1t

32 i

3:rl

D l42i

(ii) i\ rolurirrn ihat have the abiiity to maintein its pH when

aCtled io

ei

lo

i a_

lle

D--L+o

i:ir)

:li

a smaii amouni

it. ...,,,.....^.r.

= FK* + lg [soCium lactate] / [lactic

= -lg (l.3it :<l0q) + ie (0.300/0.200)

acid]

$f acid or alkeli is

""""""""""t1]
"""""111

""""'tll

=,i.04..........

(i.i){:ii3CHioI1)CoO.(aq).iH'(aq)-CH:CH('oH)Cooli(arl
(b)

(ii)

(i)

0.00600 n:oi ti,'n':

ll', t:,;i'c =

nrin-r

""" """"""""'ili

..'..,'.'.'.

'"11i

F-i

l';?llTill":

l:1::: ll

l. t i

rij

/l'.
I

.
iiiri-);i

["..

'..,

ft.

-t---'-''

-'-\.-

ir-

i ---.I

2. la)

T'ime

" """"[!j

fi)E=hv

x l0':o; 19.+13 x- i0'*i

Energydiiference: io.ol x tq"1 il.+t: x 10r4X6.02 K 10:r)/1000
= (5.63

:""' ' ' "" '

rnot(ii) I.Efronntheexcitedstate=550 -3:i6 - 234xi}? k'inii;i'r
=

(b)

ii)

i irn ; Illiili i{.i ilr

3"t6.-,10? kj

"""""""""""'f 1l
""""""'ill
.'""'' ill

E" = Eo cathocle - E" anode

= (+1.33) - inO.t7)
=+1.16 V ,..............

""""""'til
+1'33v
4t12o
or eq.l : CrQ+?- + 8I{' +3e ->
-0'l7V
.q.e, 2ilt.o + S03 --->SO{1' + 4H' + 2e
+1'161i tll+tll
overalieq : 2CrOqx- + 4:-i* + 3SO2 * ICf* + 3SO+?-+ 2H?o
"":'-""""""" """'il]
Since E is positive, reactiou is sponta.neous
"""""t11
SO: redrtrei the yellcw Cro*t- to green Clcr3' +

(ii)

-Due io the low concentration oiSO2 in rhe

- The rate cf i'eaction is low

atmosphere

3, (a)(i) To

(ii)

brealE the

%by niass

htg

iv

"/2

28
28

:noles 12
!
24.3
: 7.96
Simplest ratio :
3
Ernperical forrnula of L :
g3N1.
(ivi$hf2)n : 100.9
iiii)
(3x 2a.3 -t- 2xl4)n - 101).9
nFonnula of L: Mg3bi2.
i\io. of

Nurnberof moles of
N{ass

srcirg t"iple bcnd between the niirogen afoms in li2,

etha'e:4:rtlf]$rt

x 101)

.,........

of ethane = 0.0249 x [2(12,0) + 6(1,0)]

=Q,74?

(b)(i)

,.......tlj

."'."'.'.'...'."..'t1l

.,,.,,'..,,,,,.,:,,',.,',",.."""',.,111

-,liixnrLeBismostlikelytobehlt'elikeXrurclY '..,,"',,,.,',',,"',,ill
- Interactions between X-Y molecules in the mixture is rveaker thnn beiween

X-XrnolcculesinpuleiiquiciandY-Yrnoi,:'ruiesinpureliquid.

1'1

l.?

...'.....'...t11

= (2.00x40.0) (6c)
=4800

...tll

10*

..............

(iii) Cha"ge=It

.....i1]

....'...""....""...'t1]

- lience, vapour pressure ofthe liquid nrixiure is higher than that predicted by

2.0

Raouft's

law.

.'.....".'.....,..'...t1]

-TheliquiciuiixfureshowspositivedeviationfromRaoult'slarv'...........'...'.........t1]

lv,f

/ii\

(iv) ldagnesium hyiro;ciCe

ir) ^vtg3l.l2 + 6FI1O -+

3lvlgiOH):

2hIFi:

{b) (i) i{o. cf moies oi S:Cl: : 1,1135 = 0.00'74 rnol

l'.lo of mole*s of. yellow precipitate, S = A36/3? = 0.011? moi
F.atio of SzCIz : S:0.0074 : 0.0112 -2:3.
qii) Balanced equaticn

2S3Cl2

4. (a) (0 Nitration/electrophilic

.l"1

,t;<es
sh;rpe

label liquiclA;apour

substitutiou

H
\.2'
biOa-

Hrsoi

H'

0?6X Z
lg09,i, y

I0m

NO,

\f

(iii)

arrows (at icast 3

..'.....'.'...'....f11
.....................t11

(d(r) N{"=I(,\!Iiu)prcducts-I(AHrlreactants
= [2 (x) +2Ce2)]- [2(-134) +
i<J

mol'r

0]

=t.;

"**
".."'.".......'tll

..'."..111

.'...."......t11

Oa' use equation rnethod

5. (a) (i) IiirCrogen

+ZeD

-)

ie nt,

6.

(i) arnide
(ii)

2FIrO

09,"

.'..[l+I+l]

x = -220

p-NHr*cl-;
iii)

1009/oX

CcmPosiiion

-Thefirstclistlllateistheazeotropicmixture
-theresidueispures f

-,1s6

(c)

.[ 1 ]

3H:O

.........,.........t11
(ii)concentratedH|trOriconcentratedHrS04,<55oC........ ....,.........t11

(iii)

. ., il I
,,,.t1]

cHrcooH

il+tl
10*

Or

use c,vcle method

Since the standard enilralpy

of tbrmation of phosgene,is negative, phosgene is energetically

...."...11l
Cl2.

stable rvith respect io C, 02 and

gas

Hz

{ii)

This srrggests that the oxidation olchlorotbrm to phosgene requires etrergy from sunlight..

ttl

,
(ii i)

xx

...........:...'..'

E. (a)(i)

O;i{
= L?Ao.

......

,....,.,.,..

There are 3 grouDs of bonding pairs and no ione pairs of elecirons around

...... ...[11
the carbon atom. ... Il+i]

double bond, 2 single bonds and, nc lone pairs.

2ivlg(IvOiz

-1

ZMgO

+ -lNOz + O:

(ii) Hieher.
SizeofBa?-ionislargerthanMg?*ion.
Or charge density

"'."..."........i11
..."....'......."...t1]

ofBar*icn is lorver than that oflvlgz' ion

..'...."....tl]

PoiarisingpowerofBai*ionisalsolower..........

(b)(i)i.I;.SIl','=-ar-ro:-rs.r;jii;s;

TheN-Cboncli,rBagiOr)3ismoredifi'iculitobreak..,......

. -.

12.0 + 2 (t6.C)

....|ii

P:5.2x10iPa

(b)

|io2+ so.' + Hro ----* hso4 + No

?NO -i O, -----i 2NO:

- exisi attraciion belrveen COr

behaviour.
......,.....

moiecu!.s

.,,.,................i1]
.

i,...

...[1]
...

...f

1 J

- f r*
7.(aj.ilsl' c,rill,,reciucesiu.In0+'. ...,r..

iVfurOa'

+ Sl{+-n

5l:e3* -F iVLr2*

......

...r..

,..,..,iij

+ 4l-{3O ...!....,..,

.... ,tll

f.lo. cf irloles of F'i?* reguired =, 24.5 x 0.1C0/1000 = 2.15 x 10-3 mol

bio of mcles oiiVInO+'that hacl reacied with Fe?* = l/5 x 2.2!5.r- l0-l

r\in -- 4.9 ;( 104 K 5+.9 : 2.69 x l0'3 g

9i: of lAr ip iJru sample = 2.69;',,, l0-2 x 1C0
fu{ass

4.9

...,.........t11

cataiysi
H.2SO'thetistbrrnedcausesacidiaiu.

.....'....."'.'....'..'..iil

e.

io thicken the olurninium ov.ide

Or +4H+ +

4e.......,,....,.

---)2Aho:

..,.,"11j

......,.......,.,....,i11

corrosion

'......."....[11

.,,...
......
:.grcien
iraiicquatiolls. ....,.'.
: ?1,rO2* +.1H+ * Snz*--> 2y3' + ZHzO + Sna*

VO3* - blug, \r3*

Overall equation

..tr]

...ii]
.

iti

[cu(H2o)r]=* + 4cl-

+ 6Hzo

(ii) u,ater ionns hydrogen bondine easiill rvith all the

(c) (i) Nucleopiriie

(ii)HCN + i\iaOH

On-I groups

in the gluccse illolecuie

,'

t?j

-r

i.iaCb{ + HrO

(iii) in excess I{CI, ie iorv pI{, CN is protouated

Concenti'a'iion of CN' wiii ile ver,v low' irencc rate very slow

Cl- displaces iizO, Cl- is a stronger ligand,

Presence of a mixture of both gives tire solution the greenish.-yellorv cclour.

Blue

Blue

cocl.r?'

f*:T.'ifi

(a)Bioiogicalci)ratyst
(b) (i)

Sti'- r'cuucus VG'* io V'* olfrurrr

(iii)

use.J

of

i3.s %

(ii)

Atanodc: 2H:O --)

Advantages : the aluminium object is nrore resistant to

0200

(bl(i)

(c) .*ociisation process reiers to an eiectrolytic process

."'...'..............t1i

layerontr\ssui't'ac..oianaluminiurnobject.....,..,,.
"....".'.'i1l
....'.'..".....'...'.ili
ElecrclytelrseC=dilute.;ulphuiicaciC ..:................
......."'.i11
Anocle= alunriniurn object
.....,...............[i]
Cathode= graphiie
4Al + iox

lOa mcl

..'....'.....'......t11

......................iij

NO1 acts as a

(ii) -The carbon dioxicie gas deviates ttoni ideal gas

- The size of CO: moieculis carurot be igrrored

5Fe?=

.:.:::-::::fl]
I) nl

LI('

Size of the Cl-C-Cl bond angle

L

because

C[g

vr,
ra.1

xx

Or

right

exothermic.

AJl

L:{Cl xo C sy.'.
Oe
)Li

(iv)

On ccoling equiiibrium shifts to the

tire fonvard reacticn is

+ [co(ii2o)u]t-'+ 4cl'
Dink

..:...

i1l

(d) (i) Has an asymmetric carb,cn atom joineC to 4 diiferent atorns/groups.

Exist in 2 fonps ilrat ere ltLrn-superimposable mirror intages of each otlter

...trl

(ii)race:nic mixture of en&ntir)mers optically inactive/ equal rrroia!'

tl

fuming or
CH3Br/anhydrous AlCl3

ill

'oPc&o'o"',,,
tll
I Hrali/a'

tsr- ...-\B.r
tOH

'

(e) .Aly one of the tipeptides

trl

OH

lll

cHrQsorH
Dm

OH

fl

O
tl

Fi:i.i- CF{-C-N- CH-C-N-CH- C.O H

l,l1

luz

(?r{,h

i\'Iiz

dH

(c) "}{:NCH:COO'

(rxt

-Nr-i-cHz-cHz-NFi-co@-"o-

(ii)

lcoc-Q.)"oct
I

frFr,

t'

ra
\.-/
L-N*

(iit

o
il

cl-'FI{ri.l-cH-c-oH
I

(CHr)o
.l

NH:'Cl(iv)
rJ

ll
HrN-CH-C-OH
I

cilz
I

lct
-/--r

r\-n

6r

'
ol{

0_

'l

16rn;mat=15m