Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

Important Study Techniques Tips

Know the Core Curriculum (kursplan). It is the official publication of the Swedish Educational Department (Skolverket) that lists the topic that must be learned by the end of the course. Set a reasonable goal for yourself. What is expected from you? How are you going to reach your goal? Make a reasonable plan to achieve it. Avoid Last-Minute Study. Math must be studied continually. Devote at least half an hour a day for problem solving. Problem solving is the best way of learning mathematics. Ask questions. There is no wrong question. If you do not understand anything in the lecture, just ask! Math is the easiest subject if you understand it, otherwise it is difficult. Avoid missing your lectures. If you miss any lecture, you ought to find out from your friends and your teacher about the missed lecture. Missing lectures may make you insecure in asking questions. Avoid memorization! You have to understand mathematics to learn and master mathematics. Only by solving mathematical problem you can learn mathematics. You can not learn mathematics only by reading solved problems or memorizing them. Budget your Time. Avoid wasting your time with solving routine problems that you already know how to solve them. You have a limited time to study for a given subject. Take practice Exams under Exam Conditions. Most of my earlier test and their solutions are published in our home page. Use them to practice. Some National Tests and their solutions are also published. Use them to practice under exam conditions. The available solutions are most useful if used as a reference. Just reading the solutions may give you false hope and therefore can even be harmful. In taking practice exam do not spend too much time on any given problem.

Important Test-Taking Tips

Be well rested and come prepared on the test day. Do not forget pen, erasure, and calculator. You are not allowed to borrow anything from your friends during the test. You are allowed to use your cell (mobile) phone as a calculator. Your telephones must be turned off during the test. Avoid last minute study. Do not study the subject after 9.00 PM. Budget your time according to the grading weight of each problem. Do not spend too much time on any given problem, particularly, do not waste your time on any problem that is not weighted heavily in the test. Answer all questions. Do not omit any! Understand the problem. What is the problem after? Read the problem again if you do not understand it. Answer the Question That is Asked. Make your solutions clear, easy to read and understand.

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Important Problem-Solving Strategies

Read and reread the whole problem carefully before trying to solve it. Have you understood the problem? Do you know what the problem is looking for? Is it possible to estimate it? Do you have sufficient data to solve the problem? Is there any extra data? If so, have you forgotten to use them? Or may be they are not necessary in solving the problem. If you can not answer the questions above go back to the problem and read it again. Draw a diagram. Write down what quantities are known or given (data), and then what you are asked to find. Organize the data, in a table, pattern, graphical illustration, in such a way that any possible pattern may be recognizable. Think about what principles of mathematics are applicable to the problem. Use them! Make a plan. This step is as important as understanding and solving the problem. Without a proper plan you may end up in nowhere. In making the plan to solve the problem you may consider the followings: Is the problem familiar? Have you seen a similar problem earlier? If so, possibly the similar strategies may be taken in solving the problem. Is there any pattern? Is it possible to simplify the problem and first solve the simpler version? Is it possible to divide the problem to many different parts and solve them separately before joining the solutions up at the end? In what order are going to solve the problem? Be creative! Science, mathematics and logic are developed and still developing on the shoulder of creativity and those who dare to be creative! Perform the plan. It is very important to be consistent, show your calculations clearly, and use correct mathematical language. It is very important that any reader could read and could follow your reasoning and calculation. Keep the track of units. Note that the equal sign requires that the units on both sides must be identical. Results. Are they reasonable? Are they acceptable? Do they make sense according to your own intuition and estimation? Are there any other solutions? May be the alternative solution is easier. Is there any other point of view? Sometimes you can outsmart the problem and find easier and unconventional methods of solving the problem.

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Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

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Instructions Test period Tools The test

90 minutes Formula sheet, ruler and graphic calculator. For most items a single answer is not enough. It is also expected that you write down what you do that you explain/motivate your reasoning that you draw any necessary illustrations. After every item is given the maximum mark your solution can receive. [2/3] means that the item can give 2 g-points (Pass level) and 3 vg-points (Pass with distinction level). Items marked with give you a possibility to show MVG-quality (Pass with special distinction quality). This means that you use generalised methods, models and reasoning, that you analyse your results and account for a clear line of thought in a correct mathematical language. Problem 16 is a larger problem which may take up to 15 minutes to solve completely. It is important that you try to solve this problem. A description of what your teacher will consider when evaluating your work is attached to the problem. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions.

Mark limits

The test gives totally at the most ___ points, out of which ____ vg-points and 1 MVG-pints. To pass the test you must have at least ____ points and to get the test character Pass with distinction (VG) you must have at least ____ points out of which at least ________ points on Pass with distinction level. Excellence (MVG) requires _________ points out of which at least ______ points and excellent quality presentation of the solutions . Have fun!

Name: ________________________

Class-School: NVC08 Sjdalsgymnasiet

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In each case, show how you arrived at your answer by clearly indicating all of the necessary steps, formula substitutions, diagrams, graphs, charts, etc.

Part I: You are not allowed to use calculator in this part. Write your answer to the first part on a separate paper. Only after the submission of your solutions to the part one you may be allowed to use your calculator. You may start working with part II before submission of your solutions to part I.
1. Solve the following equations: a. 8( x 3) = 36 7 x Suggested Solution:
8( x 3) = 36 7 x 8 x 24 = 36 7 x 8 x + 7 x = 36 + 24 15 x = 60 x =

(1/0)

60 =4 15
(1/0)

1 t + 9 = 2t 3 2 Suggested Solution: 1 1 3 t + 9 = 2t 3 9 + 3 = 2t t 12 = t 3t = 24 2 2 2
b.

Answer: t =

24 =8 3

2. Simplify the following expressions to their simplest possible form: 38 x12 a. (1/0) 4x5 Suggested Solution: 38 x12 38 38 x12 = x125 = 9.5 x 7 = 9.5 x 7 Answer: 4x5 4 4x5

(a 4)(a + 4) + 5 (1/0) b. Suggested Solution: (a 4)(a + 4) + 5 = a 2 4a + 4a 16 + 5 = a 2 11 Answer: (a 4)(a + 4) + 8 = a 2 11

3. Calculate the value of each expression below: 4.5 10 5 210 7 a. (1/0) Suggested Solution: 4.5 10 5 2 10 7 = (4.5 2) 105 10 7 = 9 105+7 = 9 1012 Answer: 4.5 105 2 10 7 = 9 1012

)(

)(

)(

b.

4.5105 3 10 7 Suggested Solution: 4.5 105 4.5 = 10 57 = 1.5 10 2 7 3 10 3

(1/0)

4.5 10 5 = 1.5 10 2 Answer: 7 3 10

4

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2107 c. Suggested Solution: gested

(1/0) Answer: 2 10 7

(2 10 )

7 5

= 25 10 75 = 32 1035

= 32 1035

25200 125100 d. Suggested Solution:

25200 125100 = 5 2

(0/2)

( )

200

53

( )

100

= 5 2200 53100 = 5 400 5300 = 5400+300 = 5700

Answer: 25200 125100 = 5700

10100 1095 e. Suggested Solution: 10100 1095 = 1095 105 1 = 1095 (100 000 1) = 1095 (99 999)) = 9.9999 1099

(0/1)

Answer: 10100 1095 = 9.9999 1099 4. If a = 5 and b = 1 find the value of the expression a 2b b 3 . Suggested solution:
a 2 b b 3 = ( 5) ( 1) ( 1) = 25 + 1 = 26
2 3

(1/0)

Answer: a 2b b 3 = 26

5. If the base of a triangle is represented by x + 5 and its height is represented by 4 x , which one of the following expressions represents the area of the triangle? (0/1) 2 2 5x + 5 4x + 5 4x + 5x (b) 2 x 2 + 10 x (c) (d) (a) 2 2 2 Suggested Solution: Answer: Alternative b: 1 Area = (x + 5)(4 x ) = 2 x( x + 5) = 2 x 2 + 10 x Area = 2 x 2 + 10 x 2 6. What is the sum of (a)

5 35a 2

2 3 , and ? 7a 5a 6 (b) 12a

(0/1) (c)

31 35a

(d)

6 35a

Suggested Solution: Answer: Alternative c:

2 3 2 5 3 7 10 + 21 31 + = + = = 7a 5a 7a 5 5a 7 35a 35a
7. If 5a = 3t + 2b , then m is equal to

2 3 31 + = 7a 5a 35a
(0/1) 5

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Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

(a) t =

2b + 5a 3

(b) t =

2b 5a 3

(c) t =

5a 2b 3

(d) t =

3b 2a 5

Suggested Solution: Answer: Alternative c: 5a = 3t + 2b 5a 2b = 3t t =

5a 2b 3
(0/1)

8. What is the sum of (a)

5 35a 2

2 3 , and ? 7a 5a 6 (b) 12a

(c)

31 35a

(d)

6 35a 2 3 31 + = 7a 5a 35a

Suggested Solution: Answer: Alternative c: 2 3 2 5 3 7 10 + 21 31 + = + = = 7a 5a 7a 5 5a 7 35a 35a

9. According to the 2000 census, the population of New York State was approximately 18 900 000 . How is this number expressed in scientific notation? (1/0) (a) 1890 104 (b) 18.9 106 (c) 1.89 107 (d) 0.189 108

Answer: Alternative (c) 18 900 000 = 1.89 10 7 10. The expression (a) 8 7

63 + 175 is equivalent to
(b)

(0/1) (d) none

238

(c) 34 7

Answer: Alternative (a) Suggested Solution:

63 + 175 = 8 7

63 + 175 = 9 7 + 25 7 = 3 7 + 5 7 = 8 7

11. If two times an integer, x , is increased by 5 , the result is always grater than 16 and less than 29 . (0/2) a. What is the smallest value of x ? (0/2) b. What is the largest value of x ? (0/2) c. What are the possible values of x ? Suggested solution: 16 < 2 x + 5 < 29 Subtract 5 from all sides of the inequality, this will eliminate 5 and isolate x in the middle: 16 5 < 2 x + 5 5 < 29 5 11 < 2 x < 24 / / Divide all sides of the inequality with 2, the coefficient of the unknown x : 11 2 24 < x< 2 2 2 5.5 < x < 12 Answer: The smallest value of x is six: xmin = 6 . The largest value of x is eleven: xmax = 11 . The possible value of x are: x = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
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Part II
You may use your calculator in this part. Note that you should submit your solutions to the part I. 12. The number of bacteria double every 25 minutes. The bacteria population was 5.12 106 at 3:00 PM. How many bacteria, expressed in thousands, were present at 10:00 AM on the same day?

N (5 : 00 PM ) = 25 10 6 N (10 : 00 AM ) = ? The time difference between 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM is 5 hours: 5 60 n= = 12 25 512 10 4 2 9 10 4 10 4 12 12 6 N (10 : 00 AM ) = 2 N (3 : 00 PM ) = 2 (5.12 10 ) = = 9 3 = 3 = 1250 212 2 2 2 Answer: There were 1250 thousands of bacteria present at 10 AM.
13. The distance from Earth to the imaginary planet Zota is 1.74 10 7 miles . If a spaceship is capable of traveling at an average rate of 1450 miles per hour, what is the approximate number of days the spaceship will take to reach Zota? (c) 500 d (d) 8333 d (a) 50 d (b) 1200 d Suggested solutions: x = 1.74 10 7 miles v = 1450 miles / h
x 1.74 10 7 miles 1.2 10 6 h 4 x = v t t = = = 1.2 10 h = = 500 d miles h v 1450 24 h d Answer: Alternative c: t = 500 d .

N (t ) Bacteria population as function of time

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Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

14. Over a 12-month period, the price of stock A increased according to the equation y = 7.5 x + 180 , and the price of stock B fell according to the equation y = 328 11x . In each equation, y is the average price of the stock in dollars, during month x , where x = 1 represents January. (a) Use an algebraic method to find the month during which the average monthly prices of the two stocks were the same. What was the average price of each stock during this time? (b) Use a graphic calculator to confirm your answer by creating either a graph or a table. Suggested solutions: $350 Stock A: y = 7.5 x + 180 y = 328 11x Stock B: y = 328 11x $300 7.5 x + 180 = 328 11x y = 7.5 x + 180 7.5 x + 11x = 328 180 18.5 x = 148 $250 148 x= = 8 August 18.5 Stock A: $200 y = 7.5 x + 180 intersection y (8) = 7.5(8) + 180 = $240 x =8 y = 240 $150 Stock B: 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 y = 328 11x y (8) = 328 11(8) = $240 Answer: During August the average monthly prices of the two stocks were the same. The average price of each stock during August is $240 . The graphical solution confirms the analytical solution. TI-83: press: y = . A window opens. Write the first and then second equation as: WINDOW x y = 328 11 x y = 7 .5 x + 180 X min = 0 0 180 328 X max = 12 1 187,5 317 y1 = 7.5 x + 180 X =1 . . Press window . Choose: Scl 2 195 306 y 2 = 328 11x Ymin = 150 3 202,5 295 Ymax = 350 4 210 284 YScl = 50 5 217,5 273 6 225 262 X res = 1 7 232,5 251 Press GRAPH . A graph similar to that of the figure 8 240 240 illustrated above is drawn. Note that the intersection 9 247,5 229 point of the lines crossed above can also numerically 10 255 218 calculated in TI-83 and higher models: Press 2nd CALC . A new window appears. Choose 5 : intersect . Respond to the response of the calculator by just pressing ENTER three times in a row. As seen in the figure above the intersection calculators respond is: x =8 y = 240 Pressing 2nd TABLE opens a table similar to the one illustrated above.
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Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

15. Of the 210 juniors attending a high school, 120 are enrolled in chemistry and 30 are enrolled in art. If a total of 100 juniors are enrolled in only one of the two courses, find the number of juniors who are not enrolled in either course. Suggested solutions: We may draw a Venn graph using 95 Circle J : N tot = 210 juniors C Circle C : Chemistry: N C = 120 N C = 120 are enrolled in chemistry 25 Circle A : Art: N A = 30 are enrolled in art A 100 juniors are enrolled in only one N A = 30 of the two courses N C I A x juniors are enrolled in both chemistry and art. J : N tot = 210

85

120 + 30 2 x = 100 150 2 x = 100 150 100 = 2 x 2 x = 50 x =

N C I A = 25 juniors are enrolled in both chemistry and art. 25 N C U A = 100 + 25 = 125 N N C U A = 210 125 = 85 Answer: N N C U A = 85 juniors are neither enrolled in chemistry nor in art.

50 = 25 2

16. According to proposal submitted by President George Bush on 24 of September 2008, American Congress is encouraged approve a relief of 700 Billion dollars taxpayers money to rescue the financial sector. Estimate how much 700 Billion dollars is, by calculating how much you would receive daily for the rest of your life, if you receive it today. Make the necessary assumptions. (2/4/) Suggested solutions: Assume you are 16 and today is your birthday, and you die tragically on your 87th birthday. Therefore you are going to get the money for 86 16 = 70 y . Simplistic assumption: You deposit your money in an account without any interest but having state guarantee. You are also excluded of taxes! Your age: 16 You die: 86 Years left of your life: 86 16 = 70 y Days left of your life: 70 365.5 = 25 585 Money you will receive daily for the rest of your life:

$700 109 = $27 359 781 $27.4 10 6 25 585 You will receive 27.4 million dollars daily for the rest of your life.

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Suggested solutions Test yourself MaA Mathematical Reasoning Ch1-3

A little more realistic, but a little more complex system: You buy government bonds for $700 billion dollars. These bonds are insured fully by the government and are considered most secure, but the return is rather very small. The constant annual interest rate on the bonds is only 3%. The interest is paid at the end of each year on the money left in the account. You pay 50% of your earning as income tax and this will be paid at the end of each year (too simple.) You may ignore inflation (too simplistic approach.) The other assumptions are as above. That means you have only 70 365.5 = 25 585 days left of your life. Lets assume x dollars per day. Due to the income tax paid at the end of each year, and due to the fact that you are so cheep that you do not want any money left in your account on the day of your death, you may come to the following calculations. Now: t = 0 $7 1011 One year from $7 1011 365.5 x 1.015 now t = 1 Two years from $7 1011 365.5 x 1.015 365.5 x 1.015 now t = 2 3 Three years $7 1011 (1.015) 365.5 x(1.015) (1.015) 2 + (1.015)1 + 1 from now t = 3 . 70 t = 70 $7 1011 (1.015) 365.5 x(1.015) (1.015) 69 + (1.015) 68 + ... + 1.015 + 1 = 0

( (((

(1.015) 70 1 (1.015) 70 1 (1.015) + (1.015) + ... + 1.015 + 1 = = = 122.36 1.015 1 0.015 a (k n 1) k 1 Geometric sum: a + a k + a k 2 + a k 3 + ... + ak n1 = k 1 70 $7 1011 (1.015) 70 $7 1011 (1.015) 365.5 x(1.015)(122.36) = 0 x = = $43 723 486 365.5(1.015)(122.36) You will receive $43.7 million dollars daily for the rest of your life (even though you paid 50% of your income as taxes!)
69 68

Problem can be solved even more realistic, but that is beyond math A course!

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