Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
23. LOGARITHMS
IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
nl
5.loga(xp)=p(logax) 1
6. logax =1/logx a
7. logax = logb x/logb a=log x/log a.
eG
K
in
I.
Common Logarithms:
Logarithms to the base 10 are known as common logarithms.
eO
II.
III.
The logarithm of a number contains two parts, namely characteristic and mantissa.
Characteristic: The integral part of the logarithm of a number is called its characteristic.
Th
Example:
Characteristic
2
1
0
Number
0.6173
0.03125
0.00125
Characteristic
1
2
3
eG
K
Number
348.25
46.583
9.2193
Mantissa: The decimal part of the logarithm of a number is known is its mantissa. For
mantissa, we look through log table.
1.Evaluate:
(1)log3 27
(2)log7 (1/343)
(3)log100(0.01)
SOLUTION:
nl
ie, log3 27 = 3.
in
SOLVED EXAMPLES
eO
Th
EX.2. evaluate
(i) log7 1=0
(ii)log34 34 (iii)36log 6 4
solution:
i)
we know that loga 1=0 ,so log7 1=0 .
ii)
we know that loga a=1,so log34 34=0.
iii)
We know that alog 6 x =x.
now 36log 6 4=(62)log6 4 =6 log 6(16)=16.
Ex.3.if log
log
x=10/3 ,x=(
)10/3=(23/2)10/3=2(3/2*10/3)=25=32.
in
log927- log279=(n-m)=(3/2-2/3)=5/6
eG
K
nl
Th
eO
Ex. 7.Simplify:[1/logxy(xyz)+1/logyz(xyz)+1/logzx(xyz)]
Given expression: logxyz xy+ logxyz yz+ logxyz zx
=logxyz (xy*yz*zx)=logxyz (xyz)2
2logxyz(xyz)=2*1=2
Ex.8.If log10 2=0.30103,find the value of log10 50.
Soln. log10 50=log10 (100/2)=log10 100-log10 2=2-0.30103=1.69897.
Ex 9.If log 2=0.3010 and log 3=0.4771,find the values of:
i)
Soln.
i)
ii)
log 25
ii)log 4.5
Th
eO
nl
in
eG
K