of energy tells us that
comets have equal masses; that is why we cancel
1
mc. ‘Which comet has the higher total energy?’ mgh = mg 2 + mg (r + r cos θ) and therefore the
Surprise: the one in the elliptical orbit! this is so 2
because the values of the energy are always speed of the puck is determined by the equation
negative. That E1 is half of E2 means that the energy v 2 = 2 g[h − r (1 + cos θ)] . The track exerts a normal
of the comet in the elliptical orbit is ‘half as
force N on the puck and thus the total force in the
negative’. It is closer to zero and therefore more
radial
energetic!.
6.d. In this question we are told that not only does a
planet revolve around the Sun, but the orientation
of the orbit itself also rotates. We are asked for a
plausible explanation. Note that in questions like
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this, we are not expected to know precisely the mg
science behind it, we just need to be able to eliminate
the ones that are clearly irrelevant or even wrong.
Choice A is incorrect be cause centrifugal forces
do not cause things to rotate. Choice B is incorrect
because while it is indeed true that the gravitational
attraction of the Sun provides centripetal
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Figure 2: The weight mg of the puck has an inward
acceleration, this is what causes the planet to rotate
in a circle or an ellipse. Choice C is incorrect because
radial component given by mg cos θ . There is also
even though energy may be dissipated as a planet
moves through space, this will only cause the a tangential component given by – mg sin θ .
motion to slow down and the planets to gradually direction is given by − N − mg cos θ . Since the
spiral in towards the Sun. If the ellipse maintains its
shape and merely changes in orientation, the energy radial acceleration is −v 2 / r we have
is constant, and so this phenomenon is independent 2
−mv / r = − N − mg cos θ . Thus the track exerts a
of the dissipation of energy. Choice D provides a
feasible explanation: that the planets do not merely normal force given by N = mv 2 / r − mg cos θ .
move in an ellipse means that something else other Using our expression for v2 we find that
than the gravitational field of the Sun must be
influencing their motion. The attraction of the  2h 
N = mg  − 2 − 3cos θ 
planets among themselves is certainly a likely  r 
candidate for this additional influence. Note tht N ≥ 0 and one loses contact with the track
7.d. This is a projectile problem. You want to throw a
at the moment N vanishes. This occurs at an angle
projectile straight up from the 1st floor to the 6th
floor, and you want it to be in the air during the time θ0 given by
that the elevator is moving. First find the time the
2 h 
elevator is moving. To solve this problem, you cos θ0 = −1
must calculate the distance needed for the elevator 3  r 
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to reach its maximum velocity (5 m/s as given in the If h = r then θ0 = 90º as expected. If you release it
paragraph above the diagram). This distance is the
from the same height as the top of the loop-the-
same as the distance necessary for the elevator to
slow to a stop from maximum velocity. Use loop, h=2r, then θ0 = arccos (2/3) ≈ 48º. For the
puck to reach the top of the loop-the-loop you must
v 2 = vo2 + 2ax . This distance is the same as the
have h ≥ 5r / 2 .
distance necessary for the elevator to slow to a
9.d. Rising hoop
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stop from maximum velocity. A trip from the first to
the sixth floor is 25 m; exactly enough distance for Let θ be the angle through which the bead has
the elevator to reach maximum velocity and then fallen, and let N be the normal force from the hoop
on the bead, with inward taken to be positive. Then
slow to zero. (To find the time, use: x = ½ at 2 where
the radial F=ma equation for the bead is
x = 12.5 m, a = 1 m/s2 and t will be the time for half
the trip.) Now be sure to take the time for the whole mv 2
N + mg cos θ = (1)
trip and plug it into x = vo t + ½ at 2 where x = 25 m R
The height the bead has fallen is R − R cos θ , so
and t =10s (Note: you must use a = –10m/s2 because
conservation of energy gives
mv 2 VW' ρ w g = Fb' = M Bg (3)
= mgR(1 − cos θ) ⇒ v 2 = 2 gR(1 − cos θ) (2)
R and the volume of water displaced by the boat
Therefore, the radial F=ma equation becomes
MB
is VW =
'
2 (4)
N=
mv
− mg cos θ ρW
R The stone in the water also occupies volume thus
= 2mg (1 − cos θ) − mg cos θ (3)
= mg (2 − 3cos θ) displaces water with volume VWn = VS and
therefore the net volume of water displaced in this
By Newton’s third law, this is the force from the case (stone in water) by boat and stone is
bead on the hoop, with outward taken to be positive.
Note that this force is positive (that is, the bead MB
pulls outward on the hoop) if
VW' + VWn = + VS (5)
ρw
θ > cos −1 (2 / 3) ≈ 48.2º . To compare this with the previous case we take the
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Since there are two beads, the total upward force difference
on the hoop from the beads is
MB M M
2 N cos θ = 2mg (2 − 3cos θ) cos θ (4) VW' + VWn − VW = + VS − B = VS − S =
ρW ρw ρW
The θ that yields the maximum value of this upward  (6)
Vs ρ s ρs 
force is obtained by taking the derivative, which VS − = VS 1 − 
ρw  ρw 
gives
0=
d
dθ
(2 cos θ − 3cos 2 θ) www.aieeepage.com
where we worte mass of the stone, M S and
(5) M S = Vs ρ S . Since stone has higher mass density

= −2sin θ + 6 sin θ cos θ
Therefore, the maximum value is achieved when then water ρ S > ρW the result in negative
cos θ = 1/ 3 , in which case the upward force equals meaning that when the stone is in the boat the
displaced volume of water is larger then when
  1    1  2mg the stone is in the water.
2mg  2 − 3      = (6)
  3  3  3 11.b. Using work energy theorem
The hoop will rise up off the ground if this maximum 1 1
∫ F .ds = 2 MV
2
2 − MV12 where v2 is the final
upward force is larger than the weight of the hoop. 2
That is, if velocity of boat.
2mg m 3 boat 
→ v = 5 m/s
> mg ⇒ > (7)
3 M 2
Remark: Alternatively, we can solve for the minimum
value of m/M by setting the upward force, M=200 kg
2 mg (2 − 3cos θ) cos θ , equal to the weight of the
F=500N
hoop, Mg, and then using the quadratic formula to
solve for cos θ . A solution for cos θ exists only if
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the discriminant is positive, whichis the case only
if m/M>3/2. l1
10.b. From Archmedes principle the buoyant force is
equal to the weight of water expelled by the abject 1
⇒ 500 × 5 = × 200  v22 − 52 
floating in it. With the stone in the boat from the 2  
force balance we have (subscripts W, S, B refer to
water, stone and boat, respectively), ⇒ v2 = 50 m/s. = 7.07 m.s .
VW ρW g Fb = WB + WS = M Bg + M sg www.aieeepage.com
12.a. According to Gauss’ law.
(1) number of field lines is equal to enclosed charge q
so the volume of water displaced, VW is divided by ε 0 .
∴ for sphere of radius 2.00 cm
MB MS
VW = + (2) q = 0 ⇒ flux = 0
ρW ρW ∴ for sphere of radius 3.00 cm
With the stone in the water the force balance for
the boat gives
q = 2µc ⇒ flux = (2 ×10−6 ) (0.11 ×1012 ) = 17.c.  ∆Q   ∆Q   ∆Q 
  +  = 
5
2.2 × 10 Nm C 2 −1
 ∆ t inner  ∆ t outer  ∆ t  total
∴ for sphere of radius 4.00 cm
K1πr 2 (T2 − T1 ) K 2 π[(2r )2 − r 2 ](T2 − T1 )
q = 2 + 1 = 3µc ⇒ flux = (3 × 10 −6 ) (0.11× 1012 ) = +
l l
3.3 × 105 Nm 2C −1
∴ for sphere of radius 5.00 cm K π (2r )2 (T2 − T1 )
=
q = 2 + 1 − 3 = 0 ⇒ flux = 0 . l
v1 2.19 × 106 πr 2 (T2 − T1 )

13.c. vn = ; = m/s or ( K1 + 3 K 2 )
n n l
2.19 × 106 K π 4r 2 (T2 − T1 )

v2 = m/s =
2 l
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v2 K1 + 3K 2
∴ K=
Number of revolutions made in 1s = 2πr 4
2
18.a. [gT 2 ] = MLT −2T 2 = ML ≠ [4πr 2 ]
2.19 × 106
= 8 × 106 2 2
2 × 2 π × 4 × 5.3 × 10−11 4 2 2 −3 [Force] [distance] ⋅ L
 3 πρ G r  = [ρ G r ] = ML 2
  [Mass]
14.a. When the springs at their rest length, just as the
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man touches the ground, the net force is mg. The
spring force kx increases until it equals mg. At this =
ML -3
MLT -2
⋅ L4 = L2 T –2 ≠ [g]
moment the net force is zero, but the man has a M2
maximum downward velocity. Now kx increases to [gr 2 ] = LT −2 L2 = L3T −2
greater than mg and the acceleration of the man
increases from zero in the opposite direction until [Force] [distance]2
the springs are at maximum compression. Also, [Gm]= =
[mass]
15.c. Use conservation of energy and of momentum.
There is no initial kinetic energy, just potential. MLT −2 2
⋅ L = L3T −2 = [ gr 2 ]
1 1 M
M 1v12 + M 2 v22
M 2 gR =
2 2 2 2 –2
4  [ρ G r ] L T
Conservation of momentum involves only the 3 πρ G r  = = = LT −2 = [ g ] .
motion in one dimension, so   [r ] L
0 = M1v1 + M 2 v2 19.a. When the distance between the screen and object
is greater than four times the focal length there are
These are two equations in two unknowns.
two positions of the lens when it forms real images
Eliminate v1 between them to get
of the object on the screen. There positions are
2 conjugate and the product of the magnifications =
1 M v  1
M 2 gR = M1  2 2  + M 2 v22 1
2  M 1  2
If d is the size of object and d1 and d2 the sizes of
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images, then
1  M 22 
=  + M 2  v22 d = d1d 2
2  M1 

∴ distance d (distance between virtual sources)
1 M 2 (M 2 + M1 ) 2
= v2 d = 4.05 × 10 −3 × 2.9 × 10 −3
2 M1
This then gives λ⋅D 5893 × 10−3 × 1
v2 =
2 gRM 1
and v1 = M 2
2 gR www.aieeepage.com β=
d
=
4.05 ×10−3 × 2.9 ×10−3
M1 + M 2 M1 (M1 + M 2 ) = 1.72 ×10−4 m .
16.b. As v > EB, so force on electron due to electric field 20.c. Usually a medium has only one frequency for a
is greater than that due to magnetic field. Due to given harmonic. The difference in this case is that
which the electron will not reach to the undeflected by increasing the frequency, we are increasing the
spot on screen but gets deviated in the direction tension in the string and, in effect, actually altering
opposite to that of electric field and meets the screen the medium. From v = sqrt(T / µ ) we know that
to a spot below the undeflected position.
increasing the tension in the string increases the 23.c. Let Tc be the temperature of point C in the steady
velocity of the wave. From v = f λ we know that state. As TB > TA, therefore, heat flows from B to A
directly as well as through C. In the steady state,
frequency and velocity are proportional to each
Rate of heat flow in BC = Rate of heat flow in CA
other. From question #705 ( L = nv / 4 f ) we see
that velocity is proportional to string length, while KA( 2T − TC ) KA(TC − T )
=
frequency is inversely proportional. Thus, as BC CA
velocity increases, frequency increases by the same
If AB = BC = l , CA = 2 l
proportion resulting in the same string length at
any velocity and frequency. (Since the string is 2T − TC TC − T
not perfectly elastic, there is a shortening of the ∴ =
l 2l
wavelength that complicates calculations.) In this
particularly odd situation, we can achieve
or TC − T = 2T − 2 TC
resonance for any harmonic at any frequency on
the same string. Note: It is a very good idea to try or TC ( 2 + 1) = 3T
this experiment at home. A long string of beads or
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a telephone cord work particularly well. Try to 3T
TC = .
establish different harmonics and then change the 2 +1
frequency.
[charge]2 1
21.a. − do −∂  ke 2  − ke 2 24.a. [ ε] = 2
⋅ = Q 2 L−2 [Force]–1
F= =  = 2 = [distance] [force]
dA dr  3r 3  r
www.aieeepage.com[mass]
[force] [distance]2
2 2 2 [G ] = = M −2 L2 [Force]
mv mv ke 2
− = KE = 2
r 2 2r [force]
[V ] = ⋅ [distance] = Q −1L1 [Force]
1 2 ke 2 [charge]
KE = mv = 3 ;
2 2r [ R] =
[power]
=
[force] [velocity]
= Q −2 L1T 1 [Force]
[current]2 [charge]2 [Time]−2
n2h2 ke 2 4π2 ke2 m
= ; r =  1 
4π2 ⋅ 2mr 2r 3 n2h2 −1 1
Clearly, [εR] = L T =  velocity 
 
1 ke2 1 ke 2
∴ TE = ⋅ 3 = ⋅ (n h )
2 2 3
⇒ [velocity] = ε −1 R −1
( )
3
6 r 6 4π2 RC 2 m
[V 2 ε] = [force]
6
∴TE α n . [εV] = Q1L1 ≠ [dipole moment]
m3
angular displacement is dimensionless
22.a. In a concavo convex lens, centres of curvature of
both the surfaces lie on the same side. Therefore, ∴ [angular displacement] = ε 0 R 0 G 0 V 0
R1 and R2 have same sign (both + or both negative). 25.c. Before collision, the mirror is at rest, let object is at
Therefore, focal length shall not depend on a distance x from the mirror and image is at a distance
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direction from which light is incident. y from mirror.
1  1 1  As, y = x
As f = (µ − 1)  R − R 
 1 2  dy dx
=
dt dt
1  1 1  µ −1 r
= (µ − 1)  − =
f  − R 2 R  −2 R = − u (as x is decreasing)
After collision object stops and mirror starts moving
f =
2R
µ −1
(in magnitude) www.aieeepage.com with u rightwards.
Let from the object at any time mirror is at a distance
x and image is at a distance y.
From reflection at mirror,
y = 2x
C2 C1 P1 P2 dy dx
⇒ =2
dt dt
r
= 2 u (as x increasing)
26.c. Of course the hot air balloon also follows the II) False
buoyant force equation:
( K .E.) max = hv − hv0 ⇒ ( K .E.) max = ∞ V
ρoutsideairVg = ρair inballoonVg . The volumes are
equal at all altitudes, so the density will decide Thus maximum kinetic energy is proportional to
whether or not the balloon rises. Since the bottom frequency and not Intensity.
of the balloon is open to the outside atmosphre, 30.a. x = angle at which ray of light leaves the plate
the pressures are equal at all altitudes. From
PV = nRT , we know that increasing temperature n 
∴ n0 sin α = n3 sin x ⇒ x = sin −1  0 sin α 
at constant volume and pressure requires reducing  n3 
the number of moles, and thus reducing the Thus x depends on angle of incidence and refractive
dentisty, raising the balloon. indices of the media on both sides of the plate.
27.d. After one month the original material is still almost
At any point in the plate, n sin θ = constant = n0
all there, but there is now some of the second
sin α .
element present, so it contributes to the number of
∴ When n=n0 sin α , θ = 90º ⇒ T.I.R.inside the
decays per time also. The activity is now higher
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than at the start. One month is a lot longer that two plate.
days, so by now on average as much of the second 31.a. Since hydrogen and oxygen are both diatomic the
element is decaying per time as is created per time. adiabatic exponent of the mixture formed by their
It has come to an equilibrium. On average for every masses in any ratio is also equal to that of a diatomic
decay of the first element there will be one of the 7
second. Ther are then about 20,000 decays per gas i.e., .
5
second.
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The one month interval is a lot less than the five
C =
year half-life of the third element so not much of it
R
=
γ −1 7
R
v =
5R
2
has decayed and it doesn’t contribute much to the −1
5
activity.
When they combine chemically a triatomic gas (H2o)
100 years however is a lot longer than five years.
is formed.
At this time there are about as many decays per
time of element #3 as of element #2, which in turn γ = 4 / 3 m.
has about as many as #1. The total activity is then
R
about 30,000 decays per second. Cv´ = = 3R Cv 5R 5
4 ; ∴ = =
28.a. e = 0, when conductor moves along its length. In −1 Cv´ 2 × 3R 6
(c) and (d), conductor moves at right angle to its 3
length and B is perpendicular to that, therefore, e =
5
B λ v. ∴ n=
6
uur
r dl 32.a. To conserve momentum in a system of colliding
29.a. I). τ = uur objects, all unbalanced forces must act only
dt between objects in the system. No outside forces
r must affect the objects. In a system isolated in this
Since τ=0 manner, an object’s momentum will change only
ur because of collisions with other objects, which will
∴ L = constt M gain or lose momentum with respect to each other.
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R The overall system momentum will stay constant,
however.
33.a. (I) True
∴ l1 w1 = l2 w2 When conducting rod AB moves parallel to x-axis
1 in a uniform magnetic field pointing in the positive
l1 = MR 2 w1 = w
2 z-direction, then according to Fleming’s left hand
1 1 M 2  4 +1 5
l2 = MR 2 + R =  MR = MR
2 2
rule, the electrons will suffer a force towards B.
2
w2 = ?
2 4  8 
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8
(II) False
Hence the end A will become positive.
1
MR 2 × w
w2 =
l1 w1 2
= =
8 4
w= w
When the angular displacement is 20º. the mass is
l2 5 2 2 × 5 5 at an extreme end
MR
8
mv 2
T − mg cos θ =
r
At extreme end v = θ ∴ T − mg cos θ
 64 
E1 − E2  2 −8
× 100 =   × 100 = 75%
θ E1
πT  32 
 
37.a. Let r be the radius of ball. Since the block is large
final temperature is 0ºC. If ρ is the density of ball
θ π and s its specific heat then the heat lost by iron ball
π
π
mg sin θ mg mg cos θ
4 3
= πr ρsθ
3
34.c. (I) True
3 2
V2 = VX Heat absorbed by ice = = π r ρ´× L
3
Vy
V1 Where ρ´ is the density of ice
1
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2 3 4
Vx Vx π r ρ´L = π r 3ρ s θ
V 1
Y
3 3
V3
V1 = Vx + Vy > Vx ρ´L
θ=
2 2
V5 = Vx + Vy > Vx
2 2
2ρ s
38.d. The density of the plasma generated from the
As shown in the figure, the velocity at 1 and 3 i.e., at mercury vapor is very low, around 1015 charged
any arbitrarty points before and after the topmost
point is greater then vx. www.aieeepage.com particles per cubic meter. As a result, the extremely
high temperature of the plasma is balanced by an
extremely low heat capacity. Very little of the energy
(II) True from the disassociated electrons and ions in the
plasma is given off as heat.
Speed of sound waves in water is greater than in air. 39.a. (I) True
35.d. (I) False For the light to split, the material should have
If the sound reaches the observer after being reflected refractive index greater that 1 through which the
from a stationary surface and the medium is also light passes.
stationary, the image of the source will become the Since the prism is hollow, we get no spectrum.
source of reflected sound. Thus in both the cases, (II) False
one sound coming directly from the source and the Total energy of the ring =
other coming after reflection will have the apparent (K.E.)Rotation + (K.E.) Translational
frequency (Since velocity of source w.r.t. observer is
same in both the cases). Therefore no beats will be 1 2 1
= l ω + mVC2
heard. 2 2
(II) False 1 1
= × mr 2 w2 + m(rw) 2 Q l = mr 2
2 2
The electrons in a conductor are free and have
VC = rw
thermal velocities. Thus electrons will be in motion
even in the absence of potential difference. Total K. Energy of the cylinder
PAGE
36.d. R = radius of bigger sphere = (K.E.)Rotational + (K.E.) Translational
4 4
∴ π R 3 = 8 π R 3 ⇒ R = 2r 1 1
3 3 = l ' ω2 + MVC2
2 2
E 1 = Electrical energy of the bigger sphere
11  1
2 =  Mr 2  w' 2 + M (rw ') 2
 8Q 
9 22  2
= (4.5 × 10 )   3
 R  = Mr 2 w '2
www.aieeepage.com
....(1)
E2 = Electrical energy of eight smaller spheres 4
Q2 3
Equating (i) and (ii) mr w =
2 2
= (4.5 ×109 ) (8) Mr 2 w2
R 4
Percentage of electrical energy that has been ⇒ w' 2 4m 4 0.3
converted to the other forms of energy is = = × =1
w2 3M 3 0.4
⇒ w ' = w.
⇒ Both will reach at the same time.
The statement is False.
40.b. (I) False.
When water is heated at end x, the density decreases (∆m) (L) (18 ×103 ) (3.4 ×105 )
∆S= = = 1km
and the water moves up. This is comparated by the (µ) (m) (g) (0.06) (10.2) (10)
movement of water from y to x i.e., in clockwise 43.c. When a wave pulse strikes the boundary between
direction. two strings, part of the pulse is transmitted along
the heavy string at velocity v2. Since the second
string is denser, however, most of the pulse is
reflected back of velocity v1. The light string exerts
an upward force at the boundary, causing an
upright transmitted pulse, while the heavy string
.... a downward force, causing an inverted reflected
X Y
pulse.
44.c. For simplicity, assume that the balls are separated
by a very small distance, so that the relevant
bounces happen a short time apart. This
(II) True
PAGE
assumption isn’t necessary, but it makes for a
The statement is True. The metallic sphere which slightly cleaner solution.
gets negatively charged gains electrons and hence Just before the basketball hits the ground, both
its mass increases. balls are moving downward with speed (using mv2/
The metallic sphere which gets positively charged 2=mgh)
loses electrons and hence its mass decreases.
41.a. By Anpere’s law v = 2 gh (1)
Just after the basketball bounces off the ground, it
φ B ⋅ dr = µ0 I = B(2π R2 ) = µ0 I
www.aieeepage.com moves upward with speed v, while the tennis ball
still moves downward with speed v. The relative
dB  µ0  1  dI 
=    speed is still 2v. (This is clear if you look at things
dt  2π  R2  dt  in the frame of the basketball, which is essentially a
brick wall.) Since the upward speed of the
dφ dB basketball essentially stays equal to v, the upward
φE ⋅ dr = = − AN 2
dt dt speed of the tennis ball is 2v+v=3v. By conservation
of energy, it will therefore rise to a height of H=d +
(3v)2/(2g). But v2 = 2gh, so we have
h = d + 9h.
45.c. Gyromagnetic ratio
magnetic moment q
R1 = angular momentum = 2m
Magnetic moment
R2
q  2  q
 m R 2  ω= R 2 ω .
2m  3  3
46.d. Reflected sound from the wall approaches the
N 2µ0 1  dI 
E (2π R2 ) = − ( π R22 ) ⋅   observer with velocity u.
2π R2  dt  ⇒ Both source and observer approach each
PAGE
other with velocity u.
µ0 N 2  dI 
E=    v+u 
4π  dt  ∴ Apparent frequency = f  .
 v−u 
= 10 −7 × 5 × 0.2 47.c. The passage says that each wave form represents
the same note, and that a note is the same set of
= 10 −7 volt/metre
harmonics. This means that A, B and D are not
42.d.
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18gm of water arises from the melting of an
equivalent amount of ice ( ∆ m) due to the friction
48.b.
true.
The wave form shown is a combination of all the
between the blocks. harmonics for that note. The first harmonic would
Q = amount of heat required = ( ∆ m) L have the same wavelength, and thus the same
W = amount of work done frequency and perid.
=f ∆S first harmonic second harmonic
= ( µ mg) ( ∆ S) [Q m=10.2kg>> ∆ m] Flute
∴ Q=W
49.a. From the equation L = nλ / 2 where n= 1, 2, 3, ....
for each harmonic, we see that the second harmonic
has half the wavelength of the first, so the period is
half as long. From question #967 we know that the
period of the note is the same as the period of the
first harmonic. It is the sum of these harmonics
that gives the wave its irregular shape. For the
oboe, the ratio of the amplitudes is different, so the
oboe sound wave has a different shape. This is the
difference that the ear perceives when we hear the
same note on different instruments.
50.b. From the equation L = nλ / 2 where n = 1, 2, 3, ...
for each harmonic, we see that the third harmonic
has one third the wavelength of the first, so the
period is one third as long. From question #967 we
PAGE
know that the period of the note is the same as the
period of the first harmonic.
www.aieeepage.com
PAGE
www.aieeepage.com
Paper - I I : Mathematics - 51 to 100
Solutions
51.b. ∴− 1 ≤ x + [ x ] ≤ 1 clearly x ∈ [0,1)

−3 ± 9 − 4(1 − e y )
⇒x=
52.a. f ( x ) = 2 cos 2 x + 3 sin 2 x + 1 = 2
 π  π −3 + 5 + 4e x
2sin  2 x +  + 2 or 2 cos  2 x +  + 2 ∴ f −1 ( x ) =
 6  3
2
Let X=domain of f = [−π 3, π 6] or 56.c. z3 + 2z 2 + 2z + 1 = 0
[π 6, 2π 3] & Y = Range of f = [0, 4] ⇒ ( z + 1) ( z 2 + z + 1) = 0
∴ f : x → y is both one-one & onto. ⇒ z = −1, ω, ω2 are the roots of (1)
PAGE
∴ f −1 ( x) exist & f −1 : y − x Again when z = −1, z1985 + z100 + 1
1  −1  x − 2  π  1  −1 x − 2 π  = (−1)1985 + (−1)100 + 1
is  sin   −  or  cos − 
2  2  6 2 2 3
= −1 + 1 + 1 = 1 ≠ 0
x +12
1 When z = ω, z1985 + z100 + 1
= 1− 2
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53.c. , also
x +2
2
x +2 = ω1985 + ω100 + 1
2 ≤ x 2 + 2 < ∞∀x ∈ R = (ω3 )661 ω2 + (ω3 )33 . ω + 1
1 1 = ω2 + ω + 1
⇒ ≥ 2 >0
2 x +2 =0 [Qω3 = 1]
1 1 z = ω2 , z1985 + z100 + 1
⇒− ≤ − <0 When
2 x +2
2
= (ω2 )1985 + (ω2 )100 + 1

1 1 1 x +1 2
1− ≤ 1− 2 <1; ≤ <1 = ω3970 + ω200 + 1
2 x +2 2 x2 + 2
= ω + ω2 + 1 = 0
−1  x + 1 
2
Hence common roots are ω, ω2
∴ Range of sin  x 2 + 2  is [π 6, π 2)
  ∴ (c) is correct
54.a. x < 1, f ( x) = x identity mapping ∴ f −1 ( x) = x 57.a. 3 cos x − sin x ≥ 2
3 1
⇒ cos x − sin x ≥ 2
1 ≤ x ≤ 4, f ( x) = x 2 , let y = x 2 ⇒ y=x 2 2
PAGE
∴ f −1 ( x ) = x π  π π π π
⇒ cos  + x  ≥ cos ; ⇒ ≤ +x≤
6  4 4 6 4
y2 5π π ∴ x ∈ 0, π 
x > 4, f ( x ) = 8 x , let y = 8 x ⇒ =x ⇒ ≤x≤ ;  12 
64 12 12  
and in general
x2
−1
∴ f ( x) =
64 www.aieeepage.comπ π
2nπ − ≤ + x ≤ 2nπ +
π
4 6 4
55.b. Given g :[1,3] → Y ,
5π π
here Y = [log e 5, log e 19] (range) ⇒ 2nπ − ≤ x ≤ 2 nπ + and for n = 1
12 12
Let y=log e ( x 2 + 3 x + 1) ⇒ e y = x 2 + 3 x + 1 19π 25π 19π
≤x≤ ; ⇒ ≤ x ≤ 2π
12 12 12
⇒ x 2 + 3 x + (1 − e y ) = 0
 19π  Σ sin 2 A a
∴x∈  , 2π  =
 12  Σ sin 2 A
60.c. Every element of A can have image in B in 3 ways.
 π  19π 
∴ x ∈ 0,  ∪  , 2π  So, the total number of ways in which 3 elements of
 12   12  A can have images in B = maximum number of
58.b. 1 – (probability of not selecting the right number in definitions of f = 3 × 3 × 3 . The number of ways
the two trials)
of arranging 1, 2, 3 in places of a, b, c is 3!= the
 9  8 maximum number of definitions of one-one function
= 1−   ×   . g.
 10   9 
(choose all 9 incorrect out of the total ten available 61.c. log10 x + log10 y ≥ 2
9 ⇒ log10 xy ≥ 2 ⇒ xy ≥ 100
= and choose all 8 incorrect out of 9 available
10 2 2
Now ( x + y ) = ( x − y ) + 4 xy
PAGE
8
in the second trial = . ≥ ( x − y )2 + 400 ≥ 400
9
∴ the smallest possible value of x+y=20.
59.a. If S is the circumcentre of the ∆ , let AS meet BC at
D. [Q x > 0, y > 0]
BD Area of ∆ABD 62.a. The equation of any tangent to y 2 = 4( x + 1) is
Then DC = Area of ∆ADC
1
A
=
Area of ∆SBD www.aieeepage.com y = m( x + 1) +
m
using the formula
Area of ∆SDC a
S
y = mx + ...(1)
Area of ∆ABS m
= and the equation of any tangent to
B C Area of ∆ASC
D
(by ratio and proportion rule) y 2 = 8( x + 2) is
1 2 2
R sin ∠ ASB y = m '( x + 2) + ...(2)
m'
= 2 =
sin 2C
1 2 Since (1) and (2) are at right angles
R sin ∠ ASC sin 2 B
2
−1
mm´= −1 ∴ m´=
m
Hence, the position vector of point
The equation of the second tangent, now is
(sin 2C ) c + (sin 2 B ) b −1
D= ...(1) y= ( x + 2) − 2 m ...(3)
sin 2C + sin 2 B m
The equation to the locus of the point of
AS Area of ∆ BSA
Similarly, SD = Area of ∆ BDS intersection is found by eliminating m, between (1)
and (3).
PAGE
Subtracting (3) from (1).
Area of ∆ ASC
=
Area of ∆ CSD Area of ∆ BSA mx +
x 2 1
+ m + + + 2m = 0
m m m
+ area of ∆ ASC + area of ∆ CSD
=
Area of ∆ BDS  1  1
x  m +  + 3 m +  = 0
 m   m 
(by ratio and proportion rule)
www.aieeepage.com
sin 2C + sin 2 B ∴ x+3= 0
= ...(2) 63.b. Since t = 200 (given)
sin 2 A 4
Hence, by section formula P.V. of S 3

 1   1 
3
6  log x +1   x 12  = 200
 (sin 2C ) c + (sin 2 B ) b  ∴ C3 x
 
(sin 2C + sin 2 B)      
 sin 2C + sin 2 B     
+(sin 2 A) a 3 1
=− ⇒ 20 x 2(1+ log x )
x 4 = 200
(sin 2C + sin 2 B ) + sin 2 A
 3 1
The given relation is not a function as according to
 +  VPL Test, if we draw a Vertical Parallel Line it
⇒ x  2(1+ log x ) 4  =10 intersects the curve at two real and distinct points
taking log to base 10 on both sides, we have i.e., for one value of x we have two different values
of x, which is against the definition of function.
 3 1
 +  log10 x = log10 10 66.b. Let a be the first term. ∴ first (2n+1) terms are in
 2(1 + log x) 4  A.P. with common difference =2
6 + (1 + log x) T2 n +1 = a + 2nd = a + 4n
⇒ log10 x = 1
4(1 + log x) 1
Last (2n+1) terms are in G.P. with common ratio =
2
⇒ 6log10 x + log10 x + (log10 x) 2 = 4 + 4 log10 x
∴ its first term = a + 4n = A (say)
2
⇒ (log10 x) + 3(log10 x) − 4 = 0 Middle term of A.P. = Tn +1 = a + nd
= a + 2n
⇒ (log10 x) 2 + 4 (log10 x) − (log10 x) − 4 = 0
Middle term of G.P. = Ar n
PAGE
(log10 x − 1) (log10 x + 4) = 0
n
1
log10 x − 1 = 0 log10 x + 4 = 0 = (a + an)  
2
x = 101 x = 10−4
1
64.a. Focus of x2 = 4by is at (0, b) and the equation of the ∴ a + 2 n = ( a + 4n ) ⋅
directrix is y = –b 2n
Hence, the equation of the circle is
2 2
x + ( y − b) = (2b) 2 2 www.aieeepage.com
2 2
or x + y − 2by − 3b = 0
a + 4n 2
a + 2n
=
1
n
This meets the parabola x2 = 4by at the point given

by a + 4n 2n
= n
a + 4n − a − 2n 2 − 1
y 2 + 2by − 3b 2 = 0
i.e., ( y + 3b) ( y − b) = 0 a + 4n 2n
⇒ = n
y = b is the only solution as y is positive.
2n 2 −1
When y = b, x 2 = 4b2 or x = ±2b n ⋅ 2n +1

⇒ a + 4n =
2n − 1
∴ the point of intersection is (±2b, b) .
∴ middle term of the sequence = T2 n +1
65.a. The equation x 2 + y 2 = 25 represents a circle with
n ⋅ 2n +1
4 2 = a + 4n = .
centre (0, 0) and radius 5 and the equation y = x 2n − 1
9
represents a parabola with vertex (0, 0) and focus 67.b. 9( x − 3)2 + 16( y − 4)2 = 144
(0, 5).
( x − 3) 2 ( y − 4) 2
Hence R ∩ R ' is the set of points indicated in the + =1
figure by shaded portion, such that 42 32
PAGE
Shifting the origin to (3, 4), equation becomes
R ∩ R ' = {( x, y ): − 3 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 5}
Thus, dom R ∩ R ' = [−3,3] x2 y2
+ =1 ... (1)
42 32
and range R ∩ R ' = [0,5] ∪ [0, 4] = [0, 5]
If ACX = θ , then
(0,5) A = (CAcosθ,CAsinθ) and
www.aieeepage.com
(-3,4) (3,4)
B = (CB cos (90+θ), CBsin(90+θ))
= (-CB sinθ, CBcosθ)
B A
(-3,0) (3,0)
X
C
Test Line
Since (CA cos θ, CA sin θ) satisfies the equation ∴ RHL = lim f (1 + h) = lim(1 + h) = 1
h →0 h →0
(1) of the ellipse
Since LHL = RHL
CA 2 cos 2θ CA 2 sin 2 θ
+ =1 ∴ the ,imit of f ( x ) as x → 1 exists.
16 9
π
1 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 69.b. sin −1 y − sin −1 x =
∴ = + ...(2) 3
CA 2 16 9
π  π  π
⇒  − cos −1 y  −  − cos −1 x  =
1sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 2  2  3
Similarly = + ...(3)
CB2 16 9
π
1 1
1 1 25 ⇒ cos −1 x − cos −1 y = ...(1)
Hence + = + = 3
CA 2 CB2 16 9 144
π
cos −1 x + cos −1 y = ...(2)
 x 4 x 2 < 1 3
PAGE
68.d. f ( x) = 
2
 x x ≥ 1 −1 π π 1
Hence, cos x = ; ⇒ x = cos =
3 3 2
 x 4 x <1
⇒ f ( x) =  and cos −1 y = 0 ; x − y = cos 0 = 1
 x x ≥ 1
1 
⇒ ( x, y ) =  ,1
 x 4 −1 < x < 1
⇒ f ( x) = 
 x x ≤ −1 or x ≥ 1
www.aieeepage.com 2 
Hence, only one pair.
70.a. Since distance covered by a particle at any time t is
 x x ≤ −1
 t4
⇒ f ( x) =  x 4 − 1 < x < 1 S= − 2t 3 + 4t 2 + 7
4
 x x ≥1
 Case 1: Extreme Distance
Case1: at x = –1 dS dS
= t 3 − 6t 2 + 8t ; ⇒ = t (t − 2) (t − 4)
LHL = xlim f ( x) dt dt
→−1
Distance covered will be maximum or minimum if
Let x = –1–h (h>0)
dS
As x → −1 ⇒ h → 0 =0
dt
∴ LHL = lim f (−1 − h) = lim(−1 − h) = −1 ⇒ t (t − 2) (t − 4) = 0
h →0 h →0
i.e., t = 0, 2, 4
and RHL = xlim
→−1
f ( x)
d 2S
Let x = −1 + h (h > 0) Now, 2
= 3t 2 − 12t + 8
dt
As x → −1+ ⇒ h → 0
d 2S
> 0 for t = 0, 4, and
PAGE
4
∴ RHL = lim f (−1 + h) = lim(−1 + h) = 1 dt 2
h →0 h →0
Since LHL ≠ RHL d 2S

> 0 for t = 2
∴ the limit of f ( x ) as x → −1 does not exist. dt 2
Case 2: at x = 1 ∴ distance is minimum at t = 0, 4
Option (III)
LHL = lim f ( x)
x →−1 Case II : Extreme Velocity
Let x = −1 + h (h > 0) www.aieeepage.comdS Now, velocity of the particle is given by
+
As x → −1 ⇒ h → 0 v=
dt
∴ LHL = lim f (1 − h) = lim (1 − h) 4 = 1
h→0 h→0 dv
⇒ = 3t 2 − 12t + 8
dt
Also, RHL = hlim
→0
f ( x)
Velocity of the particle is maximum / minimum if
Let x = 1 + h (h > 0)
As x → 1+ ⇒ h → 0
dv Y
=0
dt Y´ X´
⇒ 3t 2 − 12t + 8 = 0
12 ± 144 − 96 6 ± 2 3 X
⇒ t= = O
6 3 r r
i+ j
2
d v (6 + 2 3) and OY´ =
Now, 2
> 0 at t = 2
dt 3 r
Then the component of a in the direction of OX´
d 2v (6 − 2 3) r r
and 2
< 0 at t = r r r i+ j x+ y
dt 3
= ( x i + y j + z k ) ⋅   =
(6 − 2 3)  2  2
∴ Velocity is maximum if t = r
PAGE
3 and the component of a in the direction of OY´
Option (I) r r
CaseIII: Extreme Acceleration r r r  j +i  y− x
Let a is the acceleration of the particle, such that = ( x i + y j + z k ) ⋅   =
 2  2
dv d 2 S
a= = 2
dt dt x+ y y−x
Given = 2 2 and =3 2
⇒
da
dt
= 6t − 12 www.aieeepage.com
y + x = 4
2 2
 x = −1 and y = 5
Acceleration of the particle is minimum or maximum y − x = 6
if r
Hence a in the first system = (–1, 5, 4)
da
=0 73.b. For the family of curves represented by the first
dt differential equation, the slope of the tangent at
⇒ t=2 any point (x, y) is given by
d 2a  dy  x2 + x + 1
Now, > 0 throughout  dx  =
dt 2  C1 y 2 + y + 1
∴ Acceleration is minimum if t = 2 For the family of curves represented by the second
Option (II) differential equation, the slope of the tangent at
71.b. Clearly a = ( x + 2)! ; b = x P11 any point is given by
c = ( x − 11)!  dy  y2 + y +1
 dx  = 2
Since a = 182 bc  C2 x + x + 1
x!
∴ ( x + 2)! = 182. ⋅ ( x − 11)!  dy   dy 
( x − 11)! Since,  dx  ×  dx  = − 1
 C1  C2
PAGE
⇒ ( x + 2) ( x + 1) x ! = 182 x ! Hence, the two curves are orthogonal.
⇒ 2
x + 3 x + 2 = 182 74.b. x>2
2 1 x
⇒ x + 3 x − 180 = 0
⇒ ( x + 15) ( x − 12) = 0 ⇒ x = 12. ∫
0
∫
⇒ f ( x) = (6 − †) dt + (4 + †) dt
1
72.d.
[Q x cannot be –ve]
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Since the coordinate system oxyz is rotated about = 1 + 4x +
x 2
2
π r
oz through an angle , the z component of a is x ≤ 2 ⇒ f ( x) = 5 x + 1
4
− +
not altered. At x = 2. f (2) = f (2 ) = f (2 ) = 11
r r r r
Let a = x i + y j + z k in the first system. ⇒ f ( x) is continuous of x = 2
r r
πr πr i+ j f (2 − h) − f (2)
OX´ = cos i + sin j = LHD = Lt
4 4 2 h →0 −2
5(2 − h) + 1 − 11   a/b  a/b
= =5 x    x 
−h 
= exp. log  1/ 2  = 
  y    y1/ 2 
f (2 + h) − f (2)  
RHD = Lt
h →0 h a/c
a  y   y 
and exp. log  1/ 2 = 
(2 + h)2 c x   x1/ b 
+ 4(2 + h) + 1 − 11
= Lt 2
a
h →0 h  a/b a/c 
x   y 
∴ B =  1/ c  +  1/ b  
h (2 + 4)  y  x  
= Lt =6.  
h →0 h
a −r r
LHD ≠ RHD  x  a / b   y  a / c 
Tr +1 = Cr  1/ c  
a
 1/ b  
i.e., f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 2.  y    x  
 
PAGE
75.d. Let the source of light be situated at A(a,0,0), where
a ≠ 0. Let OA be the incident ray and OB the
reflected ray. ON is the normal to the mirror at O. a  a 
( a − r )  r
a b  bc 
Cr x
N =
1,-1,1 a a
( a − r )  r
A(a,0,0) B bc c
y
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If powers of x and y are same, then
>
n
— —
lm
2 2 a a a a
(a − r ) − r = − (a − r ) + r
<
b bc bc c
0(0,0,0)
a (c − 1)
∴ r= .
b+c+2
θ
∴ ∠AON = ∠NOB =
2  1   1 
77.c. f ( x) = 1 + n  1 + 
D.R.´s of OA are (a, 0, 0) and so D.C.´s are (1, 0, 0)  sin x   cos n x 
 1 1 1 
Similarly, D.C.´s of ON are  ,− ,  1 1 1
 3 3 3 = 1+ n
+ n
+
sin x cos x sin x cos n x
n
θ 1
∴ cos = 1
2 3 ∴ f ´( x) = − 2n
⋅ n sin n −1 x cos x
Let l, m, n be the D.C.´s of the reflected ray OB. sin x
Then, 1
+ ⋅ n cos n −1 x sin x
l +1 1 m+0 1 cos 2 n x
= , = and
2 cos θ / 2 3 2 cos θ / 2 3 −
1
n(sin n −1 x cos n +1 x − sin n +1 x cos n + 2 x )
PAGE
2n
n+0 1 sin x cos 2 n x
=
2 cos θ / 2 3
=
sin n +1
n
x cos n +1
x
(sin n+2
x − cos n + 2 x )
2 −2 2
⇒ l = − 1, m = ,n=
3 3 3 n
+ n +1
(sin 2 x − cos 2 x) ...(1)
1 2 2 sin x cos n +1 x
⇒ l=− ,m=− ,n=
3 3 3
Hence, D.C.´s of the reflected ray are www.aieeepage.com π
∴ f ( x) = 0 ⇒ sin x = cos x ⇒ x = .
4
 1 2 2
− 3 ,− 3 , 3  π
  At x = , f ´( x ) changes sign from negative to
4
positive
a  x 
76.c. exp.  log  1/ 2   π
 b  y   (Q For x < , sin x < cos x and
4
π k +1
for x > , sin x > cos x ) k +2
4 ⇒ ( k + 1)! <  
 2 
π
Hence at x = f ( x ) is minimum. ∴ Statement is also true for n = k + 1.
4 Hence by Principle of mathematical Induction given
2 is true, ∀n > 1 .
 n 

The minimum value is  1 + 2 2 
dy
 . 79.c. = cot x cot y
  dx
78.b. I) False ⇒ tan y dy = cot x dx
Given that, x * y = x − y + 2 is rational. ⇒ log (C sec y ) = log sin x
Consider x = 2 2 , y = 2 where C is a suitable constant.
⇒ C s e c y = s in x
then x * y = 2 2 − 2 + 2 = 3 2 (irrational)
PAGE
π π
y = w hen x =
y * x = 2 − 2 2 + 2 = 0 (rational) 4 4
1
∴ x *y ≠ y*x ⇒ C 2 =
2
Hence * is not symm ⇒ * is not equivalence
relation. 1
II) True i.e. C =
2
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The given inequality can be written as
∴ 2sin x = sec y
n
 n +1
( n !) <   for n > 1. 80.c. I) True
 2 
Let us use mathematical induction to check the A , B, C are three unit vectors s.t.
validity of given inequality.
A. B = A. C = 0
2
3 9
For n = 2, we have 2! <   = which is true and angle between B and C is π / 6 .
 
2 4
∴ Inequality is valid for n = 2. Now eq. (1) shows that A is perpendicular to both
k
 k +1 B and C
Let it be valid for n = k then k ! <   ....(1)
 2 
B × C A ⇒ B × C = λ A where λ is any scalar.
k
 k +1 
Consider (k + 1)! = (k + 1)k ! < (k + 1)  
 2  ⇒ B× C = λ A
Using (1)
Now we will try to check ⇒ cos π / 3 = ±λ
k k +1 (as π / 3 is the ∠ between B & C )
 k +1   k + 2 
(k + 1)   <  ..........(2) ⇒ λ = ±1 / 2
 2   2 
PAGE
Which is equivalent ot write 1
⇒ B × C = ± A ⇒ A = ±2 ( B × C )
k +1 2
k +2 ∴ Given statement is true.
2<  ...........(3)
 k +1  II) True
k +1 k +1 z1 = x1 + iy1 then give that
k +2  1 
Now,   = 1 + 
 k +1   k +1  z 2 = x2 + iy 2 z1 ∩ z 2 ⇒ x1 ≤ x2 & y1 ≤ y 2
= 1 + (k + 1)
1
+
(k + 1)k  1 
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2 Let z = x + iy
  + ... then 1 ∩ z ⇒ 1 < x & 0 < y (by def.)
k +1 2 !  k +1 
Consider
(Using Binomial expansion)
k +1 1 − z 1 − ( x + iy )
k +2 = =
∴   >2 1 + z 1 + ( x + iy )
 k +1 
(1 − x) − iy (1 + x) − iy
⇒ (3) holds and hence (2) holds ×
(1 + x) + iy (1 + x) − iy
A(Z1 ) 2a
f ( x)
Let l= ∫0
f ( x ) + f ( 2a − x )
dx ....(1)
O
2a
f ( 2a − x )
= ∫ dx
B(Z2 ) C(Z3 )
f (2a − x) + f [2a − (2a − x)]

0
1− x2 iy (1 − x + 1 + x)
= − a a
(1 + x 2 ) + y 2 (1 + x) 2 + y 2
1− x2 2iy
[Using ∫
0
f ( x )dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx ]
0
= 2 2
− 2 2
(1 + x) + y (1 + x) + y 2a
f ( 2a − x )
1− z 1− x2
l= ∫0
f ( 2a − x ) + f ( x ) ......(2)
∩0 ⇒ ≤ 0 and
1+ z (1 + x) 2 + y 2 Adding (1) and (2), we get
PAGE
2a a
− 2y f ( x ) + ( 2a − x )
(1 + x) 2 + y 2
≤0 2l = ∫
0
f ( x ) + f ( 2a − x ) ∫
dx = = 1. dx
0
⇒ x ≥ 1 and y ≥ 0 which is true as x > 1 & y > 0

2
= [ x]02a = 2a
∴ The given statement is true V z.
⇒ l=a
81.a. Since the given systems has a non-trivial solution.
a b a+c www.aieeepage.com
II) True
∴ The given statement is true.
∴ 2b − c b 2b = 0 Consider ( n + 1)( n + 2)...( n + r )

a b a r!
Operate R3–R1 1.2.3...(n − 1) n(n + 1)( n + 2)...(n + r ) (n + r )!
= =
1.2.3...n.r! n!r!
a b a+c
n+ r
⇒ 2b − c b 2b = 0 = Cr
0 0 −c = some integral value
⇒ (n + 1)(n + 2)...( n + r ) is divisible by r!
⇒ − c(ab − 2b2 + bc) = 0 Thus given statement is true.
⇒ − bc(a − 2b + c) = 0 ⇒ 2b = a + c
84.c. f ( x + 1) − f ( x ) = b( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
(Q b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0) + c( x + 1) + d
⇒ a, b, c are in A.P. − (bx 2 + cx + d )
 x2  = 2bx + b + c
82.b. In −8 < x < 8, y =  64 + 2  = 2 .
  = 8x + 3
PAGE
∴ the required area = the shaded area
⇒ b = 4 and c = −1
1
= (1 + 3) 2 = 4 . ⇒ The roots of the equation
2
Y
x 2 + bx + c = 0 are
−4 ± 20
Y=2 = −2 ± 5
2
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(3,2)
Y=X–1 Hence, roots are irrational.

85.b. I) False
X If ( x − r ) is a factor of f (x ) repeated m times then
O (1, 0)
f '( x ) is a polynomial with ( x − r ) as factor repeated
83.c. I) True at least (m − 1) times.
∴ Statement is False.
II) True
  π 
1 − cos B 2 sin 2 B / 2 ⇒  x 1 + cos x   + 1 = 1 ...(3)
tan A = = = tan B / 2   2 
sin B 2 sin B / 2 cos B / 2
then 2 tan A 2 tan B / 2 −1 0 1
tan 2 A = = = tan B
∴ Statement is true.
1 − tan 2 A 1 − tan 2 B / 2 ∴ I= ∫ dx + ∫ 0 dx + ∫ dx
−2 −1 0
86.c. The box contains 2n shoes. We can choose 2r
=1+1=2
shoes out 2n shoes in 2n C2r ways. We can 88.c. I) True
f ( x) + f (− x)
choose one complete pair out of n pairs in n C1 ways. Consider φ ( x) = which is an even
2
Now we have to avoid a complete pair. While
function.
choosing (2r–2) shoes out of remaining (n–1) pairs
of shoes, we first choose (r–1) pairs out of (n–1) f ' ( x) + f ' (− x)
Now ψ ( x) = φ' ( x) =
n −1 2
pairs. This can be done in Cr −1 ways. From
PAGE
f ' (− x) + f ' ( x)
each of these (r–1) pairs choose (r–1) single ψ (− x) = = −ψ ( x )
(Unmatching) shoes from each pair. This can be 2
done in 2r–1 ways. Thus the no. of favourable ways ∴ ψ is odd.
is ∴ Statement is true.
(n C1 ) (n −1 Cr −1 )2 r −1 II) True
Statement can be restated as– ‘three lines are
Hence the prob. of the reqd. evert
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concurrent’ for which
n −1 r −1
n( Cr −1 ) ⋅ 2 5 4 0
2n .
C2 r 1 2 − 10 = 0
2 1 5
x  −π 
x ∈ [−2, − 1) ⇒ π ∈  −π,
2 
87.c. LHS on expanding gives 5 (10+10)–4(5+20)
2 
=100 – 100 = 0
πx  πx  ∴ Statement is True.
⇒ 0 ≤ 1 + cos <1; ⇒ 1 + cos  = 0 89.c. Any line PC through the intersection of
2  2
x − 7 y + 5 = 0 and x + 3 y − 2 = 0 is of the form
 πx 
⇒ x 1 + cos  + 1 = 1 ...(1) x − 7 y + 5 + λ ( x + 3 y − 2) = 0
 2
or x(1 + λ) − y (7 − 3λ) + 5 − 2λ = 0 ...(1)
πx  π 
x ∈ [−1, 0) ⇒ ∈ − ,0
2  2  B
C
πx A
⇒ 1 < 1 + cos <2
2 x x
πx
⇒ 1 + cos >1
2
PAGE
P
 πx   πx 
⇒ 1 + cos  = 1 ; x 1 + cos  = x
 2   2 1
Equation of PA: x − 7 y + 5 = 0 with a slope
7
  πx  
 x 1 + cos  + 1 = [1 + x ] = 0 1
  2 
Equation of PC: x + 3 y − 2 = 0 with a slope −
3
(Q x is negative)
πx
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APC = BPC
x ∈ [0,1] ⇒ 0 ≤ cos ≤1
2 ⇒ tan APC = tan BPC
 π  1  1
⇒ 1 + cos x  = 1 ...(2) − −
 2  7  3 
 1  1
  π  1+    − 
⇒  x 1 + cos x = 0  7   3
  2 
1+ λ  1  ∴ − x9 − x > 0 ∴ E > 0 in this case also.
− −  Hence E > 0 for all x ∈ R
7 - 3λ  3 
= Hence reqd. largest interval is −∞ < x < ∞ .
 1 + λ  1 
1+   −  92.d. The graph of y = |x| is shown in the Figure, when x
 7 - 3λ  3  < 0, y = –x and when x >0, y = x.
At x = 0, f(0) = f(0–) = f(0+)
1 1 ⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = 0
This becomes = giving
2−λ 2 LHD = –1 and RHD = +1 at x = 0
λ =0 or λ =4
⇒ f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
Note: Choices A and B are not correct because f(x)
λ =0 gives PA itself and λ =4 gives PB
Equation of PB is 5x + 5y – 3 = 0 1 1
90.b. I) False is continuous both x= and– 2 .
2
1x − a ! x−a  π  π
Consider f ( x) = x − a , g ( x) = 1x − a ! f '( x) = 2sin x cos x + 2sin  x +  cos  x + 
PAGE
93.a.
 3  3
lim ( f ( x) g ( x) ) exists but lim f ( x) and
then x→  π  π
a x→ a
= − sin x cos  x +  − cos x.sin  x + 
 3  3
lim g ( x) does not exist.
x→ a
∴ Statement is false.  2π   π
= sin 2 x + sin  2 x +  − sin  x + x + 3 
II) True  3   
The circle passes through
www.aieeepage.com
the points

= 2 sin 2 x +
π π 
cos − sin 2 x +
π
A(1, 3 ), B (1,− 3 ) and C (3, 3 ) . 
 3  3 
 3 
Here line AB is parallel to y-axis and BC is parallel
to x-axis, there ∠ ABC = 0  π  π
= sin  2 x +  − sin  2 x +  = 0
∴ AC is diameter of circle.  3  3
∴ Eq. of circle is
∴ f ( x ) = constant = K(say)
( x − 1)( x − 3) + ( y − 3 )( y + 3 ) = 0
π π
But f (0) = 0 + sin 2 + cos 0.cos
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x = 0 3 3
Let us check the position of pt (5/2,1) with respect 2
to the circle (1), we get  3 1 3 1 5
= + = + =
 2  2 4 2 4
25  
S1 = + 1 − 10 < 0
4
5 5
∴ Pt lies inside the circle. ∴K = ∴ f ( x) = ∀ x ∈ R
4 4
∴ No tangent can be drawn to the given circle
from pt (5/2, 1). 5
∴ Given statement is True. ( gof ) ( x) = g ( f ( x)) = g   = 1
4
91.d. Let E = x12 = x 9 + x 4 − x + 1 94.c. Check options, by taking the values of x, y and z
PAGE
9 3 3 accordingly with the given conditions.
= x ( x − 1) + x( x − 1) + 1
95.c. Check options, by taking the values of x, y and z
9 3
= ( x + x) ( x − 1) + 1 accordingly with the given conditions.
E = x( x3 − 1) ( x8 + 1) + 1 ≥ 1 > 0
96.d. Q limiting points are ( C , O ), ( − C , O ) real
for x ≥1 ⇒C ≥O.
∴ for x ≥ 1, E > 0
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Again E = x12 + x 4 (1 − x5 ) + (1 − x)
97.a. In coaxal system of Oles line of centres always ⊥
to radical axis & the Ole eqn is of the form
S + λL = O , where S=O is member of system of
When 0 < x < 1 , the terms 1 − x5 and 1 − x are both Oles & L=O is R.A.
+ve. 98.c. Q R.A. is x + y − 1 = 0 line of centre is
∴ E>0
When x < 0 , the terms with minus signs i.e.
y − x + k = 0 (R.A. ⊥ line of centres) α passing
x9 and x are both less than zero. thro centre ( −1,3 2 ) .
∴ it is (c)
99.c. From definition of R.A., S11 = S22 (Powers same)
⇒ S11 = S22 ⇒ lengths of tangent same
⇒ α =β
100.a. Radius of Ole is g 2 − C , it is real only when
g 2 − C ≥ 0 ⇒ (g − C ) (g + C ) ≥ 0 ⇒ g ≤ − C
centre of this Ole is ( − g , 0) ∴ there is no such of
in b/w − C & C
Q( − C , 0), ( C , 0) are limiting points.
PAGE
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PAGE
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Paper - I I I : Chemistry - 101 to 150
Solutions
101.c Exciting an electron requires increasing its kinetic trigonometry function, they must know the
energy. This would allow it to move to a higher relationship between angles and sin and cos. Thus,
energy state. I, II, and III all lead to an increase in you want the smallest angle of the four answer
the kinetic energy of the electron. Thus, I, II, and choices.
III must all be true. 105.d The equation that tells you the number of electrons
102.a. The New Zealand scientist noted that most alphs- in any given principal quantum numebr (including
particles were propelled straight through or all the subshells) is 2n 2 . Replacing n in this
deflected at very small angles. He also noticed that equation with 4, will given you 32.
very few electrons were backscattered at 180 106.b. LeChatelier’s principle states: If a system at
degrees. The “Plum-Pudding” Model proposes equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature,
that the electrons and protons are uniformly pressure or the concentration of one of the
distributed throughout the atom. If this were true, components, the system will shift its equilibrium
then the alpha particles would never be
PAGE
position so as to counteract the effect of the
backscattered at 180 degrees because the electrons disturbance. If the addition of heat caused the
and protons have considerably less mass than the reaction to shift to the right, (i.e. away from the
alphaparticles (He). The New Zealand scientist reactants), this, implies that heat is required for the
observed that the alpha particles went back with reaction to ‘go’. This is indicative of an endothermic
almost all their original energy. Thus, they must reaction.
have collided elastically with a much much larger
mass due to the fact that they maintained almost all 107.c. In [Ni(CO)4 ] , 4s electrons are shifted to 3d making
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their kinetic energy AND after the collision they
it3d 4s and in [Ni(CN) ]
were not attached to the structure with which they
10 0
4
2–
, all the 8 electrons
get paired up in the crystal field.
collided. Choice b and d claim ineleastic collisions.
108.c. You may have been looking for hydrogen bonding,
Furthermore, Choices c and d claim that the collision
which would probably be the best answer, but it’s
occurred with otehr electrons of the gold atom. This
not there. Polarity is a prerequisite for hydrogen
could not be the case since they possess
bonding, so choice C is the best alternative.
considerably less mass than the alpha-particles. If
109.b. Use process of elimination: C is false; you can even
the collision were with one of the protons or
ionize an atom without affecting its nucleus. A,
electrons of the gold atoms, the electrons and
although true as far as elements in their ground
protons would have escaped from the gld atoms,
state are concerned, says nothing about excited
ionizing the atom.
states. It is difficult to see what would make choice
103.c. You should always think of differences and
D correct. But choice B agrees with something that
similarities between theories when asked to
you should know about orbitals (higher n means
compare. The “Planetary Model” differs from the
greater size), and gives a plausible explanation for
Bohr Model on the point that the Bohr Model places
the observations.
the electrons in discrete orbits around the nucleus,
110.d. An electrolyte is a substance that conducts
where the “Planetary Model” simply has electrons
electricity in aqueous solution. The fact that it’s an
revolving around the nucleus without any fixed
electrolyte does not make it a voltage source itself,
orits. Thi is even stated in the passage. Thus, in
so no current would flow if it were merely attached
both models the electrons are in circlar motion about
to a resistor.
the nucleus. As a result, centripetal force of the
PAGE
111.d. The reaction proceeds as follows:
nucleus would pull the electrons into the nucleus,
CO(CH2)4 CH3 CO(CH2)5 CH3
unless they were in fixed orbits from the nucleus. H2 NNH2 KOH
As the electrons are pulled into the nucleus, their
electrical potential energywould decrease. Choice
112.d. According to the ideal gas law, both pressure and
a is wrng because it says there is no electrical
volume are directly proportional to (absolute)
potential energy. There will always be electrical
temperature.
potential energy when two charges separated over
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113.a. The experiment describes the mixture along the
a distance. Choice B is incorrect because it claims
dotted line in the diagram.
a gain in electrical potential energy. Choice d is
114.c. Don’t think about this until you look at your
wrong because it refers to the Bohr Model.
choices! You may come up with a perfectly
104.a. The passage provides an equation to estimate the
reasonable explanation, but it may not be the one
number of particles at a particular angle of deflection.
the question-writer had in mind. Instead, use
The number of particles is inversely related to the
process of elimination. You can eliminate choices
sin of the angle of deflection. Thus, you want an
either because they are factually incorrect or
angle with the smallest sin value. As an angle
because they have nothing to do with the
increases from 0 to 90 the sin increases Although
phenomenon described.
IIT-JEE students are notrequired to know specific
Taking the choices one at a time: choice A would be = k [A] [B] it is possible to derive an expression for the
an explanation if it were true, although a variation in concentrations of A and B with time.
hydrophobic residue would not activate an acid. 122.d. Gases can be written either as concentrations or as
Choice B is factually untrue (many proteins are partial pressures in equilibrium expressions. The
found in nearly neutral environments), and it also two can be related by the ideal gas law, and thus
wouldn’t explain the phenomenon (an acidic the numerical values will differ.
environment makes weak acids less likely to 123.d. The larger alkane chain the stronger the London
dissociate, by Le Chatelier’s principle). Choice C dispersion forces leading to a solid. Answer D is
would be an explanation if it were true; plus, since the longest alkane chain in the answers. The alkanes
basic amino acids are stronger bases than water, in answers A, B and C are all liquids.
this looks like a good answer. In considering choice 124.b. A+B C+D; Ke= 2.25 (given)
D, realize that at high concentrations acids tend
tobe less dissociated, at least on a percentage basis. [C ] [ D ] 3 × 3
Reaction quotient, Q = [ A] [ B ] = 1× 1 = 9
At any rate, weak acids do not dissociate to a very
great extent, even at low concentrations. Since Q > Ke, the reaction will proceed in the
115.d. The Nernst equation is really about non-standard
PAGE
backward direction. Let ‘x’ mole of C be converted
conditions, so A seems doubtful. Standard potential into ‘A’ till the attainment of new eqm. state.
is just the potential at standard conditions. This 1 mole 1 mole 3 mole 3 mole ...initially
definition does not directly involve equilibrium, so A B C D
B seems doubtful as well. C is kind of silly if you (1+x) (1+x) (3–x) (3–x) ...at eqm.
thing about it; standard potentials are measured
under standard conditons. But D is a true statement: (3 − x ) (3 − x ) (1 − x )2
K e = 2.25 = =
you need two half-reactions to make an actual (1 + x ) (1 + x ) (1 + x )2
116.d.
reaction. www.aieeepage.com 3 − x
The rate of a reaction is correctly described by
or 1.5 =
choices A, B, and C. Choice D however is incorrect. 1+ x
There is no such equation as the Eurim equation. whence x = 0.6
They Eyring equation is used at times to calculate Now, [A] at eqm. = 1+x = 1+0.6 = 1.6
the rate of a reaction. Whether or not it is applicable [C] at eqm. = 3–x = 3–0.6 = 2.4
is determined by the partition function of the or [A] : [C] = 1.6 : 2.4 or 2 : 3.
species involved. 125.a. If MgCO3 can decompose to yield CO2 at 1.0 atm
117.c. A first order reaction follows the same trend as a (to push back the air), it will do so.
half life reaction. The rate is directly proportional
K p = PCO2 = 1atm
to the concentration. On the graph, the slope is the
reaction rate. Since the concentration is moving 8500
toward zero, the slope should also be moving log K p = log1 = 0.00 = 7.310 −
T
toward zero. This is curve C.
118.c. Since electrons are flowing into the sample, the 8500
probe must be the site of reduction, i.e., the cathode. T= = 1163 K = 890ºC .
7.310
Furthermore, since the sample is receiving
electrons, H+ in the sample is being converted into  1 liter   0.3 moles AgNO3 
126.b. (26.7 ml AgNO3 solution)   
 1000 ml   1 liter solution 
H2, raising the pH. Concentration cells are trying
to equalize the concentration in the two cells, so if = 8.0 × 10 –3 moles AgNO3
the pH in the sample is increasing, it must have
PAGE
started at a pH below 2.0.  1 mole Cl –   35.5 g Cl – 
8.0 × 10 –3 moles AgNO3    

119.a. The resonance structure below shows the double  1 mole AgNO3   1 mole Cl 
bond on the nitrogen.
= 2.84 ×10 –1 g Cl –1
O
| 2.8 × 10 –1 g Cl –1
H–C=NH2 × 100 = 2.0% Cl –1 in H 2O
14.0 g sample of H 2 O
120.d. As we boil the mixture the escaping vapor contains
www.aieeepage.com
127.d. This is very basic thermodynamics: breaking up
more of the more volatile component, benzene. The
remaining liquid becomes richer in toluene. water to produce hydrogen, and then using the
According to the graph, a liquid mixture 25 mole % hydrogen to make water, cancel each other out,
in benzene will boil at ~100ºC. As we boil the liquid which means that there is no net gain of energy (in
its composition and boiling point move to the left keeping with the First Law of Thermodynamics).
and up on the “boiling point line” until we reach You may wonder, then, what the big deal is about
the desired point. fuel cells, both in the general media, among
121.c. If a reaction is second order by virtue of a first scientists, and on Wall Street. The answer is that a
order rate dependence on each of two reagents fuel cell can provide a convenient way to store
where rate energy. For example, a gas, oil or nuclear
plant produces a lot less pollution per Joule than a Hence, the correct sequence is magnesium, dry
car engine. So by running an electric plant and ether, carbon dioxide, HBr, excess methanol and
using the energy to split water, and then using the sulfuric acid (twice).
products in a fuel cell in a car, the total amount of 132.c. In the reaction in choice II, internal energy merely
pollution can be reduced. Likewise, equipping your changes forms, from potential (chemical) to kinetic
house with solar panels normally only gives you (thermal). Or perhaps some of the chemical energy
power when it’s sunny! But a fuel cell could be a is used to do work, in which case the internal energy
convenient way to store the energy for later use. of the system decreases. In any case, II is incorrect,
128.a. The addition of four hydrogen atoms indicates two which leaves C as the only answer.
double bonds, so answer A is the only correct 133.a. The fact that the addition is anti-Markovnikov
answer. The fact that the saturated alkane is still 4 indicates that the hydroxyl group will add to the
hydrogens short (would be 32 hydrogens if there least substituted carbon.
were no rings) indicates two rings in the structure. 134.c. 200 cm.
129.a. Volume of Ag to be deposited
x y
= area × thickness
= 80 cm2 × 5 × 10–3 cm
PAGE
HCl(g) NH3(g)
= 0.4 cm3 a cm. p(200–a)cm.
Mass of Ag to be deposited Since the tube is of uniform cross section, the rate
= Vol. × densitty=0.4 cm3 × 10.5 gm. cm–3 of diffusion is directly proportional to the length of
= 4.2 gm. the tube. Let the distance of point “P” from the
Number of gm. eq. of Ag to be deposited HCl end be ‘a’ cm. Then distance of “P” from the
4.2 gm. NH3end = (200–a)cm.
www.aieeepage.com
= = 0.0388
108 gm. eq.–1 Thus, r ∝a HCl
Number of Faradays needed to deposit 0.0388 eq. rNH3 ∝ (200 − a)

of Ag = 0.0388 Now, according to Graham’s law of diffusion,
Number of coulombs needed =
0.0388 × 96500 rHCl M NH 3
Time to coat the metal surface = =
rNH 3 M HCl
Charge in coulombs
Current in amp. a 17
=
(200 − a) 36.5
0.0388 × 96500
= = 2496.13seconds
1.5 a 0.68
= 2500 seconds. or (200 − a) = 1
130.a. Cl — CH2 COOH Cl — CH 2 COO – +H + or a = 200 × 0.68 − 0.68a

van’t Hoff factor or 1.68 a = 200 × 0.68
using Ostwald’s dilution law of weak electrolyte 200 × 0.68
or a= = 80.95 cm
−3 1.68
Ka 1.36 × 10
x= = = 0.37
c 0.01 135.d. h uA λB
uA = ∴ = =2
PAGE
λ A.m uB λ A
∴ i = (l + x) = 1.37
(Qλ B = 2λ A )
hence,elevation in b.p (∆ T )b = K b m (molarity) i
= 0.51× 0.01× 1.37 = 0.007º h
uB =
hence, b.p. of solution T = T0 + (∆ T )b λ B. m
= 100 + 0.007º = 100.007ºC.
TA mu A2 4
131.d. The conversion proceeds as follows:
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O
Now T = mu 2 = 1 ; Also TA − TB = 1.50
B B
dry | |–
CO 2
∴ TB = 0.50
ether CO
++
Mg Br
–
Br + Mg MgBr
Bromobenzene
TA = 0.50 + 1.50 = 2.00 eV
O
H Br || H 2SO 4
CO–OH + MgBr 2 + CH3OH
excess
Also 4.25 = hv0 A + TA ,
O O ∴ hv0 A = 4.25 − 2.00 = 2.25eV
| H2SO4 ||
CO–OH C–OCH3 + H2 O
|
OCH3
4.20 = hv0B + TB , hv0B = 4.20 − 0.50 = 3.70eV H 2  → 2 H ; ∆ H = 436 kJ mol –1
136.a. The primary functional group of this compound is Energy required to bring 0.0409 moles of hydrogen
nitrogen. Thus, this compound is a member of the gas to atomic state
aniline family. The ring substituents are named = 436 × 0.0409 = 17.83 kJ
according to their relative position to the functional Calculation of total number of hydrogen atoms in
group. The methyl group is directly opposite the 0.0409 mole of H2 gas
amine group and this is indicated by the p (for para).
1 mole of H2 gas has 6.02 × 1023 molecules
Both the isopropyl and methyl groups are attached
to the functional group of the compound and this
6.02 ×1022
is indicated by the ‘N, N’ prefix. 0.0409 mole of H2 gas = × 0.0409
137.b. Choices A and C misrepresent the role of a catalyst: 1
catalysts do not change the stability of a certain Since 1 molecule of H2 gas has 2 hydrogen atoms
set of products, but they are actively involved with 6.02 ×1023 × 0.0409 molecules of H2 gas
reactions (because they change the transition
state). As far as choice D goes, catalysts certainly = 2 × 6.02 × 1023 × 0.0409 = 4.92 × 10 23 atoms.
PAGE
do affect the reverse reaction, but that isn’t ruled Energy required to excite an electron from the
out by the observations; also, what is a “kinetic ground state to the next excited state
promoter”? It’s made-up phrase, but it sure sounds  1 1  1 1 
like a description of a catalyst! = 13.6  2 − 2  eV = 13.6 ×  − 
n  1 4
138.b. Step I is the rate determining step, so it must be  1 n2 
slower than Step II.
3
= 13.6 × = 10.2eV = 1.632 × 10−21 kJ
4π r 2
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139.a. Surface area of spherical drop = 4
(a) When radius is 3.0mm (= 3.0 ×10−1 cm) Therefore energy required to excite 4.92 × 10 22
electrons = 1.632 ×10 −21 × 4.92 × 10 22 kJ

surface area A1 = 4 π (0.09) cm 2
= 8.03 × 10 = 80.3 kJ
(b) When radius is 3.0 × 10−3 mm Therefore total energy required = 17.83 + 80.3 =
(= 3.0 ×10−4 cm) 98.17 kJ.
141.d. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in
surface area A2 = 4 π (9 × 10 −8 ) cm 2 an isolated sytem, spontaneous processes occur
in the direction of increasing entropy. The
number of drops formed = substances that react in the first reaction both show
an increase in entropy: from solid to liquid and from
volume of a drop of radius 3.0mm liquid to gas. However, in the second reaction the
volume of drops of radius 3 × 10−3 mm net entropy remains the same since one substance
changes from a solid to a liquid and the other
4 changes from a liquid to a solid. Hence, the total
π r13 “randomness” of the sytem remains the same.
3 33
= = −3 3
= 109 142.d. This time, the experiment was explicitly performed
4
π r23 (3 × 10 ) under standard conditions: 1 atmosphere of oxygen
3 gas. Yet the graph shows a negative free energy
change at that temperature, which implies that the
PAGE
Hence, surface area of 109 drops =
reaction is spontaneous. Many spontaneous
4 π (9 × 10−8 ) ×109 =4 π× 90 cm 2 reactions, are so slow at certain temperatures that
increase in surface area = they effectively do not occur. The reaction between
oxygen and gasoline is a typical example (you need
(4 π× 90) − (4 π× 0.09) = a spark to get it started).
4 π 89.91cm 2 =1129.842 cm 2 143.a. The leaving group would be CH 3– before the
substitutions of the 1atoms for hydrogens. After
∴ work done in dispersion =
γ × increase in area = www.aieeepage.com the substitutions the leaving group isCl3–, Cl3– is a
better leaving group beacuse the 1 atoms are
electron withdrawing and stabilize the negative
72.8 × 1129.842=8.2252 × 104 erg chage.
= 8.2252 × 10–3 J. 144.d. Both carbon oxygen bonds are involved in the
140.a. Determination of number of moles of hydrogen gas, resonance of the negative charge. The bond length
is between the single and double bond.
PV 1×1 145.c. An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes
n= = = 0.0409
RT 0.082 × 298 dipped into an electrolyte. If both of the electrodes
The concerned reaction is are dipped into the same electrolyte, the solution
potential φ (s) is common to both electrodes and triplet state is released the energy transferred is
the arrangement is called a cell without a liquid emitted as phosphorescence. Internal conversion
juction, see the figure below. is also a transfer of energy, however it is attained
by other nonradiative means such as the release of
Pt wire heat or transfer to another molecule via collision or
Pt wire
H2 internal vibrational relaxation. Quenching is
another nonradiative process that releases the
energy from the excited state back down to the
ground state.
149.a. Choice (a) is correct because the absorption of
energy is quantitized from the ground state to the
Pt excited state. Each molecule exhibits its own
AgCl/Ag
inherent quantitized energy levels, which give rise
to each element displaying a unique line spectrum.
A simple electrochemical cell without a liquid Choice (b) is incorrect because fluorescence results
PAGE
juction. from the emission of energy from the excited S1
146.b. Long wavelengths correspond to low frequencies
and short wavelengths correspond to high state to the ground So state, not from internal
frequencies. The wavelength and frequency of conversion. Choice (c) is incorrect because
electromagnetic radiation are inversely related intersystem crossing, not internal conversion, is
according to the equation This is also ilustrated in involved with phosphorescence. Finally, choice
the diagram below. Since infrared radiation has the (d) is incorrect because conversion from the T1 to
longest wavelength of the choices listed, choice
(b) is correct. www.aieeepage.com
the S state is called phosphorescence, no
vibrational relaxation.
o
Wavelength 1010 (meters) 10 −10 150.d. In order to anwer this question, we must consult
the diagram; we want to focus on the energy levels
fo the excited S1 state and the excited T1 state.
Frequency 0
emission from the excited S1 state (which is of a
10 20 (sec onds −1 ) 10
higher energy level than the T1 state) to the
147.c. In order for the equation using energy transferred
to be dependent upon the color of light, it must So state is called fluorescence. Emission from the
somehow be dependent on the wavelength or T1 state to the So state is called phosphorescence.
frequency of the incident light. Color is dependent
There is no emission of light from internal
upon the wavelength of visible light. The different
conversion (which is nonradiative) or from the
colors of light (visible to teh naked eye) are located
absorption process (the molecule absorbs light to
in the visible region of the electromagnetic radiation
become excited). How do we determine whether
spectrum. The equation relating wavelength to
fluorescence or phosphorescence corresponds to
frequency is c = λv where c is the speed of light, the longer wavelength ? The key to this equestion
λ is the wavelength of light, and v is the frequency s that the T1 state is of lower energy. This is clear
of the light. Because of this relationship ( v = c / λ ), in Figure 1 and it is mentioned in the last paragraph
both equations (II and III) relate wavelength to of the passage. Using the relationship between
PAGE
energy. Choice (c) is correct. Equation I only relates energy and wavelength (E = hc / λ ), we see that
energy to mass and velocity, so it does not apply
they are inversely proportional. That means that
and choices (a) and (d) are incorrect.
as the waelength increases the energy of the light
148 Each one of the process shown in Figure 1 results
decreases or vice versa, so choice (d) is correct
in a change in energy. The energy transferred
durign absorption an fluorescence is quantitized Emission of light from the lower energy T1 state to
and of equal magnitude involving the absorption
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the So ground state(phosphorescence) results in
or emission of an electron or photon.
a smaller transfer of energy, hence, a longer
Electromagnetic radiation (light) is composed of
wavelength.
photons, which exhibit both particle and wavelike
properties. Electrons can only be promoted to
levels of a certain energy from the lower ground
state to the higher excited state (and vice versa)
according to thier quantitized energy levels.
Intersystem crossing to the triplet state is also an
energy transfer that does not emit energy as a
radiative process. When the

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sufficiently higher than the surface of the Earth so

(5) M S = Vs ρ S . Since stone has higher mass density

v1 2.19 × 106 πr 2 (T2 − T1 )

2.19 × 106 K π 4r 2 (T2 − T1 )

= ( µ mg) ( ∆ S) [Q m=10.2kg>> ∆ m] Flute

51.b. ∴− 1 ≤ x + [ x ] ≤ 1 clearly x ∈ [0,1)

= (ω2 )1985 + (ω2 )100 + 1

54.a. x < 1, f ( x) = x identity mapping ∴ f −1 ( x) = x 57.a. 3 cos x − sin x ≥ 2

Hence, by section formula P.V. of S 3

This meets the parabola x2 = 4by at the point given

When y = b, x 2 = 4b2 or x = ±2b n ⋅ 2n +1

(0,5) A = (CAcosθ,CAsinθ) and

Since LHL ≠ RHL d 2S

f (2a − x) + f [2a − (2a − x)]

⇒ x ≥ 1 and y ≥ 0 which is true as x > 1 & y > 0

∴ 2b − c b 2b = 0 Consider ( n + 1)( n + 2)...( n + r )

Y=X–1 Hence, roots are irrational.

x9 and x are both less than zero. thro centre ( −1,3 2 ) .

Q( − C , 0), ( C , 0) are limiting points.

Number of Faradays needed to deposit 0.0388 eq. rNH3 ∝ (200 − a)

130.a. Cl — CH2 COOH Cl — CH 2 COO – +H + or a = 200 × 0.68 − 0.68a

electrons = 1.632 ×10 −21 × 4.92 × 10 22 kJ

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